Chickens In Experimental Groups Research Articles

Influence of a new saponite-containing feed additive on the productive qualities of broiler chickens

The article presents the results of the study on the introduction of a saponite-containing mineral feed additive of natural origin into the diet of ROSS-308 broiler chickens in the amount of 1, 3 and 5 kg per ton of feed. An increase in the average daily gain by 3.7; 4.3 and 4.4 g, respectively, and in the absolute gain by 154.7; 174.9 and 181.3 g in the period from 1 to 42 days of age was found. At the time of slaughter, the live weight of chickens in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups significantly exceeded the control: by 174.6 (6.3%; P ≤ 0.001) and 154.6 g (5.6%; P ≤ 0.001). The survival rate of the experimental group chickens was 6.7% higher. In the blood of chickens from experimental groups 1–3, compared with the control analogs, an increase in total protein by 1.5; 2.2 and 2.1 g/l, calcium by 0.28; 0.21 and 0.29 mmol/l, phosphorus by 0.3; 0.43 and 0.42 mmol/l was recorded. A conclusion was made about an increase in the economic and biological indicators of broiler chickens when adding a saponite-containing mineral supplement to the diet, due to the enrichment of the compound feed with minerals and the high sorption capacity of the above-mentioned supplement, while the best effect was achieved when including it in the feed in the amount of 3 kg per ton.

Модуляція цілісності кишкового бар’єру курчат-бройлерів, асоційована зі змінами мікробіому

Cell adhesion proteins play a crucial role in ensuring the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium by forming intercellular tight junctions that prevent the invasion of harmful substances, microorganisms, and toxins into the organism’s internal environment. However, the comprehensive impact of SCFA-M on the modulation of these proteins and their connection with the microbiome of the duodenal intestine of broiler chickens has been overlooked by researchers, thus emphasizing the significance of these studies. The research was carried out on Cobb 500 broiler chickens in conditions of industrial poultry farming. The experimental group chickens were administered with SCFA-M in drinking water (1% solution of C-3 C-10). The results of the experiment revealed that the administration of SCFA-M to chickens was characterized by increased expression of E-cadherin, fibronectin, IFN-α, and decreased expression of IFN-γ in the duodenum of broiler. Specifically, SCFA-M administration to chickens was associated with an increase in the expression level of E-cadherin in the duodenal intestine by 25.8–30.4% (P≤0.001), fibronectin by 17.8–37.0% (P≤0.001), IFN-α by 21.0–71.6% (P≤0.001), and a decrease in the expression of IFN-γ by 13.5%–49.9% (P≤0.01–0.001) compared to the control group chickens. The correlations of molecular marker expression (E-cadherin, fibronectin, IFN-α, and IIFN-γ) in the duodenum of broiler chickens significantly varied throughout the technological cycle not only in magnitude but also in its trend. Obtained results demonstrated that the marker content was positively correlated with Escherichia coli content (r = 0.79–0.87) in 22-day-old broiler chickens. Contrary, marker content was negatively correlated with E. coli content (r = –0.84…–0.68), Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (r = 0.23–0.91) in 29-day-old chickens. Furthermore, this index was negatively correlated with Staphylococcus spp. content (r = –0.83…–0.51) in 45-day-old chickens. The exposure to SCFA-M induced the changes which associated with strong direct correlations of E-cadherin, fibronectin, IFN-α, and IFN-γ with Staphylococcus spp. content in the duodenum of 22-day-old broiler chickens (r = 0.81–0.91). Molecular markers content exhibited strong inverse correlation links with E. coli content in 36-day-old broiler chickens (r = –0.92…–0.80). Thus, the application of SCFA-M induced the beneficial effect on the modulation of molecular marker expression (E- cadherin, fibronectin, IFN-α, and IFN-γ) in the duodenum. The further research required to construct the optimized protocols for SCFA-M applying in poultry farming, which would replace or minimize the use of antibacterial drugs.

