Child Abuse Neglect Research Articles

Violence outcomes in later adolescence with the Good School Toolkit-Primary: a nonrandomized controlled trial in Uganda

BackgroundWe sought to determine whether the Good School Toolkit-Primary violence prevention intervention was associated with reduced victimisation and perpetration of peer and intimate partner violence four years later, and if any associations were moderated by sex and early adolescent: family connectedness, socio-economic status, and experience of violence outside of school.MethodsDrawing on schools involved in a randomised controlled trial of the intervention, we used a quasi-experimental design to compare violence outcomes between those who received the intervention during our trial (n = 1388), and those who did not receive the intervention during or after the trial (n = 522). Data were collected in 2014 (mean age 13.4, SD 1.5 years) from participants in 42 schools in Luwero District, Uganda, and 2018/19 from the same participants both in and out of school (mean age 18, SD: 1.77 years). We compared children who received the Good School Toolkit-Primary, a whole school violence prevention intervention, during a randomised controlled trial, to those who did not receive the intervention during or after the trial. Outcomes were measured using items adapted from the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool-Child Institutional. We used mixed-effect multivariable logistic regression, with school fitted as a random-effect to account for clustering.Results1910 adolescents aged about 16–19 years old were included in our analysis. We found no evidence of an average long-term intervention effect on our primary outcome, peer violence victimization at follow-up (aOR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.59–1.11); or for any secondary outcome. However, exposure to the intervention was associated with: later reductions in peer violence, for adolescents with high family connectedness (aOR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.99), but not for those with low family connectedness (aOR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.6; p-interaction = 0.06); and reduced later intimate partner violence perpetration among males with high socio-economic status (aOR = 0.32, 95%CI 0.11 to 0.90), but not low socio-economic status (aOR = 1.01 95%CI 0.37 to 2.76, p-interaction = 0.05).ConclusionsYoung adolescents in connected families and with higher socio-economic status may be better equipped to transfer violence prevention skills from primary school to new relationships as they get older.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT01678846, registration date 24 August 2012.Protocol for this paper: https://www.researchprotocols.org/2020/12/e20940.

Qatari mothers’ beliefs in child disciplinary methods and their reported use: A cross‐sectional study

AbstractViolent child discipline is a widespread phenomenon that can have devastating short‐ and long‐term consequences for an individual's physical, mental and social wellbeing. Parents' beliefs and expressed ideas about child discipline, both violent and non‐violent, can differ from their practice. This study identifies which disciplinary methods Qatari mothers believe to be the most successful in changing their child's behaviour and compares them to the ones they report actually using. Using a cross‐sectional design, a representative sample of Qatari mothers completed an anonymous standardised questionnaire, the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool for Parents. The majority (96.9 per cent) of Qatari mothers reported believing in non‐violent disciplinary methods (NVDMs) in changing their child's behaviour and those believing only in such methods are more likely to use only them compared to those mothers believing in a mixture of methods (30.9 vs. 6.7 per cent, chi‐squared value [𝜒2] = 83.5, P value <0.001). Still, 44.9 and 5.2 per cent of Qatari mothers believing in only NVDMs also used at least one moderate and one severe physical method, respectively. Much public education is needed to increase Qatari mothers' awareness in of the benefits of NVDMs, to foster a belief in their efficacy and to support using them.

A chain multiple mediation model reveals the association between abuse and depression in Chinese adolescents.

