Police Chief Research Articles

A higher education approach to active shooter incidents: Evidence from 40 United States university campuses.

In a post-9/11 environment with an increased United States (US) federal government emphasis on active shooter preparedness, this study seeks to understand how higher educational institutions have adapted to this changing policy environment. Furthermore, between 2000 and 2017, there were 15 active shooter incidents at US higher education institutions. This study provides data on how public and private higher education campuses are preparing for this increased active shooter threat. Interviews were conducted with higher education employees familiar with campus security policies from 40 higher education institutions across 18 states in the US. These colleges/universities also represented a range of institution type: community colleges (5), public institutions (9), and private institutions (26). Interviews were conducted with 18 Chief/Director of Campus Safety/Security, 14 members of campus police or security, seven Chiefs of Police, and one staff member familiar with campus security policies.

TRACING THE MEANING OF RASTRA SEWAKOTTAMA'S PHILOSOPHY AS A TOOL FOR CONTROLLING VIOLATIONS IN POLICE MANAGEMENT (STUDY AT PALOPO CITY POLICE STATION)

This study aims to reveal the meaning of Rasta Sewakottama in human resource management at Palopo City Police Station. Using qualitative phenomenological methods, this research found that to improve organizational performance, reduce violations of laws and violations of the code of ethics required collective awareness, a sense of responsibility, respect for differences and self-development. This can be achieved optimally by the example of the leader and the ability of the Human Resources unit to place personnel. Formation is done through weekly activities such as spiritual guidance and counseling. In addition, optimization of information systems is used by the National Police to monitor the performance of each personnel. The meaning of the philosophy of Rasta Sewakottama according to the Palopo City Police Chief is the deepest awareness of all police members to carry out state duties as guardians of public order and security. Through this personal awareness, the potential for violating the code of ethics and other violations of the law can be minimized. 

탐정업의 구체적 실현 방안에 관한 논의

This research was conducted to derive discussions on the concrete implementation strategies based on the consensus in the academic community about the necessity of the detective industry, which has been ongoing for a long time. To achieve the research objectives, a review of three bills pending in the current 21st National Assembly was conducted, and the case of Japan, which has implemented detective legislation ahead of us, was examined. Through this, the following conclusions were drawn. Firstly, provisions regarding the scope of business under exceptional prohibitionism; secondly, limitations on the discretion of the police chief according to the granularity and importance of violations subject to administrative disposition; thirdly, delegation of authority on committee composition; fourthly, establishment of provisions to ensure the effectiveness of refusal of registration due to physical or mental disabilities; fifthly, avoidance of excessive legislation on breaches of detective obligations. However, there are limitations to the research as specific methodologies have not been derived at the detailed level, and only rough directions for specific alternatives can be provided. Nevertheless, the significance of this research lies in the fact that it can be utilized as a reference in future bill drafting and can serve as a starting point for in-depth discussions on some of the alternatives proposed in this study.

PROTECTION AND JUSTICE CONCEPTS FOR MEMBERS OF INDONESIAN POLICE AS NARCOTICS ABUSERS IN LINE WITH STATE OF LAW

Background: Drug or narcotic abuse is not only perpetrated by ordinary people but is often experienced by police officers. The law enforcement process applied to the public is generally different from the victims of abuse among police officers. People are more often rehabilitated, but police officers tend to resign disrespectfully. The law used is the same as the Law Number 35, 2009 on Narcotic. The non-treatment of the principle of equality before the law attracts a comprehensive study. Objective: The study aims to study and analyze justice for the victims of drug abuse police. Theoretical framework: To further consolidate the position and the implementation of Polri's duties as an integral part of the reform, the Police has been unified in Act No. 2 of 2002 on the Police of the Republic of Indonesia which sets out the functions, purposes, roles, arrangements, positions, membership, and formation of the profession. Particularly related to the training of the profession is regulated in Articles 31 to 36 which state that the official of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia in carrying out their duties and authority must have the ability of the professional through the training profession. The foreign regulation relating to the Disrespectful Cessation of Drug Abuse is inconsistent with the Narcotics Act because it does not treat the general public equally with the police. It is advised to the police chief that the police officers who have committed drug abuse be rehabilitated so that they can return to being good human beings and free from drug use. Method: This research uses a method of normative jurisprudence with the primary legal sources of the Narcotic Drugs Act and Police Regulation Number 7 of 2022. Secondary legal materials are obtained through books, journals, and research results.

