Children's Anger Research Articles

Penerapan Role-Playing (Bermain Peran) untuk Mengatasi Anger Expression pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar

Anger expression or angry expression is one of the emotions that covers a person at a time. Especially this happens to children who are very difficult to overcome. Expressions of anger in children often occur in class, for example, such as fighting with friends, bothering friends who are studying, grabbing other people's things, and so on. This can create unexpected expressions such as anger, annoyance, fear, disappointment, and so on. Therefore, an alternative is required to overcome anger expression one of which is role-playing. The theory used is that the negative impact of emotions is to interfere with motor skills and interfere with mental activities. The role-playing is a form of learning activity in which children are actively involved in playing certain roles. This study researchers used a qualitative approach and methods of research used literature studies. The answer to problem’s formulation, researchers employ data collection techniques of literature and meta-analysis to address the problem and discussion in chart and descriptive form. Based on library results done by researchers, it could be concluded that the expected child’s expression of anger could be the student could reflect on events that would trigger emotions, such as not disturbing their friends who are seriously studying, asking for permission when borrowing items, staying calm during learning take place. As well as the literature found that role-playing is one of the games that has a good influence on dealing with children's emotions. So that role playing is used as an alternative to overcome angry expressions.

Child-focused psychosocial interventions for anger and aggression in children under 12 years of age

Child-focused psychosocial interventions for anger and aggression in children under 12 years of age

The role of child negative emotionality in parenting and child adjustment: Gene-environment interplay.

Evocative gene-environment correlation (rGE) describes a process through which children's heritable characteristics influence their rearing environments. The current study examined whether heritable influences on parenting and children's behavioural outcomes operate through child negative emotionality. Using data from the Early Growth and Development Study, we examined associations among adoptive parent reports of child anger and sadness at 4.5 years, adoptive parents' hostile and warm parenting at 6 years and child behavioural problems and social competence at age 7. Birth parent temperament was included to test whether child effects on parents reflect evocative gene-environment correlation (rGE). Child anger at 4.5 years evoked hostile parenting from adoptive parents at 6 years, which was subsequently related to child problem behaviours at 7 years. Evocative rGE effects were identified for adoptive parents' hostile parenting. By employing a genetically informed design, we found that birth parent temperament was related to child negative emotionality. Adoptive parents were sensitive to child negative emotionality, and this sensitivity was linked to the child's later adjustment.

Attachment and Affect between Mothers with Depression and their Children: Longitudinal Outcomes of Child Parent Psychotherapy.

The present investigation examined the longitudinal effects of Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) for toddlers and their mothers with depression on: a) maternal affective expression, b) child affective expression, and c) mother-child cohesion. Mothers with depression (Mage = 31.7years; 92.8% White, 3.5% Black, 2.1% Hispanic, 2.3% other) and their toddlers were randomized to receive CPP (DI; n = 66) or to a control group (DC; n = 64). Mothers without depression and their toddlers (NC; n = 68) were recruited as an additional comparison group. Dyads were assessed at baseline (T1; 20months old), post-intervention (T2; 36months old), and follow-up (T3; 9years old). Data from a mother-child conflict task was coded as a measure of observed outcome variables. Change in post-intervention attachment security assessed via the Strange Situation was evaluated as a mediator between intervention condition and maternal and child affective expression and dyadic cohesion at T3. Change to secure attachment post-intervention significantly mediated the association between intervention condition and T3 maternal warmth and child anger/problem behavior. Toddlers of mothers with depression who received CPP showed higher rates of change to secure attachment compared to those in both the DC and NC groups. Dyads who changed to secure attachment at T2 displayed higher levels of maternal warmth at T3 and lower levels of child anger and problem behavior at T3. Implications for the use of CPP as a preventive intervention and the importance of attachment as a mediator of long-term outcomes are discussed.