Depression is a common mental disorder in Chinese adolescents. Identifying its risk factors will facilitate early prevention. As abuse is reported to be a great risk factor of depression, it is necessary to identify factors mediating the relation between abuse and depression. This study aims to investigate the association between abuse and depression by investigating the mediating role of academic stress, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety to offer insights for depression prevention. We investigated adolescents in urban and rural areas in Wansheng District of Chongqing city in China. This study included a total of 14,108 students from secondary and primary schools, among whom 7,086 were men (50.2%) and 7,022 were women (49.8%). The participants aged from 11 to 17 with an average age of 13.58 (M = 13.58, SD = 1.86). A questionnaire survey was conducted among the participants between October and December in 2020. The following questionnaires were adopted: DSM-5 Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents, DSM-5 Severity Measure for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, The International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool, DSM-5 Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia), and Study Stress Scale. The lifetime prevalence of abuse was high in Chinese adolescents. The direct effect value from abuse to depression was 0.05, the total mediating effect value was 0.14, and the overall effect value was 0.19. According to the mediating effect analysis, the direct and indirect effects from abuse to depression were significant, and the mediating effect accounted for 73.68% of the total effect, suggesting that 73.68% of the effects of abuse to depression are mediated by academic stress, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety. Academic stress, social anxiety and generalized anxiety play a chain multiple mediating role in the association between abuse and depression, which sheds light on the prevention of depression in the future.

A Systematic Review of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Compassion Fatigue in Teachers.

When teachers care for children with trauma histories, they are at risk of developing compassion fatigue (CF), or a reduced empathic capacity (Hupe and Stevenson in J Child Custody Res Issues Pract 16(4):364–386, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/15379418.2019.1663334). They may also develop secondary traumatic stress (STS), a secondary condition resulting from a person learning about details of a traumatic event experienced by someone in their care (Essary et al. in Kappa Delta Pi Record 56(3):116–121, 2020). While CF and STS have been studied widely in healthcare and mental health professionals (Baird and Kracen in Couns Psychol Q 19(2):181–188, 2006; Caringi et al. in Adv Sch Ment Health Promot 8(4):244–256, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1080/1754730X.2015.1080123; Cieslak et al. in Psychol Serv 11(1):75–86, 2014), STS and CF have been understudied in the teaching profession (Caringi et al., 2015; Christian-Brandt et al. in Child Abuse Neglect 110(3):104437, 2020; Hupe & Stevenson, 2019). As such, we sought to complete a systematic review of the literature to answer two questions: (1) To what extent are CF and STS being studied in teachers?; and (2) How have CF and STS been studied in teachers? Qualitative data analysis led to the emergence of four themes across all included studies: (1) conceptualization of CF and STS; (2) teachers are at risk of developing CF and STS; (3) varying approaches can mitigate the risk of CF and STS in teachers; and (4) there is limited research on CF and STS in teachers. Limitations and directions for future research and practice are described.

ФЕНОМЕН БАТЬКІВСЬКОГО ВИГОРАННЯ ЯК ПРЕДМЕТ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ

ФЕНОМЕН БАТЬКІВСЬКОГО ВИГОРАННЯ ЯК ПРЕДМЕТ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ

Safeguarding Children and Young People During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Safeguarding Children and Young People During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Prevalence of Child Abuse Among the University Students: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in University of the Punjab, Pakistan.

There is dearth of data regarding child abuse in Islamic Republic of Pakistan due to the strong taboo about discussing the child abuse. This is pioneering study aimed to providing the estimates on the prevalence of child abuse in Pakistan. This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study on the prevalence of child abuse using simple random sampling. The study was conducted using standardized International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect tool International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tools Retrospective version. Data were collected from 274 students of 4-year BS program in the University of the Punjab, Lahore. According to the findings, physical abuse has the highest rate 57% (46% females and 68% males) of prevalence. Emotional abuse is the second highest form of abuse with 53% prevalence rate (54% females and 53% males). Among the other forms neglect is 40% (40% females and 40% males) and 41% respondents (39% females and 44% males) disclosed being sexually abused. Most frequently reported category of the perpetrator according to the findings of this study are the parents (20%) followed by friends (16%) and teachers (14%). Single year with highest report of all forms of abuse is 12th year, and the age span with maximum occurrence of abuse is from 10 to 15 years for all forms of abuse. Microsoft Excel was used for data processing and interpretation.