The Role of Managerial Social Capital Head of Police Sector in Strengthening the Influence of Human Capital Leaders on Human Relations

Purpose - Leader human capital in the police sector refers to a leader with the knowledge, skills, and experience to develop and use human resources. Police leaders face a daunting task in developing human capital and turning it into organizational learning. This study examines the interplay between human capital and social capital, how it impacts human relationships, and the effectiveness of public security and order. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses a quantitative approach, using a survey method, with the unit of analysis being the Police Sector and using multisource data sources, with a total sample of 82 respondents. Data collection for this study used a questionnaire with self-reported data. Findings – This research found that the police chief's social capital management strengthens his human capital's influence on human connections. This suggests that the police chief's human capital and capacity can develop relationships. The test results also reveal that human relations affect police security and social services. The test results demonstrate that human capital does not improve police security and social services. Testing this model shows that human capital affects public security and order more effectively through human relations. Originality/Value - This study investigates the interplay between social and human capital, focusing on their impact on security effectiveness and human relations within the Police as a command organization. Policy Implication - Investing in human resource development and promoting strong human connections within the police sector is crucial to enhance the efficacy of security and social services.

A Summer of Protest: Using Event System Theory To Test an Intersectional Leadership Advantage

Widespread social unrest occurred in the United States in the Summer of 2020. Citizens took to the streets to challenge the prevailing social justice framework. According to event systemstheory, these Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests were high-strength, as they represented novel, critical, and disruptive events. They were also mega-threats as they focused on threats to the social identities of the marginalized communities. Because different approaches were taken in navigating the BLM protests by authorities, it was unclear what constitutes effective leadership during these events. We integrate insights from event-oriented literature with intersectionality of gender and race research to introduce an intersectional leadership advantage (ILA). This framework suggests that Black women, owing in part to the rich tapestry of their social experiences, tend to develop a distinct leadership style characterized by sensitivity to racial injustice, leaning into risk, and commitment to the community. These qualities enable Black women leaders to be effective during events like BLM protests. Utilizing data from six public sources covering 11,540 protests across 3,338 U.S. cities from May to August 2020, we hypothesized an interaction of city police chiefs’ gender and race in relation to protest-related violence (measured in three ways). Results revealed that protests in cities with Black women police chiefs were associated with the lowest levels of violence compared to other groups. This study provides insights into qualities associated with leadership effectiveness in high-strength mega-threat events, and it connects diversity in leadership roles to favorable outcomes.

Construction of Criminal Policies for Handling Football Riots in the Kanjuruhan Tragedy

Even though conflicts between supporters caused the majority of the riots, other factors were no less important. Specifically, those related to the organization of football matches that were not yet professional could not guarantee security or order. The incident at Kanjuruhan Stadium serves as a significant reminder that hosting football matches without prioritizing proper safety measures and collaborative procedures will undoubtedly fail to promote fair competition in line with the principles of organizing sporting events that uphold sportsmanship, fair play, and respect. This paper is compiled through normative research by prioritizing secondary data that focuses on statutory and case approach, which are collected and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results shows that the legal construction used in carrying out security by the Police in the Kanjuruhan Tragedy refers to the Regulation of the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2009 on the Use of Force in Police Action while after the Kanjuruhan Tragedy, the Police compiled a new legal construction, the Republic of Indonesia National Police Regulation Indonesia Number 10 of 2022 on Security for the Implementation of Sports Competitions which can be used specifically in securing the implementation of football in Indonesia

College leadership decisions and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: an elite interview study

Objective This study at a US Native American-serving Nontribal Institution (NASNTI) deeply analyzed collegiate leadership’s responses and experiences during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants Elite interviews were conducted between April and June 2021 with the college president, provost, dean of student engagement, human resources director, and chief of police. Interviewees were purposively selected due to their positions of authority. Methods Each one-hour interview used a semi-structured guide for standardization and was conducted either virtually or in-person while following COVID-19 protocols. The general inductive method was used to identify nodes and categories within the transcripts. Results Six nodes (conceptual domains) and 18 categories were identified. Though there was variability in interviewee emphasis, the respondents described the motivations, drivers, and sentiment behind their decision-making in a transparent way. Conclusions NASNTI leadership reported being able to navigate the pandemic by emphasizing transparency and engaging students, while working alongside the community.