Эффективность использования новой кормовой добавки на основе органических кислот при выращивании цыплят-бройлеров

Purpose. Studying the effectiveness of using feed additive "Aciform" when included in the diet of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods. The objects of research were broiler chickens of Cobb-500 cross and feed additive "Aciform". The experiment was carried out in the conditions of the farm of Krest'yanskiy Dvor LLC (Volgograd region). Three groups (two experimental and control) were formed, 140 animals each. The poultry in the control group received feed that did not contain the studied feed additive. Norm for adding additive was 1 kg per 1 ton of feed in the 1st experimental group and 2 kg per 1 ton of feed in the 2nd experimental group. The duration of feeding is from 14 days to 42 days of age. During the experiment, the safety of poultry, the percentage of mortality and pecking, as well as the dynamics of live weight gain and the occurrence of possible side effects when using the feed additive were monitored using standard scientific research methods (zootechnical, mathematical) and certified laboratory equipment. Results. The use of new feed additive "Aciform" in feeding broiler chickens from 14 to 42 days of age at an input rate of 1 and 2 kg per 1 ton of feed had a positive effect on the increase in live weight of chickens. The chickens of experimental groups (1 and 2) exceeded poultry of control group in terms of the average daily gain in live weight by 1.0 and 2.9% (P≤0.05) for the entire experimental period, in terms of absolute increase on the 42nd day of growing – by 1.0 and 2.1%. The incidence of pecking in poultry of experimental groups (1 and 2) was 2.9 and 1.8%, and in the control group – 2.1%. In the groups of broiler chickens that received the test additive as part of the diet (1st and 2nd experimental), there were fewer dead poultry by 2.9 and 3.4%, and the survival rate was higher by 2.9 and 3.8% than in control group. Conclusion. The inclusion of new feed additive "Aciform" in the diet of broiler chickens had a positive effect on the safety, growth rate and productive qualities of the poultry.

Study of the <i>Quercus cortex</i> extract combined effect with an enzyme supplement on hematological blood parameters and broilers chicken growth

The use of phytobiotics with other feed additives in agriculture may be useful for improving animal health and productivity, but further research is needed, to consider other combinations of feed additive sharing and to determine the recommended dose to increase the productivity of laying hens and broilers. In this regard, the work considers the combined effect of oak (Quercus cortex) bark extract and enzyme additive on hematological blood parameters and growth of broiler chickens. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the absolute increase in chickens of experimental group compared to the control was 10.94%. The level of total protein on day 21 in the BD+E+QC group was increased by 19.16% (p ≤ 0.05), albumin by 18.87% (p≤0.05), urea by 21.05% (p ≤ 0.05), glucose by 25.25% (p ≤ 0.05). On day 42, there was an increase in total protein by 4.01% (p ≤ 0.05), albumin by 8.31% (p≤0.05) and urea by 9.37% (p≤0.05) in the group BD+E+QC compared to BD. Analysis of mineral metabolism showed an increase in magnesium content in the BD+E+QC group by 24.5%, in calcium – 18.6%, and in phosphorus – 22.0%. The use of this diet didn’t have a negative effect on growth, morphological and biochemical blood parameters and contributed to the improvement of many indicators. From the above, it follows that the use of phytobiotics and enzyme additive can lead to a synergistic effect and a beneficial effect on farm animals.

Mathematical justification of the optimal rate of selenium introduction into mixed feed for broiler chickens

In recent years, many countries worldwide have been revising the existing standards for introducing trace elements in mixed feed for high-performance crosses and poultry breeds, taking into account new scientific data. This also applies to Selenium, which is recognized as an indispensable biotic ultramicroelement according to the modern classification. The norms for introducing selenium into mixed feed for broiler chickens have specific differences and range from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg of feed, which are recommended in different countries and at other times. The reason for the disagreement is probably that the experiments were conducted under different conditions, against the background of different diets, on different poultry crosses, and using other selenium-containing compounds. In addition, the norms of selenium additives recommended by foreign and domestic scientists in mixed feed for broiler chickens are not always supported by mathematical calculations, and, in our opinion, they should be evaluated as indicative, requiring further justification and clarification depending on the regional characteristics of poultry feeding. Two scientific and economic experiments were conducted to determine the optimal rate of introducing selenium into mixed feed for broiler chickens, which lasted 42 days each. The study was conducted on broiler chickens of the Coob 500 cross. Selenium was additionally introduced into mixed feeds for broiler chickens of the experimental groups in doses of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/kg. Poultry in the control group did not receive Selenium supplementation. Statistical processing of experimental data obtained in two scientific and economic experiments, using graphical, variance, and regression analysis methods, allows us to conclude that the optimal dose of Selenium administration in mixed feed for broiler chickens should be considered 0.3 mg/kg. Feeding broiler chickens during the growing period of mixed feed enriched with Selenium in this amount contributed to a likely increase in their live weight in the first experiment by 7.8 % (Р < 0.001), in the second by 5.1 % (Р < 0.01), compared to the control group. Higher doses of Selenium (0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg) in mixed feed, as well as a lower dose (0.2 mg/kg), caused less intensive growth and lower live weight of broiler chickens of other experimental groups, compared to young animals fed mixed feed with the addition of selenium 0.3 mg/kg.