The relationship between temperament and behavior in 3–7-year-old children during dental treatment

Various factors affect child behavior in different situations such as in a dental clinic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperament and child behavior during routine dental treatment. The present study is a descriptive-analytic study that included 199 children aged 3-7-years from patients referred to a dental clinic of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2018. The Children's Behavior Questionnaire, which is specific to children aged 3-7 years, was used to assess children's dental temperament. Children's behaviors during dental treatment were recorded using Frankl scale. Finally, the data were analyzed by the SPSS-16 statistical software. About 47.9% of the samples were female, with a mean temperament score of 4.79 which was significantly higher than males (P < 0.05). Almost 2.4% of children had completely negative behaviors and 2.8% had a completely positive behavior. The mean scores of fear (P = 0.008) and anger (P = 0.004) in children with completely negative behavior were higher than those with completely positive behavior. Moreover, the average scores of inhibitory control (P = 0.003) and perceptual sensitivity (P = 0.001) in completely positive children were higher than completely negative children. The results of the present study showed that girls had a better mean score of temperament than boys. The inhibitory control and perceptual sensitivity in completely positive children were significantly higher than negative children. In addition, a higher mean score of fear and anger was observed in completely negative children.

Recognition of children's emotional facial expressions among mothers reporting a history of childhood maltreatment.

Several studies have shown that child maltreatment is associated with both positive and negative effects on the recognition of facial emotions. Research has provided little evidence of a relation between maltreatment during childhood and young adults' ability to recognize facial displays of emotion in children, an essential skill for a sensitive parental response. In this study, we examined the consequences of different forms of maltreatment experienced in childhood on emotion recognition during parenthood. Participants included sixty-three mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years. Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment were assessed using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Emotion recognition was measured using a morphed facial emotion identification task of all six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise). A Path Analysis via Structural Equation Model revealed that a history of physical abuse is related to a decreased ability to recognize both fear and sadness in children, whereas emotional abuse and sexual abuse are related to a decreased ability to recognize anger in children. In addition, emotional neglect is associated with an increased ability to recognize anger, whereas physical neglect is associated with less accuracy in recognizing happiness in children's facial emotional expressions. These findings have important clinical implications and expand current understanding of the consequences of childhood maltreatment on parents' ability to detect children's needs.

Relations between child temperament and adolescent negative urgency in a high-risk sample

Negative urgency, rash action during negative mood states, is a strong predictor of risky behavior. However, its developmental antecedents remain largely unstudied. The current study tested whether childhood temperament served as a developmental antecedent to adolescent negative urgency. Participants (N = 239) were from a longitudinal study oversampled for a family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Negative emotionality (anger and sadness reactivity) and effortful control were measured in childhood (5–8) and negative urgency in adolescence (13–18). Childhood anger reactivity was uniquely related to later negative urgency above and beyond sadness reactivity. Effortful control was not related to later negative urgency; however, a latent variable capturing the shared variance between childhood effortful control and anger reactivity was related to later negative urgency.

Effectiveness of Conventional Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Its Computerized Version on Reduction in Pain Intensity, Depression, Anger, and Anxiety in Children with Cancer: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Background: Experiencing painful procedures during life is inevitable. Poor pain management is associated with negative effects on the quality of life, remaining for a long time after the experience. Long-term negative effects of pain possess a significant cost burden on society. Nowadays, computers are globally available, and computerized psychological interventions can reduce negative emotions. Objectives: The present study aimed at examining the effectiveness of conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and its computerized version on reduction in pain intensity, depression, anger, and anxiety in children with cancer. Methods: The present randomized, controlled, clinical trial was performed on three groups of conventional CBT, computerized CBT (cCBT), and control. Children with cancer, referring to Shafa Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran, constituted the study samples. A total of 15 children aged 9 - 12 years were assigned to each group by using the lottery method. All three groups received routine medical treatments during the study, but the two intervention groups also received psychological interventions as a complementary treatment. The control group received routine medical treatment and underwent cCBT intervention after the study. The data-i e, pre- and post-tests, were collected by a masters’ student in clinical psychology that was blind to the study objectives. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA, ANOVA, and t-tests of differential scores. Results: The findings of the study indicated that both interventions could reduce negative emotions associated with cancer (i. e, pain, anger, anxiety, and depression) in children compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.0001). In addition, there were no significant differences between the two intervention groups (P &lt; 0.01). It means both interventions were useful to reduce pain and enhance adjustment. Conclusions: The cCBT can be utilized in case of no access to psychologists and psychological services.

