Child And Youth Resilience Measure Research Articles

Family UNited: piloting of a new universal UNODC family skills programme to improve child mental health, resilience and parenting skills in Indonesia and Bangladesh

BackgroundFamily is one of the most influential social institutions and caregivers act as the main protective factors for children’s mental health and resilience skills. Family skills programmes support caregivers to be better parents and strengthen positive age-specific and age-appropriate family functioning and interactions. We developed a universal, brief and light programme for implementation in low-resource settings, the Family UNited (FU) programme, and conducted a pilot study to show feasibility of implementation, replicability and effectiveness in improving family functioning, child behaviour and resilience.MethodsWe recruited caregivers with children aged 8–14 years through schools in East Java, Indonesia and Dhaka, Bangladesh to the FU programme. Demographic data, emotional and behavioural difficulties of children, child resilience and parental skills and family adjustment measures were collected from children and caregivers before, 2 and 6 weeks after the intervention. Outcome was assessed through the SDQ (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), PAFAS (Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales) and CYRM-R (Child and Youth Resilience Measure).ResultsWe enrolled 29 families in Bangladesh and allocated 37 families to the intervention and 33 to the control group in Indonesia. Overall, there was no effect over time in the control group on any of the PAFAS subscales, whereas significant reductions in scores were found on six of the seven subscales in either country in the intervention group, most prominently in caregivers with higher scores at baseline. We found highly significant reductions in total SDQ scores in the intervention group in both countries, whereas there was no effect over time in the control group in Indonesia. Boys in the intervention group in Indonesia and in Bangladesh seemed to have benefitted significantly on the SDQ as well as the total resilience scale. Overall, on the CYRM-R, particularly children below the 33rd percentile at pre-test benefitted substantially from the programme.ConclusionsThe implementation of a brief family skills programme was seemingly effective and feasible in resource-limited settings and positively improved child mental health, resilience and parenting practices and family adjustment skills. These results suggest the value of such a programme and call for further validation through other methods of impact assessment and outcome evaluation.Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registration: ISRCTN99645405, retrospectively registered, 22 September, 2022.

Exposition des enfants à la violence conjugale : troubles mentaux et facteurs de résilience. Étude transversale tunisienne

Conjugal violence is a social problem whose impact extends beyond the couple, to the children who are exposed. ObjectiveTo study the psychological impact of exposure to conjugal violence in children and adolescents in child psychiatry consultation and the factors associated with their capacity for resilience. Patients and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on a sample of 30 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 18 years and exposed to conjugal violence. Patients were recruited from the child psychiatry unit of the Hospital University of HediChaker of Sfax. We conducted clinical interviews to identify the psychological impact of conjugal violence on children. The resilience evaluation was done by self or hetero passation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM). ResultsChildren and adolescents exposed to conjugal violence suffered from trauma-related disorders and stressors in 40% of cases, mood disorders in 33.3% of cases and externalized disorders in 6.6% of cases. We found that children were more resilient than adolescents in the area of emotional care provided by their parents (12.66±2.02 vs. 9.46±2.69 among adolescents; P=0.001). In contrast, adolescents were significantly more resilient than children in the area of contextual factors including spirituality (6.46±1.4 vs. 4.53±1.06; P=0.000), education (11.13±2.13 vs. 8.4±1.54; P=0.000) and culture (11.13±2.13 vs. 8.4±1.54; P=0.000). The child's education and good mental health for the mother were associated with better resilience in the children. The child's exposure to conjugal violence by being both a witness and a victim was associated with a reduced capacity for resilience. ConclusionExposure to conjugal violence has a significant impact on the mental health of children exposed. The study of resilience and associated factors could thus be useful in order to limit the deleterious repercussions on children and provide them with harmonious development both on the somatic and psychological levels.

Exploring the Relationship Between Resilience and the Adverse Impact of Stuttering in Children.