Эффективность применения новой кормовой добавки в птицеводстве

Purpose. Assessment of the influence of the organomineral feed additive "Si-lact" on the productivity and metabolism of broiler chickens. Materials and Мethods. The object of the study was broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross and an organomineral feed additive. The studies were carried out on 90 broiler chickens, divided into 3 groups: control and two experimental ones. The control bird received a diet according to the recommendations of VNITIP (2019), chickens of experimental group I were given an organomineral feed additive (lactulose, succinic acid, arginine, silicon), II – were given a feed additive devoid of lactulose. Morphological blood parameters were determined using a DF 50 VetPlus device (URIT Medial Electronic Co., Ltd, China). Biochemical studies of blood serum were carried out on a CS-T240 apparatus (DIRUI Industrial Co., Ltd, China) using commercial kits for veterinary research DiaVetTest (Russia). The chemical composition of broiler droppings, feed and body tissue was determined using standard methods. Statistical analysis of the data obtained during the experiment was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program (StatSoft Inc., USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, USA). Results. Feeding with an organomineral feed additive (group I) ensured an increase in live weight of 2.28 kg, which was 10.7% (P≤0.05) higher than the same parameter in the control. The growth rate during the experiment in experimental group II was similar (2.27 kg; P≤0.05). At the same time, chickens of experimental group I in terms of live weight by the end of the experiment exceeded their peers from the control group by 17.9% (P≤0.05), group II – by 10.8%. The organomineral additive improved some metabolic parameters. The level of digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, carbohydrates and nitrogen-free extractive substances increases in experimental I by 5.6 (P≤0.05); 4.2; 5.9 (P≤0.05) and 5.3%, respectively, compared with control. Conclusion. An organomineral feed additive containing lactulose has a greater effect on the growth and, as a consequence, the productivity of broiler chickens.

Efficiency of the use of extruded fir flour in feeding broiler chickens

Relevance. Needles are a source of various biologically active substances for animals, including vitamins. The needles also contain phytoncides, which contribute to the suppression of pathogenic microflora in the digestive tract. A number of studies have been devoted to the development of technologies for the production of feed additives based on needlesMethodology. The research work was carried out in the experimental poultry house of «Kuzbass Broiler» LLC on broiler chickens of the Ross 308 cross. 820 heads of chickens in four groups were selected for the experiment. The poultry of the control group received complete compound feed (PC), the 1st–3rd experimental groups received extradited fir flour as part of the PC (1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0% of the weight of the compound feed). When selecting broiler chickens in experimental groups and conducting research, the methods of VNIVIP were used.Results. When feeding extruded fir flour in an amount of 2.5% of the feed volume at the stages of growing broiler chickens the highest indicators of their growth were obtained compared to the control: the absolute and average daily body weight gain is more by 5.3%. Safety increased by 1.8%, the European productivity index (EPI) increased by 35.9 units. Chickens spent 6.1% (0.11 kg) less compound feed per 1 kg of gain compared to analogues from the control group.

Functional state and protein-synthesizing function of the liver of laying hens under conditions of cadmium loading

The toxicity of cadmium in the bird's body depends on the penetration method, the total dose, and the duration of poisoning. That is why the work aimed to study the effect of Cadmium on liver function disorders. To achieve the set goal in experiments on chickens under cadmium load, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: to study the effect of cadmium on the protein synthesis function of the liver of laying hens; to study the effect of cadmium on the functional state of the liver of laying hens. 24 laying hens aged 78 weeks were selected for research. These chickens were divided into three groups: control and two experimental, taking into account their age and weight. Chickens from the control group received compound feed and clean water without adding cadmium sulfate. In the chickens of the experimental groups, cadmium sulfate was added to the drinking water in different concentrations for 30 days: the first group (R1) – 2 mg per kilogram of body weight, the second group (R2) – 4 mg per kilogram of body weight. According to the conducted studies, it was found that in laying hens under conditions of cadmium load, the functional state of the liver is disturbed, as evidenced by the increased activity of aminotransferases in their blood serum. It is worth noting that the highest activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases was in the blood serum of laying hens of the second experimental group on the 21st day of the experiment. The results indicate an increase in destructive processes in the body of laying hens due to cadmium loading. In laying hens under cadmium load, the liver's protein synthesis function is suppressed, manifested by a decrease in the level of total protein and albumins, with a simultaneous increase in the level of globulins. Drinking cadmium sulfate with water in a larger dose (4 mg/kg of body weight) was accompanied by a more probable decrease in total protein and albumin level than drinking cadmium sulfate in a smaller dose (2 mg/kg of body weight). Under cadmium load, an albumin-globulin disproportion occurs, which is indicated by the value of the A/G ratio. In the chickens of the first experimental group, it was found that the value of the A/G ratio on the 21st day of the experiment was 0.42, while in the second experimental group, it was lower and was 0.39, respectively, against the control 0.52.