Reducing Physical Violence Toward Primary School Students With Disabilities

PurposeWe tested whether the Good School Toolkit reduces physical violence from peers and school staff toward students with and without disabilities in Ugandan primary schools. MethodsWe conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial, with data collected via cross-sectional surveys in 2012 and 2014. Forty-two primary schools in Luwero District, Uganda, were randomly assigned to receive the Good School Toolkit for 18 months, or to a waitlisted control group. The primary outcome was past week physical violence from school staff, measured by primary 5, 6, and 7 students' (aged 11–14 years) self-reports using the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool-Child Institutional. Disability was assessed through the six Short Set Washington Group questions on functioning. Analyses were by intention to treat. ResultsAt endline, 53% of control group students with no functional difficulties reported violence from peers or school staff, versus 84% of students with a disability. Prevalence of past week physical violence from school staff was lower in intervention schools than in the control schools after the intervention, in students with no functional difficulties (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = .41, 95% confidence interval [CI .26–.65]), students with some functional difficulties (aOR = .36, 95% CI .21–.63), and students with disabilities (aOR = .29, 95% CI .14–.59). The intervention also reduced violence from peers in young adolescents, with no evidence of a difference in effect by disability status. ConclusionsThe Good School Toolkit is an effective intervention to reduce violence perpetrated by peers and school staff against young adolescents with disabilities in Ugandan primary schools.

Witnessing intimate partner violence and child maltreatment in Ugandan children: a cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesExisting evidence, mainly from high-income countries, shows children who witness intimate partner violence (IPV) at home are more likely to experience other forms of violence, but very little evidence is...

Patterns and predictors of violence against children in Uganda: a latent class analysis

ObjectiveTo explore patterns of physical, emotional and sexual violence against Ugandan children.DesignLatent class and multinomial logistic regression analysis of cross-sectional data.SettingLuwero District, Uganda.ParticipantsIn all, 3706 primary 5, 6 and 7...

Systematic reviews about child abuse and neglect in last 10 years

In this study, we aimed to determine the level of available information and gaps which are related to child abuse and neglect in last ten tears. Literature review made on systematic reviews and meta-analysis in Pubmed database that has the “ Child abuse and neglect” or “Child maltreatment” keywords. Studies published in English through 1st January 2005- 31th March 2015 were reviewed. Totally 112 article were resulted in the search but only 101 of them were full text and also 59 systematic review excluded in the study. 42 articles were examined which are matching the criterias. Articles were classified according to subjects of the articles (identification, prevention, intervention, identification of the relationships, and others), types of child abuse-neglect (physical, emotional, sexual and others). Although we reached the systematic reviews related to child neglect and all types of child abuse, systematic reviews about emotional and sexual abuse are inadequate. The studies about intervention and identification of relations are insufficient. We observed the gap in the literature, in this direction. Child abuse and neglect regardless of the kind; create irreversible trauma and also leads to problems in the child's adulthood. Therefore; identification and prevention is a priority, If prevention is impossible; it is a quite vital importance to intervent as soon as possible. Despite the achievement of systematic compilation associated with child neglect and abuse; especially intervention studies about emotional and sexual abuse were found as inadequate.

Child abuse/neglect risk assessment under field practice conditions: Tests of external and temporal validity and comparison with heart disease prediction