People who stutter often experience significant adverse impact related to stuttering. However, it is unclear how adverse impact develops in children who stutter (CWS) and whether there are protective factors that may mitigate its development. This study examined the relationship between resilience, a potentially protective factor, and stuttering's adverse impact in CWS. Resilience comprises external factors, such as family support and access to resources as well as personal attributes, making it a comprehensive protective factor to explore. One hundred forty-eight CWS aged 5-18 years completed the age-appropriate version of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) and the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Parents completed a caregiver version of the CYRM and a behavioral checklist for their child. The adverse impact of stuttering was modeled as a function of resilience (external, personal, and total), controlling for child age and behavioral checklist score. We also estimated correlations between child-report and parent-report CYRM measures to assess rater agreement. Children reporting greater external, personal, or total resilience were more likely to experience lower degrees of adverse impact related to their stuttering. We documented stronger correlations between younger child and parent ratings of resilience and weaker correlations between older child and parent ratings. These results yield valuable insight into the variability of adverse impact experienced by CWS and offer empirical support for strength-based speech therapy approaches. We discuss the factors that contribute to a child's resilience and provide practical suggestions for how clinicians can incorporate resilience-building strategies into intervention for children experiencing significant adverse impact from their stuttering. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23582172.

Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience With Obesity, High Blood Pressure, and Parental Report of Behavioral Health Symptoms in Children: A Cross Sectional Study.

The interplay between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and resilience on health in children is not well understood. Parents completed 3 questionnaires: ACEs, Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM), and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17(PSC-17). BMI and blood pressure were measured. 19.8% of children had 4 or more ACEs, resilience ranged from 25 to 51, 14.3% had a positive PSC-17 score, 25.6% were obese, 3.1% had systolic hypertension, and 1.2% had diastolic hypertension. Higher ACEs (ACE OR: 1.398, 95% CI = 1.044-1.893, P = .026) and lower resilience (Resilience OR: 0.740, 95% CI 0.668-0.812; P = 1.13 × 10-9) were predictive of increased reports of behavioral health symptoms, but not obesity or hypertension. The personal resilience subscale was a predictor of positive PSC-17 score (OR 0.646, 95% CI = 0.546-0.749, P = 3.18 × 10-8); relationship subscale was not. Cultivating resilience, especially personal aspects, may provide an effective intervention for behavioral health symptoms in children.

A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of narrative therapy on resilience of orphaned and abandoned children fostered in SOS children’s village

ABSTRACT Background: Narrative Therapy is an efficacious treatment approach widely practiced for various psychological conditions. However, few studies have examined its effectiveness on resilience, a robust determinant of one’s mental health, and there has been no randomized controlled trial in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of narrative therapy for the resilience of orphaned and abandoned children in Rwanda. Method: This study was a ‘parallel randomized controlled trial’ in which participants (n = 72) were recruited from SOS Children’s Village. Half of the participants (n = 36) were randomly allocated to the intervention group and the rest to the delayed narrative therapy group. For the intervention group, children attended ten sessions (55 min each) over 2.5 months. Data were collected using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) and analyzed using mixed ANOVA within SPSS version 28. Result: The results from ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of time and group for resilience total scores. Of interest, there was a significant time by group interaction effect for resilience. Pairwise comparison analyses within-group showed a significant increase in resilience in the intervention group, and the effect size was relatively large in this group. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the notable efficacy of narrative therapy for children’s resilience in the intervention group. Therefore, health professionals and organizations working with orphaned and abandoned children will apply narrative therapy to strengthen their resilience and improve mental health. Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry identifier: PACTR202107499406828..

Psychometric Validation of Odia Translated CYRM-R Scale

Aim: This study aims to test the psychometric properties of Odia translated Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) scale Method: A total of 167 participants were recruited for this study. The English version of the CYRM-R scale was translated into Odia and back-translated into English. Following item analysis, exploratory factor analysis using Oblique rotation was used to confirm the factor structure and internal consistency of the scale was established. Results: The items on the scale had a good inter-item correlation. The contextual resilience scale was removed due to low internal consistency. The final scale had two subscales namely individual and relational resilience. Significant differences were found in resilience between the two genders and CNCP & CCL population. Conclusion: The translated CYRM-R seems to be a good scale with high reliability to measure resilience among youth. However further study has to be done cross-culturally to generalise the results.

Children and Adolescents Psychological Distress Scale During COVID-19 Pandemic: Validation of a Psychometric Instrument (CONFEADO Study).