Microscopic fungi of wheat grain in the Polissya zone

The article presents the data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of micromycetes of wheat grain grown in the Polissya region. During the research period, an average of 2.88-104 ± 3.62-103 colony forming units (CFU) per 1 g of grain was found in wheat grain samples collected in the Polissya region. Twenty species of microscopic fungi belonging to 9 genera were isolated from the wheat grain of the Polissya zone. Among them were the genera Alternaria (92.5 %), Mucor (92.5 %), Aspergillus (83.0 %), Penicillium (47.2 %), Fusarium (60.4 %), Phoma (15,.1 %), Mycelia (15.1 %), Trichotecium (1.9 %) and Monascus (1.9 %) of the samples. Aspergillus niger (17.0 %), Aspergillus candidus (9.4 %), and Aspergillus terreus (1.9 %) were detected less frequently among Aspergillus. Fusarium spp. (17.0 %), Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium semitectum in (5.7 %), and Fusarium culmorum (3.8 %) of the samples were identified among Fusarium. A smaller number of microscopic fungi species represents the endophytic mycobiota of wheat grain. Among the isolates of micromycetes isolated from the Polissya zone, pure cultures were obtained from F. sporotrichiella var. tricinctum isolate 1218/4, and F. sporotrichiella isolate 1218/5. These isolates were atoxic against the test culture Candida pseudotropicalis strain 44 PC, but F. sporotrichiella var. tricinctum 1218/4 produced a growth retardation zone with Rf 0.05 and produced an unidentified trichothecene mycotoxin (TTMT). Among the isolated fungi, Aspergillus flavus isolate 1219/3 and Aspergillus flavus isolate 1221/1 were the first to produce kojic and aspergillic acids and the second to synthesize penicillic and aspergillic acids. To reduce the negative effect of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the body of chickens of the meat and egg breed Adler Silver, the birds were fed the sorbent “Mikosorb”. It was found that when added to the diet, the sorbent “Mikosorb” in the amount of 2.0 % of the total feed weight reduces the negative effect of deoxynivalenol on the body of chickens of the experimental group. This was confirmed by a 12.0 % reduction in bird mortality. Feeding “Microsorb” in the amount of 2.0 % by weight of complete feed contributed to an increase in the average daily weight gain of poultry during the experiment by 5.43 % compared to the experimental group that consumed feed with the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON). During the experiment, the birds of the experimental group No. 2 consumed 28.91 kg of feed more than group No. 2. Feeding the sorbent “Mikosorb” in the amount of 2.0 % of the feed weight to chickens of the meat and egg breed Adler silver contributes to an increase in gross weight gain by 9.69 kg during the experiment. The use of “Mikosorb” in the technology of feeding chickens of experimental group No. 2 contributed to an increase in the profitability of poultry production by up to 12.0 % compared to poultry that consumed feed affected by DON toxin. After analyzing the scientific results from the literature and our research results, we concluded that the abovementioned studies on wheat grain should be carried out throughout Ukraine during harvesting and storage in warehouses or storages.

The Efficiency of Urtica dioica Extract in Feeding of Laying Hens

Currently, poultry specialists are working hard to find feed additives of natural origin. Medicinal plants are a source of a wide range of biologically active compounds with multifunctional effects, including antimicrobial ones. To understand the potential use of various medicinal plants and their extracts in poultry farming, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding different doses of water-ethanol extract of Urtica dioica (Urtica dioica L.) on the egg productivity of laying hens. A total of 300 laying hens were divided to control and five experimental groups of chickens, each with 5 replicates. During the entire experiment, the laying hens of the control group were fed complete compound feeds according to the egg-laying phase, and the chickens of the experimental groups were additionally fed Urtica dioica extract in different doses. The results indicated that feeding laying hens with Urtica dioica extract in doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/kg of body weight had a positive effect on their egg productivity. An increase in egg production per average laying hen in the experimental groups was 2.6-6.1%, and the intensity of egg production was 2.1-5.4%, compared to the control. However, the feed consumption in all experimental groups decreased. When introducing Urtica dioica extract into full-fledged compound feeds for laying hens, there was an increase in the relative egg white content, egg white/egg yolk ratio, and a decrease in relative yolk and shell content. Accordingly, it is suggested to include Urtica dioica extract at a dose of 15 mg/kg in the diet of laying hens which can improve economic efficiency and egg parameters. Keywords: Chemical composition, Egg morphology, Egg production, Feed conversion, Medicinal plant

MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS BY FEEDING INORGANIC FORM OF SELENIUM

The addition of selenium is necessary to maintain the health and high productivity of broiler chickens and to improve the palatability and chemical composition of the meat. This helps to increase the content of dry matter, protein and fat in the breast and thigh muscles, and also increases the nutritional and biological value of poultry meat. Determination of the optimal dose of the inorganic form of selenium in the feed of broiler chickens remains a problematic issue. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of different doses of selenium (0.2 mg/kg, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg) on the chemical composition, energy and biological value of muscle tissue of broiler chickens. Broiler chickens in the amount of 40 heads served as the research material. Poultry of the control group (10 heads) received compound feed according to the growing periods, and experimental groups (30 heads) received compound feed with the addition of different amounts of sodium selenite: group 2 – 0.2 mg/kg, group 3 – 0.3 mg/kg and group 4 – 0.4 mg/kg. Current methods were used to determine the chemical composition of the pectoral and femoral muscles of broiler chickens, in particular, the mass fraction of moisture, the total content of fat, nitrogen, and the mass fraction of total ash. The content of selenium was determined by the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, the toxicological assessment was carried out using Tetrachimena piriformis strain WH14 ciliates, the energy value was determined by the calculation method, according to the chemical composition of muscle tissue. It was found that the fat content increased in the pectoral muscles of broiler chickens of experimental group 2 by 0.1% (p < 0.05), 3 – by 0.3 (p < 0.01) and 4 – by 0.3 % (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The indicator of energy value of breast muscles of broiler chickens of experimental group 3 increased by 2.2% (p < 0.05), and 4 – by 2.8% (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Selenium concentration increased in the pectoral muscles of broiler chickens of experimental group 2 by 21.7% (p < 0.05), 3 – by 70% (p < 0.01), 4 – by 106% (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. At the same time, the concentration of selenium in the femoral muscles of broiler chickens of experimental group 2 increased by 12.9% (p < 0.01), 3 – by 57.1 (p < 0.001), 4 – by 85.7% (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Therefore, the concentration of selenium in the muscle tissue of the pectoral and thigh muscles depends on the dose of this trace element in feed. The quality of meat of broiler chickens improved with the addition of inorganic form of selenium to compound feed at a dose of 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg.

EXPERT EVALUATION OF MEAT OF BROILER CHICKENS FOR SALE ON THE AGRICULTURAL MARKET

In the course of broiler chicken meat production technology, various pathologies of the organs and systems of the bird's body may appear, and as a result, organoleptic, physico-chemical and toxic-biological parameters in the meat may deteriorate. The purpose of the study is to determine the quality indicators and to provide a toxicological assessment of the meat of broiler chickens, obtained by different technologies of poultry farming, and sold in the conditions of the agro-food market. Current organoleptic, physico-chemical research methods were applied. Colpoda steinii ciliate culture was used for toxicological assessment. The carcasses of broiler chickens, which were grown for meat in poultry farms using different technologies, were selected in accordance with the accompanying documents. They were divided into 3 groups: 5 carcasses each): control group (broiler chickens were raised in the conditions of a personal peasant farm), 1 – experimental group (broiler chickens were raised in the conditions of a poultry farm on a mesh floor) and 2 – experimental group (broiler chickens were raised in the conditions of a poultry farm in cage batteries). It was established that the meat of broiler chickens, which belonged to the control and 1 experimental groups, was fresh, non-toxic with sufficient biological value. On the other hand, the meat of broiler chickens of the 2 experimental groups was of questionable freshness and weakly toxic according to organoleptic and physicochemical parameters. This is confirmed by the fact that after 10 min of incubation, the number of mobile cells of Colpoda steinii on the nutrient medium with the meat of broiler chickens of experimental group 2 decreased by 25% (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. At the same time, the number of non-motile cells of the infusoria decreased by 75% (p < 0.001), and after 3 hours of incubation, the number of motile cells of Colpoda steinii decreased by 43.0% (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. At the same time, the number of non-motile cells of the infusoria increased by 43.0% (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Therefore, the meat of broiler chickens of the 2nd research group cannot be sold in raw form. As a result of the conducted research, it is necessary to carry out bacteriological and microbiological studies of the selected carcasses of broiler chickens.

Effect of feeding bioactive compounds identified from plant extracts (4-hexylresorcinol, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and gamma-octalactone) on the productivity and quality of broiler meat.