Objectives(1) Identify validation design and accuracy assessment standards for medical prognostic models applicable to evaluation of child abuse/neglect (CA/N) risk assessment models. (2) Assess the accuracy of the California Family Risk Assessment (CFRA) in predicting CA/N using the foregoing standards. (3) Compare the prediction accuracy of the CFRA with the prediction accuracy of coronary heart disease (CHD) prediction models. Questions addressed(1) What validation design and accuracy assessment standards are used to evaluate medical prognostic models? (2) What is the evidence for the accuracy of the CFRA using those standards? (3) How does the accuracy of the CFRA in predicting CA/N compare with the accuracy of CHD prediction models, which are a reasonable exemplar for the CA/N prediction effort? MethodAn external validation sample of 236 California reports of CA/N from San Luis Obispo and Sutter counties, and a larger temporal validation sample of 6307 California reports from Orange, Los Angeles, and Humboldt counties were investigated and assessed with the CFRA by line child welfare staff and were followed prospectively statewide for two years to discover reported, substantiated CA/N in any California county. CFRA accuracy in predicting substantiated CA/N was assessed by calibration and discrimination. Calibration was measured as the ratio of predicted to observed cases of CA/N seen during follow-up, with a ratio of 1.0 registering perfect calibration. Discrimination was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), with values from .60 to .85 found typical for medical prognostic models. CHD prediction literature was reviewed to acquire values of these accuracy measures for CHD prediction models. CFRA CA/N prediction accuracy and CHD prediction accuracy were then compared. ResultsFindings from external and temporal validation samples support the accuracy of CFRA prediction of CA/N. CFRA accuracy in predicting CA/N compared well with CHD prediction accuracy: (1) in the external validation sample, 43.42 CA/N cases were predicted during follow-up and 47 were observed, with consequent 7.6% deviation from perfect calibration. (2) In the temporal validation sample 857.49 CA/N cases were predicted and 801 were observed, with 7.1% deviation from perfect calibration. (3) The best performing of 20 Framingham CHD prediction models identified by systematic literature review predicted 222 CHD cases and 206 were observed, with 7.8% deviation from perfect calibration. (3) The CFRA external and temporal validation sample AUCs were .74 and .64, respectively. (4) For 26 CHD prediction cohorts found by literature review, the AUC mean and median values were .72 and .71, respectively, with a range from .60 to .84. Conclusions/practice implications(1) External and temporal validation results support the accuracy of the CFRA. (2) CFRA CA/N prediction accuracy parity with that for CHD prediction is encouraging, suggesting that wide use of the CFRA, properly implemented, could improve risk assessment accuracy in child protection. (3) Findings underline the importance of ensuring that no risk assessment model or method, including actuarial and consensus models and clinical judgment, is used in the field unless it has passed a test of external, or at least temporal validation.

부모의 방임 및 학대, 교사에 대한 친밀감과 또래애착이 초등학생의 심리·사회적 부적응에 미치는 영향 : 초등학생의 성차를 중심으로

This study aimed to investigate how child neglect abuse by parents, children's intimacy with teachers and peer attachment influenced boys' and girls' psycho-social maladjustment(aggression, social withdrawal and depression). The subjects were 2,264 elementary school students(boys: 1,180, girls: 1,084) in upper grades participating in the Korea Child Youth Panel Surveys. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlations and hierarchical regressions. The main results of this study were as follows. Firstly, regardless of children's sex, as child abuse levels by parents are higher, so children's aggression levels are higher. Also, children's intimacy with teachers and peer attachment moderated the effects of child neglect abuse by parents on both boys' and girls' aggression. But the patters of moderating effects were differed in children's sex. Secondly, child neglect abuse by parents didn't influence boys' and girls' social withdrawal and boys' peer attachment moderated the effects of child neglect by parents on boys' social withdrawal. Finally, child abuse by parents strongly influenced boys' depression, but child neglect by parents strongly influenced girls' depression. Also, there were no moderating effects of children's intimacy with teachers and peer attachment on the relation between child abuse neglect by parents, and boys' and girls' depression.

School Violence, Mental Health, and Educational Performance in Uganda

Violence against children from school staff is anecdotally common in low- and middle-income countries, but data on prevalence and associations with mental health and educational outcomes are lacking. We report data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in June and July 2012 in Luwero District, Uganda. Forty-two primary schools representing 80% of students in the district were randomly selected; 100% agreed to participate. The International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool-Child Institutional; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; and reading, spelling, and math tests were administered. We present descriptive statistics and logistic regression models, accounting for the complex sampling scheme used in the survey. We surveyed 3706 students and 577 school staff members; 93.3% (SE 1.0%) of boys and 94.2% (SE 1.6%) of girls attending primary school reported lifetime experience of physical violence from a school staff member, and >50% reported experience in the past week. Past-week physical violence was associated with increased odds of poor mental health and, for girls, double the odds of poor educational performance (adjusted odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.19-2.66). For boys, significant interactions were present. Despite a ban on corporal punishment in Ugandan schools since 1997, the use of violence against students is widespread and associated with poor mental health and educational performance. School violence may be an important but overlooked contributor to disease burden and poor educational performance in low- and middle-income settings.