Aim and Object Purpose of the StudyIn March 2020, the WHO declared a pandemic (COVID-19) due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In France, school closures and lockdowns were implemented. In this unprecedented context for French adolescents and children, the CONFEADO study surveyed children aged 9 to 18 years to assess their mental health, psychological distress, and resilience during and after the lockdown in relation to their living and housing conditions. To assess psychological distress, a psychometric tool (Children and Adolescent Psychological Distress Scale-CAPDS-10) was specifically designed for the research. This article presents the psychometric validity of the CAPDS-10.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from June 9 to September 14, 2020, from children and adolescents (9 to 18 years of age) via an online questionnaire after sending it to a large network of partners. Psychological distress, resilience, and trait anxiety were assessed using the CAPDS-10, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). The CAPDS-10 measured perceived psychological distress in the most recent 2 weeks (primary endpoint). The predictive power of the CAPDS-10 was determined by statistical analysis. We proceeded to a confirmatory factor analysis to validate the scale at a clinical level. We carried out a psychometric validation with a step to verify the uni-dimensionality of the scale (PCA analysis) and the calculation of convergent and divergent validity, correlation coefficient between items and subscales, Cronbach's alpha for reliability, determination of a cut-off score for the AUROC index.ResultsThree thousand and forty eight children and adolescents completed the CAPDS-10. Analysis confirmed a three-factor model (anxiety, depression, and aggressive behavior) (RMSEA = 0.072 [0.067; 0.077], CFI = 0.954), with a correlation coefficient between items >0.4. PCA analysis concluded that the scale is unidimensional. Reliability was satisfactory with Cronbach's alpha coefficients >0.7 (0.86). In addition, prediction was good with an AUROC index equal to 0.73 and a threshold score for severe distress greater than or equal to 19.ConclusionThe CAPDS-10 measures psychological distress over the most recent 2-week period with good psychometric qualities. It could be used in crisis or prevention contexts in the general population or in clinical settings.

Impact of a Brief Family Skills Training Programme ("Strong Families") on Parenting Skills, Child Psychosocial Functioning, and Resilience in Iran: A Multisite Controlled Trial.

Caregivers have a key role in protecting children’s wellbeing, and, with appropriate skills, can prevent a multitude of negative social outcomes, particularly in challenged or humanitarian settings. Accordingly, the Strong Families programme was designed as a light touch family skills programme, with a focus of supporting caregiving during stressful situations. To evaluate the short-term impact of the Strong Families programme, we performed a time-convenience, randomized, controlled trial in Iran. A total of 292 families (63% from Iranian decent, 39% from Afghan decent, and 1% other), with children aged eight to twelve years, were recruited through ten centers in Iran and allocated to an intervention (n = 199) or waitlist/control group (n = 93). The two groups did not differ demographically at baseline. We assessed families prospectively, through three scales, PAFAS (parenting and family adjustment scales), SDQ (strengths and difficulties questionnaire), and CYRM-R (child and youth resilience measure). Caregivers in the intervention group improved (highly) statistically significantly on all but one PAFAS subscales (parental consistency, coercive parenting, positive encouragement, parental adjustment, family relationships, and parental teamwork), which was not noted in the waitlist group. On the SDQ, there were (highly) significant positive changes in scores in the intervention group on all sub-scales and the “total difficulty scale“, whereas the waitlist/control group also improved on three (prosocial, conduct problems, and hyperactivity) of the five SDQ subscales. Children originating from Afghanistan improved significantly on the overall resilience scale of the CYRM-R in the intervention group, but not in the waitlist/control group. Overall, all our stratified results of the different scales reflect an accentuated improvement in families with higher levels of problems at baseline. Our comparative results indicated a strong alignment of the strong families programme with its intended short-term impact, per its logical frame on parenting practices and family management skills, children behaviour, caregivers and children mental health, and capacity to cope with stress. We postulate that the potential nudging or diffusion of knowledge (cross-contamination between intervention and waitlist/control group) at the community level could explain improvements in the waitlist/control group on some indicators, however, further research on this is recommend.

Stress, Resilience, and Well-Being in Italian Children and Their Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has forced parents and children to adopt significant changes in their daily routine, which has been a big challenge for families, with important implications for family stress. In this study, we aimed to analyze the potential risk and protective factors for parents’ and children’s well-being during a potentially traumatic event such as the COVID-19 quarantine. Specifically, we investigated parents’ and children’s well-being, parental stress, and children’s resilience. The study involved 463 Italian parents of children aged 5–17. All participants completed an online survey consisting of the Psychological General Well Being Index (PGWB) to assess parental well-being, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to measure children’s well-being, the Parent Stress Scale (PSS) to investigate parental stress, and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) to measure children’s resilience. The results show that confinement measures and changes in daily routine negatively affect parents’ psychological dimensions, thus exposing children to a significant risk for their well-being. Our results also detect some risk factors for psychological maladjustments, such as parental stress, lower levels of resilience in children, changes in working conditions, and parental psychological, physical, or genetic problems. In this study, we attempted to identify the personal and contextual variables involved in the psychological adjustment to the COVID-19 quarantine to identify families at risk for maladjustment and pave the way for ad hoc intervention programs intended to support them. Our data show promising results for the early detection of the determinants of families’ psychological health. It is important to focus attention on the needs of families and children—including their mental health—to mitigate the health and economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic.