Российская правовая действительность на страницах произведений Н.С. Лескова

The article analyzes the works of the Russian writer N.S. Leskov, which reflects the Russian legal reality. In sharply satirical tones, the author draws a corrupt pre-reform court (“Waster”), images of embezzling government officials — the police chief and the quarterly (“Robbery”), images of nihilist criminals (“On knives”) and gives an example of true service to the Fatherland in the person of the quarterly Ryzhov (“Odnodum”).

자치경찰제의 현황과 개선방안

In order to analyze the operation status of the autonomous police system, we tried to analyze the basic ideology and current status of the Sejong Autonomous Police based on the ideology (necessity) of the autonomous police and suggest the direction of development based on this. First, in terms of democracy (citizen participation), it is implemented in many areas, such as the local police chief's recommendation system, the formation and operation of the “Uteummaru”, the conduct of a circuit meeting of the residents' council, and the operation of the website, but it is necessary to find ways for citizens to actively participate in the operation of the website. Second, in terms of decentralization (providing security services reflecting the characteristics of the region), it operates projects such as building balanced security by improving the environment of crime-prone areas and proactively responding to the changing school violence environment, but it is necessary to develop security service projects that reflect the characteristics of the region. Police statistics show that the rate of special economic crimes is higher than that of other local governments. Population growth is higher than in other regions. Sejong Special Self-Governing City provides security services to respond to relatively young people (Date violence, juvenile crimes, etc.) Third, in terms of political neutrality (representativeness), it is necessary to play a role as a local security service provider that reflects expertise and representativene1ss more by fully considering occupational and career aspects in the composition of the next autonomous police committee.

Reexamination of Multi-level Representation and Critical Mass: The Roles of Black Leadership and Its Relationship With Street-Level Officers in Police Killings

The study’s goal is to examine the multi-level representation in the context of cooperation and support between black police chiefs and street-level officers. Another goal here is to re-examine and propose different critical mass models in policing. The study uses police killing data from 2014 to 2017 in the United States. Using multi-level modeling techniques, the existing critical mass model, which assumes a single threshold, is not supported. Instead, the study finds that the mutual support model is supported, showing that street-level black officers need support from the black chief, while the black chief also needs further support from street-level officers. Simultaneously, it finds that the presence of a black chief shifts the threshold of street-level representation to a lower level, showing a close relationship between mutual support and critical mass due to a similar mechanism. The findings suggest the importance of police leadership.

Understaffed and beleaguered: A national survey of US chiefs of police about the post-George Floyd era

Understaffed and beleaguered: A national survey of US chiefs of police about the post-George Floyd era

Implementasi Metode Simple Additive Weighting pada Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penilaian Kinerja Pegawai di Puslitbang Polri

The National Police Research and Development Center (Puslitbang Polri) is a police institution that operates in the field of research, especially those related to the performance of police and community organizations. Supporting elements in the fields of research, study, implementation and development at the National Police Headquarters level which is under the National Police Chief. In the development process, competent and always motivated Human Resources (HR) are needed, one solution is to create a computerized system to increase employee motivation, namely the best employee assessment decision support system. The process of evaluating the best employees at the National Police Research and Development Center is still carried out conventionally so it is less objective and effective. To overcome this problem, a good system is needed. The aim of this research is to make an assessment of the best employees at the National Police Research and Development Center, because there is no system that can help the Head of the National Police Research and Development Center and the Head of the Human Resources Subdivision to determine the best employee assessment. This research aims to find out the best employees using data from 8 employees at the National Police Research and Development Center. The method used is Simple Addtive Weighting (SAW) with 4 attributes. The results of the research were that 1 was selected as the best employee and received a salary bonus.