Secondary bioactive compounds of medicinal plants exert anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and metabolism-modulating effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding 4-hexylresorcinol, as well as its combinations with gamma-octalactone and 7-hydroxycoumarin, on the digestibility of dietary nutrients, weight gain, and quality characteristics of the meat and liver of Arbor Acres broiler chickens. The following feeding scheme was applied on the chickens: Control, basal diet (BD); I experimental, BD + 4-hexylresorcinol at 0.5 mg/kg of live weight per day; II experimental, BD + 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone at 0.4 mg/kg of live weight per day; III experimental, BD + 4-hexylresorcinol + 7-hydroxycoumarin at 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg of live weight per day; and IV experimental, BD + 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone + 7-hydroxycoumarin at 0.05, 0.15, and 0.01 mg/kg of live weight per day. Chickens in I, II, and IV experimental groups at the age of 35 days showed superior live weight than chickens in the control group. Supplementation with all the tested additives, except the combination 4-hexylresorcinol + 7-hydroxycoumarin, significantly increased the digestibility coefficients of dietary nutrients. Supplementation with the combinations 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone and 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone + 7-hydroxycoumarin significantly increased the amount of fat in the pectoral muscles. However, the mass fraction of fat in the thigh muscles of broiler chickens decreased in II, III, and IV experimental groups. The pectoral muscles of broiler chickens in experimental Group IV contained small amounts of lysine, tyrosine, histidine, leucine-isoleucine, methionine, valine, proline, threonine, serine, alanine, and glycine. Supplementation with pure 4-hexylresorcinol significantly reduced the levels of lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, leucine-isoleucine, methionine, valine, proline, threonine, and alanine in the thigh muscles. However, supplementation with pure 4-hexylresorcinol significantly increased the concentrations of P, Fe, Se, Zn, and B and decreased the concentrations of I, Ni, V, Al, and Pb in the pectoral muscles. Supplementation with the combination 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone + 7-hydroxycoumarin resulted in the accumulation of Ca, Co, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, and Li and a decrease in the concentrations of K, Mg, and V. Supplementation with all the tested additives, except the combination 4-hexylresorcinol + 7-hydroxycoumarin, exerted a positive effect on the indicators of live weight gain and dietary nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Supplementation with the combinations 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone and 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone + 7-hydroxycoumarin increased the amount of fat in the pectoral muscles but decreased it in the thigh muscles. Supplementation with all the tested additives decreased the concentrations of I in the pectoral muscles and Zn in the thigh muscles in all the experimental groups compared with those in the control group.

Productivity of broiler chickens using the optimal dosage of zinc proteinate

According to the results of the conducted research, a positive influence of the use of zinc proteinate on the dynamics of live weight and average daily growth of broiler chickens was set. The advantages of using zinc proteinate over sulfate are shown, and the defined prospects of its use in the content of compound feed for broiler chickens are determined. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that feeding zinc proteinate makes it possible to reliably increase the live weight and average daily growth of broiler chickens in different age periods of their growth. Thus, using zinc proteinate in doses corresponding to the input of 50 and 30 g of the element per 1 ton of compound feed increases the live weight of broiler chickens of the second and third experimental groups by 125.7 and 177.7 g or 5.1 and 7.2 %. The average daily weight gain for the entire growing period was: in chickens of the first control group, 58.4 g, in the second experimental group – 61.4 g, and in the third experimental group, 62.6 g. According to the results of the conducted scientific and economic experiment, it was set that the use of zinc proteinate in a dose corresponding to 30 g of the element per 1 ton of compound feed contributes to better use of feed nutrients, which leads to a probable increase in the average daily growth of broiler chickens starting from the second decade of cultivation while reducing costs fodder. Using zinc proteinate in a dose corresponding to 50 g of the element per 1 ton of compound feed also contributes to better use of feed nutrients. However, it leads to a probable increase in the average daily growth of broiler chickens only starting from the third decade of cultivation. According to the results of control weighings, it was found that the live weight of broiler chickens of experimental groups 2 and 3 began to exceed the live weight of broiler chickens of the control group starting from 14 days of age and until the end of fattening (Р < 0.05). The research showed the advantages of introducing zinc to compound feed in the form of proteinate over sulfate. The dose corresponding to introducing 30 g of the element per 1 ton of compound feed is more effective.