36.1 A SCHOOL YOGA PILOT PROGRAM TO PROMOTE PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL BEING AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Objectives: The objective of this presentation is to implement and evaluate a yoga-based psychoeducation program in a school setting Methods: The program consisted of a 35-minute session once weekly for 8 weeks Each session introduced a psychosocial theme, breathing exercises, yoga poses, and relaxation techniques Both sites had the same instructor and program, and ran from January to March 2020 Multiple measures of mental health were completed before and after the program Results: A total of 33 students from 2 high schools participated Of those, 29 students (88%) participated in at least 6 sessions, and all (100%) participated in at least 5 of 8 sessions The mean age was 14 8 ± 0 8 years Nineteen (57 6%) were female, and 14 (42 4%) were male Seventeen (51 5%) were Asian, 5 (15 2%) were White, 3 (9 1%) were Hispanic/Latinx, 4 (12 1%) identified as other, and 4 (12 1%) were unknown Of the 29 survey respondents, 28 (96 6%) responded that the program helped their psychosocial problems The Outcomes Rating Score (ORS) showed no significant differences before the program (M = 29 0, SD = 7 8) compared to after the program (M = 28 9, SD = 5 6 [t = 0 03;p = 0 49]) The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) also showed no difference before the program (M = 72 6, SD = 9 8) compared to after the program (M = 72 9, SD = 9 9 [t = –0 097;p = 0 46]) In addition, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) showed no differences from pre- (M = 9 2, SD = 4 6) to postprogram (M = 10 1, SD = 6 2 [t = –0 49;p = 0 32]) Controlling for sex and ethnicity did not change the results for all 3 measures Conclusions: This study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a yoga-based psychoeducation program in schools with positive student feedback However, there were no significant differences in outcome measures before and after the program The discrepancy between the participants’ feedback and the lack of significant changes in outcome measures may be attributable to a couple factors, including the possible impact of COVID-19 and the participant group being a healthy population For future studies, we recommend a larger sample size with a control group We also recommend considering repeating the program with a clinical population with a screening process or using measures more specific for healthy populations CAM, SC, WL

Culturally Relevant Resilience: A Psychometric Meta-Analysis of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM).

Measuring key components of resilience is vital for understanding cross-cultural dynamics among youth and the environment. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) was developed as a cross-cultural measure of resilience and has been used globally. To examine the cross-cultural utility of the CYRM-28, we conducted a systematic review of the literature reporting on the psychometric properties of the measure. Using data representing six countries (N=6,232) that were supplied from authors of the studies reviewed, a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was also conducted to estimate the variability of the measurement properties among communities, ages, and sex. Results indicate that the literature generally did not include reliability and validity information for the instrument. From the multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, the measure was invariant between adolescent age-groups and sexes but not across communities.

Predictive Impact of Resilience on Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders

Adolescents with high functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are highly vulnerable to depressive symptoms (DS) and a range of mental health problems compared to their typically developing peers. It is not known whether resilience can influence DS in adolescents with high functioning ASD. This study sought to find out the link between resilience and DS in a sample of adolescents with high functioning ASD in Nigeria. The study is a quantitative correlation study of in-school adolescents with high functioning ASD. 68 adolescents with high functioning ASD from 20 inclusive education schools participated in the study. Data were collected using self report versions of Child and Youth resilience Measure (CYRM-SR) and Children’s Depression Inventory second edition (CDI-2: SR). Findings showed that total resilience score is a strong negative predictor of DS in adolescents with high functioning ASD (B=-.93; β=-.77; t=-4.20; p=.000). Specifically, individual capacities subscale (B=-2.20; β=-.77;t=-8.39;p=.000), Primary caregivers resources subscale (B=-1.98; β=-.69; t=-7.49; p=.000); and Contextual factors subscale (B=-2.02; β=-.62; t=-8.38; p=.000) predicted overall depressive symptoms (Total DS score) negatively and significantly. It was concluded that DS among adolescents with high functioning ASD can be reduced through developing resilience skills among them. Parents, special Educators and all stakeholders should intensify efforts in building resilience in adolescents with high functioning ASD.