A social work study on parents’ income and personal characteristics and child abuse: A case study of city of Esfahan

Article history: Received October 9, 2012 Received in revised format 29 November 2012 Accepted 27 December 2012 Available online January 4 2013 Child abuse is one of the most important issues in any society and any action to detect influencing factors could help take possible actions on its prevention. In this paper, we present an empirical study to find the impact of family income, occupation, size, age, education and drug addiction on growth of child abuse. The study uses a sample of 450 female students who were enrolled on guided schools in city of Esfahan, Iran. The study chooses 5 classes and in each school and 10 students are randomly selected. A questionnaire is designed and distributed among the sample people, which is categorized in four groups of physical, sexual, emotional and neglect child abuse. The results are analyzed using different tests including Pearson correlation test, Chi-Square, etc. to test different hypotheses. The results of our survey indicate that there are some meaningful relationships between different family characteristics including age, occupation, family size, educational background, and drug-addiction and child abuse. However, our survey does not provide any evidence to believe there is any relationship between home status and child abuse risk. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

1544 Socioeconomic Status Lower Levels of Parental Knowledge about Child Abuse, Neglect, Experiences and Discipline Methods used

AimThe purpose of this study is families with low socioeconomic status to determine level of knowledge about child abuse and neglect, experiences, disciplinary methods used by children of families and...

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

1. Patrick Brown, MD 2. Cheryl Tierney, MD, MPH 1. Baystate Medical Center Springfield, Mass Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000:781– 783 Beyond Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Identification and Treatment of Child Abuse in a Medical Setting. Stirling J and the Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. Pediatrics. 2007;119 :1026– 1030[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Hettler J. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2002;18 :371– 374[OpenUrl][3][CrossRef][4][PubMed][5][Web of Science][6] Different Interpretations of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Meadow R. Child Abuse Neglect. 2002;26 :501– 508[OpenUrl][7][CrossRef][8][PubMed][9][Web of Science][10] The term Munchausen syndrome has long been recognized in adult patients who fabricate symptoms for the purpose of adopting the sick role and submitting themselves to unnecessary medical procedures. In pediatrics, this condition takes a different spin when a parent presents with a story of symptoms in his or her child, who then becomes the focus of medical investigation. Because the patient is not directing the signs and symptoms of the condition, the name of this condition is Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP). MSBP was introduced in the medical literature in 1977 by … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPediatrics%26rft.stitle%253DPediatrics%26rft.issn%253D0031-4005%26rft.aulast%253DStirling%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%26rft.volume%253D119%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D1026%26rft.epage%253D1030%26rft.atitle%253DBeyond%2BMunchausen%2BSyndrome%2Bby%2BProxy%253A%2BIdentification%2Band%2BTreatment%2Bof%2BChild%2BAbuse%2Bin%2Ba%2BMedical%2BSetting%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1542%252Fpeds.2007-0563%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F17473106%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=pediatrics&resid=119/5/1026&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F30%2F10%2F414.atom [3]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPediatric%2Bemergency%2Bcare%26rft.stitle%253DPediatr%2BEmerg%2BCare%26rft.aulast%253DHettler%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%26rft.volume%253D18%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D371%26rft.epage%253D374%26rft.atitle%253DMunchausen%2Bsyndrome%2Bby%2Bproxy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1097%252F00006565-200210000-00012%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12395011%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1097/00006565-200210000-00012&link_type=DOI [5]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12395011&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F30%2F10%2F414.atom [6]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000178625100011&link_type=ISI [7]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DChild%2Babuse%2B%2526%2Bneglect%26rft.stitle%253DChild%2BAbuse%2BNegl%26rft.aulast%253DMeadow%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%26rft.volume%253D26%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D501%26rft.epage%253D508%26rft.atitle%253DDifferent%2Binterpretations%2Bof%2BMunchausen%2BSyndrome%2Bby%2BProxy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0145-2134%252802%252900326-5%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12079086%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [8]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00326-5&link_type=DOI [9]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12079086&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F30%2F10%2F414.atom [10]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000175949600006&link_type=ISI