Making community policing work: A panacea to crimes and rural conflicts in Nigeria

Abstract In Nigeria, several community development initiatives abound either through the government or donor agencies. Despite all these efforts, little concern has been placed on the security of rural dwellers. This has enabled incessant conflicts in rural communities, leading to the loss of lives and an overall negative effect on food production. This chapter employed different conflict and mediation theories to explain the causes, drivers, and ways to resolve the conflicts. Materials were sourced from top-tier databases, including reports and publications from the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum, and other reliable sources. It found that conflicts in rural communities have resulted in the destruction of lives and livelihood assets, a reduction in crop yield and income, an increase in fear and ethno-religious stereotypes, food shortages and rape. It identified a partial implementation of community policing strategy but noted the centralization of power to the Nigerian Police Force as an impediment to its effectiveness. Worthy approaches to ensuring the effectiveness of community policing strategy as a panacea to crimes and rural conflicts are: constitutional redress; developing programs and needed resources; training and re-training of officers and partners; planning an effective strategy using civilian volunteers; aligning performance measures of officers and partners; demonstrating leadership and taking risks; and making changes to the organization of departments under the community policing structure. However, it recommends operational community policing that incorporates all actors in the states and local governments with reliable legal frameworks for securing the farm and rural farming communities in Nigeria.

ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLIANCE OF IMPLEMENTING PERFORMANCE ALLOWANCES FOR CIVIL SERVANTS AT LEMDIKLAT POLRI WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE CHIEF REGULATION NUMBER 7 OF 2020

The research evaluates the implementation of performance allowance policies for Civil Servants at Lemdiklat Polri (Indonesian National Police Education and Training Institute). The bureaucratic structure effectively supports policy implementation due to Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) from the central authority serving as a reference. However, inter-organizational communication faces obstacles when interacting with employees as the target group. Information about National Police Chief Regulation Number 7 of 2022 and Employee Performance Appraisal (SKP) procedures has not been adequately communicated, leading to discrepancies in performance allowances and SKPs.Insufficient human resources can impact the policy's success, especially in Lemdiklat Polri's Human Resources Department (Bag SDM Rorenmin). However, infrastructure and facilities seem adequate to support policy implementation. Policy implementers still lack a high commitment to their duties as per National Police Chief Regulation Number 7 of 2020. Delays in monthly performance allowance disbursement are common due to tardiness in attendance summaries and processing requests. This reflects that policy commands aren't fully executed by the target group, primarily due to ineffective communication influencing their behaviour. Addressing these challenges is essential to implement performance allowance policies at Lemdiklat Polri successfully.Keywords: Compliance, Performance Allowances and National Police Chief Regulation Number 7 of 2020

Anthony V. Bouza and the Founding of Evidence-Based Policing

Anthony V. Bouza (1928–2023) was a founding father of evidence-based policing. The first police chief to authorize a randomized controlled trial (RCTs) of arrest, he turned the Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) into a “crime lab’’ for what works in policing. In his 9 years as Chief, he sponsored the first RCTs done anywhere on such key topics as hot spot patrols, problem-oriented policing, neighborhood watch, and arrests for misdemeanor domestic assault. He also sponsored the first digital analysis of repeat call addresses, which found that 5% of the street addresses produced 64% of the calls for service (New York Times, Minneapolis study places origins of 911 calls, 1987). Taken together, these research projects formed a critical mass of knowledge for describing evidence-based policing as a framework for police reform (Sherman, Evidence-Based Policing, 1998).

Accuracy and replicability of identifying eyelid tremor as an indicator of recent cannabis smoking