Resilience dynamics after interventions made among school children of rural Ethiopia

Objectives of this study are to evaluate the impact of interventions on school children resilience and well-being; assess sensitivity of resilience evaluation tools; and identify shift in resilience among children in poor rural communities of Ethiopia. Qualitative and quantitative data are collected using semi-structured Pre- and Post- Interview Analysis (PIA), child and youth resilience measure (CYRM) and mental health continuum (MHC) questionnaires among the control and intervention groups. The study identified that PIA questions were not sensitive enough to detect all child resilience indicators. Resilience intervention has brought important positive change on most of the resilience indicators. However, no significant improvement observed on problem solving skills, and avoidance of troubling thoughts and feelings. However, the qualitative finding showed that children improved problem solving skill, such as intervening early marriage, avoiding physical abuse, and supporting needy children. In addition, integrated interventions have brought substantial resilience impacts on children school performance, their interaction and social relations. Besides, integration of parents, teachers and community has brought significant change on the result of child resilience and well-being. Younger children under intervention showed lower resilience and well-being score compared to the older ones. Shift of resilience between male and female was observed when compared between the control and intervention groups. In the control communities, female students are more resilience and psychosocial well-being than male students. On the other side, among intervention groups, males showed better resilience than females. This suggests that context specific resilience intervention by gender could be necessary among school children of East Gojjam and similar communities.

The CYRM-R: A Rasch-Validated Revision of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure

ABSTRACTThe Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) is one of the most popular measures of resilience. In this paper, we investigate the CYRM using Rasch analysis to explore and improve its psychometric properties, leading to a more robust measure of resilience.Cross-sectional data were obtained from a questionnaire administered to n = 408 individuals in Canada aged 11-19 who were participating in the Pathways to Resilience study. Rasch analysis was applied to these data, resulting in the production of a 17-item, 2-subscale CYRM-R, consisting of intra/interpersonal and caregiver resilience subscales. The subscales demonstrated good fit to the Rasch model by satisfying requirements of unidimensionality, good fit statistics and internal reliability, and a lack of item bias and problematic local dependency. The person separation indices also indicated that the subscales had good ability to differentiate between individuals of varying levels of resilience. In sum, the CYRM-R is a 2-subscale, 17-item Rasch-validated measure of resilience with robust psychometric properties. This revised measure is recommended for researchers and practitioners who are interested in measuring resilience across diverse cultures and contexts.

Resilience in Context: A Brief and Culturally Grounded Measure for Syrian Refugee and Jordanian Host-Community Adolescents.

Validated measures are needed for assessing resilience in conflict settings. An Arabic version of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) was developed and tested in Jordan. Following qualitative work, surveys were implemented with male/female, refugee/nonrefugee samples (N = 603, 11–18 years). Confirmatory factor analyses tested three‐factor structures for 28‐ and 12‐item CYRMs and measurement equivalence across groups. CYRM‐12 showed measurement reliability and face, content, construct (comparative fit index = .92–.98), and convergent validity. Gender‐differentiated item loadings reflected resource access and social responsibilities. Resilience scores were inversely associated with mental health symptoms, and for Syrian refugees were unrelated to lifetime trauma exposure. In assessing individual, family, and community‐level dimensions of resilience, the CYRM is a useful measure for research and practice with refugee and host‐community youth.

Validation of the Chinese Version of the 12-Item Child and Youth Resilience Measure

Recent reviews call for developing methodologically sound measures of child and youth resilience. Taking into account cultural dynamics, Ungar and colleagues developed the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM). Validation of the CRYM beyond the English-speaking context is limited. This study validates the simplified Chinese version of the 12-item CYRM. First, through a meticulous process of translation and back-translation, the language appropriateness of the simplified Chinese11Simplified Chinese is officially used in Mainland China and Singapore while traditional Chinese is officially used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. version of the CYRM-12 was ensured. Second, a sample of 437 Grades Four to Nine students was drawn from two provinces in China. Cronbach's alpha of the translated CYRM-12 obtained from this sample is 0.92. Exploratory Factor Analysis results in a one-factor solution, explaining 54.26% of the variance of the 12 translated items. Next, a second sample of 2632 Grades Four to Nine students was drawn from seven provinces. Confirmatory Factor Analysis validates a one-factor, 12-item measurement model (CFI=0.96, IFI=0.96, NFI=0.95, RFI=0.94, TLI=0.95, RMSEA=0.06). Finally, multiple group analysis was conducted to test the measurement invariance of the translated CYRM-12.