Productive traits of chickens of the parent herd of broilers of the cross Ross 308 when using the drugs Emicidin and Apex

Drugs with a wide spectrum of action, including natural growth stimulants and antioxidants, which could provide an increase in the natural resistance, livability and productivity of poultry of the parental herd and broiler chickens and did not adversely aff ect the quality of hatching eggs and poultry meat, are of considerable interest for industrial poultry farming. Such drugs include the antioxidant Emicidin and the natural growth stimulator of plant origin Apex. The drug Apex 3010 is used for poultry. The purpose of the work was to study the eff ect of the antioxidant Emicidin and the natural feed additive Apex 3010 on the productive traits of chickens of the parental herd under the conditions of industrial poultry housing technology. Comparative comprehensive studies of productivity, reproductive traits, morphological indicators of the quality of hatching eggs, the microstructure of the shell was carried out, the results of brooding of eggs of chickens of the parental broiler herd using the drugs Emicidin and Apex 3010 separately and in combination with each other were analyzed. It was found as a result of the conducted studies that the egg production of chickens for the initial laying hen in the 1st (Emicidin), 2nd (Apex 3010) and 3rd (Emicidin+Apex 3010) experimental groups was 2,6 % (p ≤ 0,05), 3,2 % (p ≤ 0,01) and 5,8 % (p ≤ 0,001), respectively, are higher than in the control group. The use of the drugs Emicidin and Apex 3010 both separately and in combination with each other had a positive infl uence on the quality of brooding eggs obtained from chickens of experimental groups at the end of the productive period at the age of 52 weeks. The highest production and economic indicators for the housing of chickens of the parental broiler herd were achieved in the 3rd experimental group with the complex use of the drugs Emicidin and Apex 3010. The diff erence in the prime-cost of 1 head the daily chicken in the 3rd experimental group and the control group was 1,52 rubles or 8,32 %.

Продуктивное влияние новых сортов сурепицы при выращивании цыплят-бройлеров

Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of seeds of varieties of coleseed (Brassica rapa L.) on the productivity of broiler chickens of the "Cobb 500" cross. According to the scheme of the experi-ment, the control compound feed did not contain coleseed seeds, 7.5% (by weight) were taken into the compound feed of the first experimental group seeds of winter coleseed of the Zarya variety, and in the compound feed of the second experimental group — 7.5% seeds of spring coleseed of the Nadezhda va-riety. The introduction of coleseed seeds into the starting and finishing compound feeds for broiler chick-ens reduced the use of soybean meal and sunflower oil by 3.7 and 4.0% (rel.). The data of physiological experience showed that the digestibility of the nutrients of the compound feed of all groups was at a high level. The digestibility of crude protein was at the control level. Lower digestibility of raw fiber by chick-ens of the first experimental group (less by 3.06%) is associated with a higher content of lignin in the seed shell of the Zarya variety. By the end of the experiment, the live weight of broiler chickens increased 66.8 times, 66.4 times and 66.9 times, respectively, according to the control of the first and second experimen-tal groups. Inclusion of coleseed seeds (7.5% by weight) slightly reduced the consumption of compound feeds by chickens of the experimental groups — by 1.43 and 1.13%, compared with the control. This was facilitated by the higher energy saturation of experimental compound feeds with coleseed seeds, contain-ing a high level of crude fat. The reduction in the use of compound feed and its lower cost affected the efficiency of growing an experienced bird. The efficiency index of poultry meat production by groups in the control was 97.62% and 113.41, 114.54% in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, respectively.

THE MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF HEART STRUCTURES AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS OF ROSS-308 BROILER CHICKENS WHEN INTRODUCING THE «KOVELOS-SORB» SORBENT INTO THE MAIN DIET

Background. Currently, the poultry industry is developing quite intensively, this is why the use of various additives that accelerate growth and improve the quality of products is associated with this. The biologically active additive «Kovelos-Sorb» has similar properties – an enterosorbent based on particles of amorphous silicon dioxide.
 Purpose. To study the features of morphological adaptation of heart structures and biochemical blood parameters of Ross-308 broiler chickens when introducing the «Kovelos-Sorb» sorbent into the main diet.
 Materials and methods. Two groups of Ross-308 broiler chickens were studied from 1 day to 40 days, with a total number of 160 heads from 8 age groups of 10 individuals each. The experimental group of chickens was injected with the sorbent «Kovelos-Sorb» in the amount of 0.1% by weight of feed to the main diet. The study of morphological and biochemical parameters of the broiler organism was carried out according to generally accepted methods.
 Results. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in the morphological structures of the heart (linear measurements – longitudinal size, transverse size, girth, thickness of the epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, thickness of muscle fibers), the volume of cardiomyocyte nuclei, biochemical blood parameters of Ross-308 broiler chickens when added to the main diet of the enterosorbent «Kovelos-Sorb».
 Conclusion. It was found that the silicon-containing sorbent «Kovelos-Sorb» has a positive effect on the qualitative morphological characteristics of the heart of Ross-308 broiler chickens, manifested by stabilization of shell structures, in an increase in the thickness of the muscle fibers of the atria and ventricles of the heart.