Dyadic association between aggressive pretend play and children's anger expression.

This study investigates the association between children's peer-reported expression of anger and their pretend play with aggressive/negative themes observed during spontaneous play with classmates. Participants comprised 104 Chinese children (Mage =8.98years, SD=0.97, 49% girls) and were filmed playing in peer dyads with toys. Aggressive and non-aggressive negative pretend themes were coded at five-second intervals for 10minutes. Children's expression of anger in real situations was reported by peers. Analysis using actor-partner interdependence modelling (APIM) revealed significant partner effects, indicating that children were more likely to engage in pretend play with aggressive themes when they were playing with a partner who was perceived by their peers as more easily angered. It was also found that boys were more likely to engage in pretend play with both aggressive and non-aggressive negative themes compared with girls.

Psychodynamic Approach, Social Cognitive and Neurobiology Aspect of Tantrum Behaviour in Children

Abstract&#x0D; One form of emotional expression in the form of explosive anger in children is known as tantrum behaviour, which can be categorized as bad behaviour based on the perspective of some parents. This is very much related to the problem of child despair, which is caused by the way parents are not quite right in responding to tantrums, so the child reacts inappropriately. Parental responses make children increasingly undisciplined, even this provides opportunities for children to find certain ways to get their desires in a negative way. The child's inability to communicate is one aspect of tantrum studies. This communication is more translated as an expression of emotion and better known as tantrum. This article review will discuss temper tantrum behaviour in children along with a review of various theoretical points of view.

Perilaku School Bullying Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Behavior in children can be classified as normal or abnormal behavior. Children's behavior can be said to be normal if the behavior is in accordance with that in society. While children's behavior can be said to be abnormal if the child's behavior has deviated from the prevailing order in the community so that the community directly or indirectly rejects it. Children who are accustomed to observing and even experiencing violence both physically and verbally in the home environment or play, later children will build a framework that is a natural thing and needs to be done. Hurlock (1978: 221) says anger is an expression that is more often expressed in children. The reason is because the stimulation that causes more anger in children, children also know that anger is an effective way to get attention or fulfill their desires. Keywords: School Bullying, Elementary school student

4516 Sex Differences in the Cortical Structure in Children with Irritability and Disruptive Behavior

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This study examines sex differences in brain structure in youths with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). We use measures of gray matter volume (GMV) in regions-of-interest implicated in the pathophysiology of conduct problems and a whole-brain analysis of cortical thickness. We also examine unique associations between brain structure and callous-unemotional traits. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study included 90 children with a DBD (30 females) aged 8-16 and 50 Healthy Controls (20 females) matched for age and IQ. Children received a diagnostic evaluation using the K-SADS. Pre-processing was conducted using FreeSurfer. For ROI analyses, multivariate GLM models were conducted in SPSS for estimates of GMV to examine the main effects of diagnosis and sex, and sex-by-diagnosis interactions. Whole-brain analyses were conducted in FreeSurfer. Associations were examined between structure and parent ratings of callous-unemotional (CU) traits using the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in regression analyses in the DBD group, while controlling for the variance in aggressive behavior using the Child Behavior Checklist Aggressive Behavior Scale. All analyses controlled for differences in intracranial volume. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Relative to controls, children with DBD showed reduced GMV in the bilateral amygdala (left: p = .004; right: p = .04). Sex-by-diagnosis interactions were observed in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (p = .004), right insula (p = .001), right inferior frontal gyrus (p = .02), and bilateral anterior cingulate (left: p = .02; right: p = .01) in which DBD males showed lower and DBD females showed higher GMV relative to respective controls. For whole-brain analyses, a significant sex-by-diagnosis interaction was observed in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex and supramarginal gyrus indicating that DBD males showed lower and DBD females showed higher cortical thickness relative to respective controls. Sex-by-CU traits interactions were observed for left amygdala and ACC volumes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The current study provides evidence of reduced amygdala volume in children with DBD, and interactions between sex and diagnosis in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and supramarginal gyrus, which may have implications for identifying sex-sensitive neural biomarkers. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: Disclosures: Dr. Sukhodolsky receives royalties from Guilford Press for a treatment manual on CBT for anger and aggression in children. Drs. Ibrahim, He, Pelphrey, McCarthy, and Mr. Li have no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest to declare related to this present study.