Mapping resilience: Analyses of measures and suggested uses in music therapy

Resilience – which is a process and capacity for adaptation when experiencing adverse life circumstances or cumulative stress – seems to be a particularly relevant for music therapists. However, there are challenges when assessing resilience. We screened sources (N=307) and identified seven scales that provide a quantitative measure of the degree of resilience: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM), Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA), Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS), Resilience Scale (RS), Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ). We reviewed each scale, identified salient psychometric properties, and drew conclusions about practical uses in music therapy (screening, profiling for intervention, and measuring effects of treatment). Music therapists strive to promote clients’ wellbeing and resilience measurement instruments may provide a way of screening, profiling for intervention, or establishing specific research protocols that target strength-based competencies. These measures, however, may only provide a snapshot of the total variables that may affect responses to treatment since adaptation is only relevant within the broad community systems in which each individual belongs.

Relationship between Forgiveness, Gratitude and Resilience among the Adolescents

Role of positive psychology is to nurture values and strengths in individuals and society. Forgiveness trait of temperance, and Gratitude trait of transcendence, are criteria of character strength (Christopher Peterson, Martin Seligman, 2004). Resilience is the ability to spring back from adversity and successfully adapt to any situation. These three traits play a significant role in deriving satisfaction and making life meaningful. These values need to be nurtured in children from the beginning. Hence, the objective of the present study was to assess forgiveness, gratitude and resilience among the adolescents and find out the strength of their inter-relationship. The sample consisted of 150 Grade XI students from the schools of Delhi. The tools used were Heartland Forgiveness Scale by Thompson et al., 2005, Gratitude Questionnaire-six item form by McCullough et al., 2002, and Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) by Ungar and Liebenberg (2011). These tools have been used in various studies in the Indian context. The statistical analysis showed a correlation of 0.23 between forgiveness and resilience, a correlation of 0.27 between gratitude and resilience and a correlation of 0.24 between forgiveness and gratitude. Though the correlation values were low, they were found to be significant. Interestingly, school-wise analysis showed different results for different schools; thus indicating a probable role played by the school environment, and socio-economic status of the students. Further, gender difference was seen with regard to gratitude having more correlation with resilience in case of girls; whereas forgiveness was related more to resilience in case of boys. Further study is suggested taking into account the above variables.

Swimming Upstream in the Midst of Adversity: Exploring Resilience-Enablers among Street Children

Street children are viewed from the medical perspective that focuses on what is wrong in them and the charity perspective that focuses on rescuing them from the hardships that characterise street life. These perspectives consider street children to be physically and psychosocially vulnerable to the development of psychopathology. The strengths and assets that enable street children to cope resiliently in the midst of adversity are often overlooked. This paper presents the results of a quantitative study that focused on unearthing the assets and strengths that enhance wellbeing among street children in spite of adversity. Twenty street children took part in this study and they completed the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) that the researcher used to collect data. The results show that street children coped with their lives due to individual, relational, community and cultural processes. These results challenge researchers and mental health-care workers to be alert to resilience enablers in the context of streetism.

Cognitive contributors to resilience in youth from underserved populations: A brief report

Purpose – The study is a preliminary attempt to identify cognitive factors (e.g., executive functions and intelligence) promoting resilience in youth in an underprivileged population. Sample consisted of 26 adolescents (seven female, 19 male) between the ages of 13 and 19 years (M=16.62, SD=1.53) from an underserved population who live in circumstances of poverty and family dysfunction and who had experienced multiple traumas. Design/methodology/approach – Resilience was measured with the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM)-28. Intelligence, working memory, and information processing speed were the cognitive factors of interest. Socioeconomic status was the environmental factor in interest. Findings – The protective factors (i.e. individual skills, relationship with caregivers and contextual factors) promoting resilience were correlated with cognitive factors. Further analyses yielded gender differences in these relations. Originality/value – Long-held beliefs that intelligence is positively associated with resilience are brought into question by these findings. The relationship between these concepts seems to differ in accordance with socioeconomic status.