Introduction Cannabis intoxication may increase the risk of motor vehicle crashes. However, reliable methods of assessing cannabis intoxication are limited. The presence of eyelid tremors is among the signs of cannabis use identified under the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program of the International Association of Chiefs of Police. Our objectives were to assess the accuracy and replicability of identifying eyelid tremor as an indicator of recent cannabis smoking using a blinded, controlled study design. Methods Adult subjects (N = 103) were recruited into three groups based on their cannabis use history: daily, occasional, and no current cannabis use. Participants’ closed eyelids were video recorded for 30 seconds by infrared videography goggles before and at a mean ± standard deviation time of 71.4 ± 4.6 minutes after the onset of a 15-minute interval of ad libitum cannabis flower smoking or vaping. Three observers with expertise in neuro-ophthalmology and medical toxicology were trained on exemplar videos of eyelids to reach a consensus on how to grade eyelid tremor. Without knowledge of subjects’ cannabis use history or time point (pre- or post-smoking), observers reviewed each video for eyelid tremor graded as absent, slight, moderate, or severe. During subsequent data analysis, this score was further dichotomized as a consensus score of absent (absent/slight) or present (moderate/severe). Results Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient statistics demonstrated moderate agreement among the coders, which ranged from 0.44–0.45 and 0.58–0.61, respectively. There was no significant association between recent cannabis use and the observers’ consensus assessment that eyelid tremor was present, and cannabis users were less likely to have tremors (odds ratio: 0.75; 95 percent confidence interval: 0.25, 2.40). The assessment of eyelid tremor as an indicator of recent cannabis smoking had a sensitivity of 0.86, specificity of 0.18, and accuracy of 0.64. Discussion Eyelid tremor has fair sensitivity but poor specificity and accuracy for identification of recent cannabis use. Inter-rater reliability for assessment of eyelid tremor was moderate for the presence and degree of tremor. The weak association between recent cannabis use and eyelid tremor does not support its utility in identifying recent cannabis use. Limitations Videos were recorded at only one time point after cannabis use. Adherence to abstinence could not be strictly supervised. Due to regulatory restrictions, we were unable to control the cannabis product used or administer a fixed Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol dose. Participants were predominately non-Hispanic and White. Conclusions In a cohort of participants with a range of cannabis use histories, acute cannabis smoking was not associated with the presence of eyelid tremor, regardless of cannabis use history, at 70 minutes post-smoking. Additional research is needed to identify the presence of eyelid tremor accurately, determine the relationship between cannabis dose and timeline in relation to last cannabis use to eyelid tremor, and determine how it should be, if at all, utilized for cannabis Drug Recognition Evaluator examinations.

When will women chiefs break the brass ceiling without falling off the glass cliff?

Abstract By 2024 women were or had been police chiefs in New York City; Philadelphia; Washington, DC; Atlanta; Houston; Tampa; Seattle, and Portland, OR. They make up about 3% of all chiefs of police. But those who have broken the brass ceiling to become chiefs of police face a glass cliff; they are over-represented in high-risk leadership roles, often in troubled agencies, with an increased chance of failure. This paper documents examples of women who have broken the brass ceiling only to fall off the glass cliff because of events largely outside their ability to control.

The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Crimes in The Province of Isabela

This paper focuses on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on crimes, particularly on the prevailing crimes, crime trends, crime schemes or commissions, and the Police response to the crimes between non-pandemic and pandemic periods. The study used an explanatory sequential approach to reciprocally support groups of data. The quantitative data is taken from the PNP Crime Information Reporting and Analysis System (CIRAS) of cities and selected municipalities affected by COVID-19 in the Province of Isabela. The qualitative data were collected through a semi-structured interview with the Chief of Police and investigators of the station. The study revealed that homicide, rape, violation of RA No. 11332, and vehicular incidents were the most committed. Intoxication is the key player in crimes and a shift to the subject was noted. The upward trajectory of crime during the pandemic was interconnected with the violation of the Republic Act (R.A.) No. 11332 through disobedience and arrogance to the person in authority. Income-related crimes are noted to have just emerged while work-and-business-related crimes have gone during the pandemic. The crime trend shows that if the pandemic persists, crimes dynamically trail an upward trend. The PNP in the Province of Isabela strictly adheres to its mandates and shows resiliency in pandemic crimes and COVID-19.

"Arrest me, DeleGata!" - gender performativities in the construction of beauty as an aesthetic and discursive weapon of power among female Civil Police chiefs.

This article discusses the performative gender constructions of female police chiefs working in Rio de Janeiro state. Using cartography as a research method, we follow the paths, connections, and construction of femininities, activated and performed by our respondents to establish a place of respect and prominence within and outside the Institution, using beauty as an aesthetic and discursive power tool based on the DeleGata performative class. Cartographic interviews were conducted with nine female police chiefs in Rio de Janeiro state aged 30 to 59. Although the police have historically valued recognized masculine ideals, such as strength and virility, the gender performativities operated by female police chiefs allow for police feminization. The figure/enunciation of DeleGata, who builds an image of the female police chief, implying a unity, signifies producing political subjects, ideas, and values that reach a communicative and performative standard, making visible some woman who adorns - with her beauty - and simultaneously surprises - with her intelligence. The DeleGata thus brings into play apparently antagonistic extremes: beauty-intelligence, sensuality-power, femininity-strength, producing a social and symbolic regimen for the production of bodies and femininities.