Development and Pilot Testing a Self-Reported Pediatric PROMIS App for Young Children Aged 5–7 Years

PurposeThe aims of this study are threefold. Firstly, Using the state of science PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) methods to develop a smartphone application to monitor the emotional distress for young children aged 5–7 years old; Secondly, to test the usability of this application; and thirdly, to determine the level of agreement between reports by parents and young children's self-report. Design and methodsA multidisciplinary research team, made up of senior pediatric nurses and doctors, software engineers' team, and pediatric health researchers worked together to develop this application. Three phases of stakeholders and user studies were conducted. Phase 1 focused on prototype development; Phase 2 involved cognitive interview and usability testing; Phases 3 focused on the pilot testing of this application. ResultsWe included the original parent proxy reporting version of Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System-emotional distress in the application, as well as self-reporting animated version for young children. After many rounds of modification, all participants felt that this application was easy to use and the animated items were easy to understand for young children aged 5–7 years. Correlations between parents-children reports are significant and moderate, parents underestimated child depression, and overestimated child anger and anxiety compared to child self-report. ConclusionsThis smartphone application and its Web-based administration portal demonstrate good usability and are well accepted by young children aged 5–7 years, which can be used to promote young children's participation when reporting or assessing symptoms of young pediatric patients. Practice implicationsParent reports cannot be substituted for child reports and evaluations of pediatric patients' perspectives regarding treatment outcomes should be included in pediatric clinic. This animated application can be used as a smart measurement to investigate the symptoms for young children aged 5–7 years, so as to amplify young children's voice in clinical care.

The role of genetic and environmental factors in covariation between anxiety and anger in childhood.

Higher levels of anger expression, as well as lower levels of anger control, have been reported for adults with anxiety disorders compared to individuals without anxiety disorders. Different to the research on adults, very few studies examined the relationship between anxiety and anger in childhood. In our study, we investigated 398 Italian twin pairs (74 MZ male, 70 MZ female, 134 same-sex dizygotic-53 male, 81 female-, and 120 unlike-sex dizygotic twin pairs), aged 8-17 (mean 13.06 ± 2.59): (i) the heritability of a childhood anger phenotype; (ii) the association between five anxiety domains and anger; (iii) the role of possible common etiological factors in explaining the observed comorbidity and overlap in the risk between anxiety phenotypes and anger. The study demonstrated that anger, assessed by CBCL items, is heritable in children at a similar rate to prior studies (40%). Our research found low to moderate rate of correlation between anger and anxiety (from 0.10 to 0.19). Finally, the present study found that the majority of etiological influences on anxiety and anger are independent of each other. Data showed that shared environmental influences have some small effects on the phenotypic covariation between the anxiety phenotypes and anger (12%); whereas unique environmental influences have an almost negligible effect (1%). Our analyses did not reveal the effect of genetic effects in explaining the covariation between these phenotypes.

The levels of anger and aggression in street children with substance dependence.

This is a descriptive study to determine the levels of anger and aggression in street children with substance dependence. The study was conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 with 103 street children who use substances. Personal Information Form, Aggression Scale (AS), and Trait Anger and Anger Expression Styles Scale (STAXI) were used as data collection tools. The rate of the children reported that they lived on the streets due to the conflicts with the family was 67% and 35% of participants reported that they were exposed to violence on the street. The total score of AS was 146.78 ± 25.91, the mean score of the anger subscale of the STAXI was 31.05 ± 9.00 while the scores of the anger-in subscale and the anger-out subscale scores were 19.02 ± 4.55 and 23.04 ± 6.19, respectively. The total scores of AS had a significant positive correlation with both the trait anger and "anger-in" subscale scores. The results show that substance use negatively affected anger control in street children. The data demonstrated that the presence of continuous anger and turning the anger against oneself correlated with increased levels of aggression. Increasing the duration of living on the street, working on the street and being exposed to stressful situations in the street increased the "anger-in" scores.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Treatment for Child Anger Management

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), commonly used to treat various mental health problems, focuses on the relationship between thoughts, emotions and behavior of the patient to address and alter the dysfunctional behavior. CBT is a time-restricted, present-focused technique which educates clients about cognitive and behavioral proficiencies to pursue their interpersonal and intrapersonal lives more adaptively. CBT is also used in children to encourage self-control and address behavioral issues. This paper reports a case study of a nine-year old patient. Using CBT, problematic anger presentation after parental divorce is regulated. The efficiency of CBT is evaluated for this case.