Framing the child at risk

Risk Assessment Reports are one form of accounting practice which delineate the space of risk considered in a child abuse neglect investigation. The paper analyses two Risk Assessment Reports, contrasting what is reported, what is directly observed and what is hypothesized and implied by child protection practitioners during the assessment of risk. From an analysis of these two reports (each 4 – 5 pages long), the paper identifies the rhetorical strategies and their realizations used by two practitioners in framing the child at risk. The paper problematizes the tension between the institutional need to constrain the exercise of professional judgement through Risk Assessment Models, and the extent to which practitioners actually localize the framing of risk to specific areas of investigation.

Do allegations of emotional maltreatment predict developmental outcomes beyond that of other forms of maltreatment?

Objectives: To understand the features of child abuse/neglect (CA/N) allegations in cases with emotional maltreatment (EMT) allegations, as well as the features of the EMT allegations themselves, and to describe any associations of EMT with distinct impairments of children's behavior, emotion and functioning. Method: The sample consisted of 806 high-risk children, 545 with one or more maltreatment reports to CPS. The Maltreatment Classification System was used to record the number and severity levels of maltreatment allegations, which compared cases with and without EMT. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using 10 outcome scales from the Child Behavior Checklist, Vineland Screener, and Trauma Symptom Checklist. Successive blocks of predictor variables included demographics, maltreatment classification variables, maternal and family characteristics, and study site. Results: When there were allegations of EMT as well as CA/N in a CPS case-record (by age 8), the CA/N allegations tended to be either more frequent or less severe than those kinds of allegations in cases without EMT. When neglect was alleged to occur with EMT, neglect allegations outnumbered allegations of EMT. However, when sexual abuse allegations were accompanied by EMT allegations, there were more EMT allegations than sexual abuse allegations in the cases. Higher severity ratings for EMT allegations than for physical abuse occurred when cases included any abuse. Distinctive effects of EMT subtypes were found between problems of safety/restriction and self-reported anger symptoms, and between problems of self-esteem/autonomy and posttraumatic stress. Conclusion: Differences exist between the CA/N allegations in cases with and without EMT. Having few cases containing only EMT allegations made it difficult to assess distinctive harm associated with EMT. Certain types of EMT allegations were associated with increases in children's anger and posttraumatic stress.

The Co-Occurrence of Child Abuse and Domestic Violence: An Issue of Service Delivery for Social Service Professionals

In order to add to the growing literature on intergenerational rates of family violence, data were collected from a community-based child abuse agency. The study's purpose was to compare the co-occurrence of child abuse/neglect (CAN) and domestic violence (DV), and the prevalence of CAN and parent's childhood history of abuse. Data were collected from 537 families through intake and subsequent interviews in an attempt to determine the relationship among CAN and DV, and CAN and parent's childhood history of abuse. A chi-square analysis indicated significant relationships among these variables. Of the participants in this sample, 48.9% had experienced both CAN and DV. These results also indicated that 66.3% of participants had a childhood history of CAN and were currently experiencing issues of CAN with their own children. Logistic regression was utilized to examine whether families involved with Child Protective Services (CPS) were at higher risk for DV and/or parental childhood history of CAN. The results indicate that CPS-involved families were approximately three times as likely to have a parent reporting a childhood history of CAN but were not at significantly higher odds for DV. Implications for service delivery are discussed.