The study of the anti-inflammatory efficacy of KRKA's doxycycline hyclate (Doxatib®) against infectious bronchitis in chickens

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a contagious respiratory disease of chickens of worldwide distribution and economic importance. KRKA's Doxatib® includes doxycycline hyclate, which is a tetracycline antibiotic. Known facts of the presence and antiviral effect of doxycycline against RNA viruses, incl. through the activation of the antiviral protein ZAP, as well as the presence of anti-inflammatory effects of doxycycline, including in COVID 19 in humans. The aim of the study was to study the anti-inflammatory activity of doxycycline in infectious bronchitis of chickens. Modeling of infectious bronchitis was carried out by infecting 14 day-old chickens of the Shaver cross, 10x with a dose of the vaccine strain IBV H120. The experimental group of chickens was given the drug Doxatib® (doxycycline) manufactured by Krka, d.d., in accordance with the instructions for the drug. Pathological anatomical autopsy revealed a decrease in inflammatory processes in the thymus and lungs. Luminescent microscopy of the lungs revealed a decrease in interstitial lung inflammation and exudate in chickens of the experimental group, compared with the control group. When analyzing the expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes, the anti-inflammatory effects of the drug doxycycline (Doxatib® Krka, d.d.) were established. The found changes in the expression of genes involved in the activation of the inflammatory response are identical to the anti-inflammatory effect of doxycycline in coronavirus infection (COVID 19) in humans and consist in the suppression of pro-inflammatory factors that can increase mortality in coronavirus infections, both in humans and in chickens, NFkB, IL6, FCR.

INFLUENCE OF FEED ADDITIVE "FEED BIOPROTEIN" ON BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL BLOOD VALUES IN BROILER CHICKENS

The article presents the results of the influence of the experimental feed additive "Feed bioprotein" on biochemical and morphological blood values of broiler chickens, as well as economic indicators. The positive effect of the application of this feed additive has been noted, which is expressed in a higher average daily gain, a decrease in the conversion of feed and an increase in the safety of the stock of experimental groups in comparison with control groups. An increase in erythrocyte concentrations (by 2.16-4.32%), hemoglobin (2.76-5.86%) and total serum protein (by 3.10-6.25%) was found in experimental groups of chickens.

Влияние кормовой микробной добавки на мясную продуктивность цыплят-бройлеров и качество мяса птицы

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of a probiotic supplement on the productivity of broiler chickens of the fast-growing Cobb 500 cross and the quality of poultry meat. Research methods. To study the parameters of meat productivity of broiler chickens, slaughter and anatomical cutting of poultry carcasses were carried out, the morphological composition of individual parts of carcasses was evaluated, the chemical composition of poultry meat was analyzed by determining moisture (GOST 9793-74), fat (GOST 23042-86), protein (GOST 25011-81), the level of essential amino acids (capillary electrophoresis method), organoleptic parameters of poultry meat and broth were studied. Research results. It was found that the introduction of a fodder additive into the poultry diet contributes to the improvement of meat characteristics of the Cobb 500 cross, improves the quality properties of poultry meat, as well as the bio-value of poultry meat products. When studying meat productivity, it was revealed that in experimental groups the mass of the gutted carcass was higher than in the control by 1.45.3 %, the slaughter yield was higher by 0.31.4 %, the mass of all breast tissues of broiler chickens of experimental groups exceeded this indicator in the control by 1.78.2 %, the mass of all femoral tissues was higher by 2.07.8 %, and the mass of all shin tissues by 1.56.8 %. The results of the chemical analysis of muscles of broiler chickens showed that the protein content was higher in experimental groups compared to the control group by 0.180.60 %, with a decrease in fat by 0.060.16 %, and there was also a decrease in meat quality index in all experimental groups by 4.510.5 %. A positive statistically significant difference was revealed when analyzing the amino acid score in the muscles of birds of experimental groups compared with the control group. The organoleptic evaluation of boiled broiler chicken meat and broth from them in experimental groups showed superiority over the poultry meat of the control group and averaged 4.9 versus 4.8 points. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the meat productivity and meat quality of broiler chickens were evaluated when using a microbial additive based on autochthonous microorganisms of the genus Lactobacillus isolated from the contents of the gastrointestinal tract of wild quails in their diet.