Teachers' Beliefs About Children's Anger and Skill in Recognizing Children's Anger Expressions.

Everyday beliefs often organize and guide motivations, goals, and behaviors, and, as such, may also differentially motivate individuals to value and attend to emotion-related cues of others. In this way, the beliefs that individuals hold may affect the socioemotional skills that they develop. To test the role of emotion-related beliefs specific to anger, we examined an educational context in which beliefs could vary and have implications for individuals’ skill. Specifically, we studied 43 teachers’ beliefs about students’ anger in the school setting as well as their ability to recognize expressions of anger in children’s faces in a dynamic emotion recognition task. Results revealed that, even when controlling for teachers’ age and gender, teachers’ belief that children’s anger was useful and valuable in the school setting was associated with teachers’ accuracy at recognizing anger expressions in children’s faces. The belief that children’s anger was harmful and not conducive to learning, however, was not associated with teachers’ accuracy at recognizing children’s anger expressions. These findings suggest that certain everyday beliefs matter for predicting skill in recognizing specific emotion-related cues.

Distinctions between experiences of anger and sadness in children's and adolescents' narrative accounts of peer injury

AbstractChildren's varied emotions following peer injury may reflect distinct ways of understanding and coping with such events. This study examined how children's references to anger and sadness in their accounts of peer injury were differentially related to narrative descriptions of their motivations, interpretations, evaluations, and behavioral responses, as well as the relationships in which harm occurred. We also explored how these associations between emotions and other narrative elements varied with age. The study was based on a corpus of 275 transcripts of oral narratives recounted by equal numbers of boys and girls across three age groups: 7, 11, and 16 years. In line with functionalist theories, anger was uniquely linked to maximizing attributions, indignation, and aggression, after accounting for age and gender. Sadness was related to harm in close relationships and relational goals, underlining the value placed on relationships with the offender, as well as a sense of powerlessness and confusion. Some associations between emotions and other narrative elements varied with age, suggesting that children's experiences of anger and sadness became increasingly agentic and relationally oriented. Findings suggest how narrative constructions of meaning about peer injury may serve as contexts for reflecting on how anger and sadness emerge from and are resolved through interpersonal relationships.

Parental Anger and Trajectories of Emotional Well-Being from Adolescence to Young Adulthood.

This study assesses the relationship of parental anger on children's anger and self-derogation from adolescence to young adulthood. We examine a life-course perspective and incorporate theories of emotion regulation and self-referent behavior. Using structural equation models and hierarchical growth curve models with the Kaplan Longitudinal and Multigenerational data, the results indicate that parental anger leads to anger in adolescence, supporting theories of learning through modeling in adolescence. In young adulthood, as predicted by self-referent behavior theory, parental anger contributes to increases in self-derogation. Interestingly, maternal anger, but not paternal anger, is correlated with child's anger and self-derogation.

Associations between early home environment and trajectories of disruptive behavior among preschoolers reared in CPS-referred families

Young children who experience maltreatment are at increased risk for disruptive behavior problems. In high-risk environments, children’s difficulties regulating negative emotions and behavior may be an important precursor to later disruptive behavior problems. This longitudinal study examined associations between early home risk factors and trajectories of disruptive behavior in young children in Child Protective Services–involved families. Standardized observations of disruptive behavior, home environment quality, and parenting risk were measured when children ( N = 142) were 36 and 48 months old. Results of multiple indicator latent change models showed that early childhood anger dysregulation decreased over the early preschool period. Early home and parenting risk factors (increased harsh parenting, reduced organization of the home, and decreased parental involvement and responsiveness) were associated with higher baseline values of anger dysregulation at 36 months, but not with change in anger dysregulation over the preschool period. These findings hold important implications for early prevention and intervention for externalizing problems among children in the child welfare system.