Chicken Production Research Articles

C2H2-type zinc-finger protein BCL11B suppresses avian Leukosis virus subgroup J replication by regulating apoptosis

Apoptosis plays a crucial role in host antiviral defense. The avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an avian oncogenic retrovirus, has been shown to suppress apoptosis while promoting its own replication. ALV-J induces myeloid tumors and hemangiomas in chickens resulting in significant economic losses for commercial layer and meat-type chicken production. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B (Bcl11b) encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein—BCL11B, that exerts critical functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and plays an essential role in the immune system. Previous study has been shown that Bcl11b is associated with ALV-J infection. In this study, we further investigated the pathological changes in ALV-J infected cells and examined the role and expression regulation of chicken Bcl11b. Our results demonstrate that Bcl11b, as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), encodes C2H2-type zinc finger protein BCL11B that promotes apoptosis to inhibit ALV-J infection. Additionally, gga-miR-1612 and gga-miR-6701-3p regulate apoptosis and are involved in ALV-J infection by targeting Bcl11b, thus revealing immune response strategies between the host and ALV-J. Although the underlying mechanisms require further validation, Bcl11b and its regulatory miRNAs are the first to demonstrate inhibition of ALV-J replication via apoptosis. BCL11B can a valuable target for treating diseases triggered by ALV-J infection.

The risk of acquiring avian influenza from commercial poultry products and hen eggs: A qualitative assessment

High pathogenicity and low pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI and LPAI) viruses primarily infect birds, but they can also cause illness in other species, including humans. Some avian influenza (AI) strains can cause fatality rates of over 50 % in human infections. In October 2021, there was a substantial increase in the number of AI infections reported in birds in the UK. Given concerns that more infected and/or contaminated poultry products might reach retail, a risk assessment was performed to ensure that advice relating to the handling and consumption of these products remained appropriate.The products considered in this risk assessment were commercial chicken and turkey products, farmed duck and geese products, and table eggs. The risk pathway included the likelihood animals or eggs from an infected flock would be sent for further processing, whether the resulting products would be released to retail after inspection, viral persistence during distribution and storage, and the ability of AI viruses to infect humans via the gastrointestinal route. The risk from any AI virus, not just the A(H5N1) strain that began circulating in 2021, was considered. Data was obtained from literature searches and FSA surveys.The risk assessment determined that the likelihood of human infection with AI from poultry products for the UK population from handling and consuming commercial chicken or turkey products was negligible with low uncertainty, and for farmed duck and geese products was very low with medium uncertainty. The likelihood of infection for people in the UK from handling and consuming hen table eggs was very low with low uncertainty. The uncertainty rankings relate to the differing amounts of data available for each group of poultry products. The severity of illness in humans from AI infection was considered high with medium uncertainty. The conclusions of this risk assessment for UK consumers largely reflected advice and assessments from other countries and previous UK assessments. Given this, current guidance for handling and consuming poultry products was considered appropriate despite the increase in infections in birds during the 2021/22 and 2022/23 avian flu seasons. Since AI viruses were considered generally, these risk characterisations may need to be revisited based on evidence specific to a circulating virus to support risk management decisions.

16. Levers for improving welfare in standard chicken production: How to assess their effects on economy, environment, and labour?

16. Levers for improving welfare in standard chicken production: How to assess their effects on economy, environment, and labour?

Effect of a probiotic mixture with lactic acid activity on productive and allometric indicators in broiler chickens.

The feeding and sanitary conditions significantly influence the productivity of farm animals. This study aimed to assess the impact of a lactic acid-producing microbial additive on broiler chicken productivity. A 42-day experimental period utilized 120 1-day-old Cobb 500 chicks with an average weight of 46 g. In groups of 30 each, the chicks were randomly assigned to four experimental designs. The following treatments were assessed: T1 without intervention (control), T2 with bacitracin at a concentration of 0.5 g/L, T3 with a 5% probiotic mixture (PM), and T4 with a 7.5% PM. The birds were fed the commercial balanced feed without anticoccidials daily, while vaccines were administered according to the recommended biosecurity plan by the commercial house. Drinking water was treated with PM containing lactobacilli, yeasts, and short-chain organic acids. In T4, a 7.5% PM resulted in a final weight of 2361.2 g (p < 0.05), a total weight gain of 1412.8 g (p < 0.05), and improved feed efficiency with a feed conversion of 2.00 (p < 0.05), during which feed intake was lower than in the other groups. Microbial additives with lactic acid activity are a cost-effective and feasible solution for broiler chicken productivity.

Unraveling the flavor profiles of chicken meat: Classes, biosynthesis, influencing factors in flavor development, and sensory evaluation.

Chicken is renowned as the most affordable meat option, prized by consumers worldwide for its unique flavor, and universally recognized for its essential savory flavor. Current research endeavors are increasingly dedicated to exploring the flavor profile of chicken meat. However, there is a noticeable gap in comprehensive reviews dedicated specifically to the flavor quality of chicken meat, although existing reviews cover meat flavor profiles of various animal species. This review aims to fill this gap by synthesizing knowledge from published literature to describe the compounds, chemistry reaction, influencing factors, and sensory evaluation associated with chicken meat flavor. The flavor compounds in chicken meat mainly included water-soluble low-molecular-weight substances and lipids, as well as volatile compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, esters, hydrocarbons, furans, nitrogen, and sulfur-containing compounds. The significant synthesis pathways of flavor components were Maillard reaction, Strecker degradation, lipid oxidation, lipid-Maillard interaction, and thiamine degradation. Preslaughter factors, including age, breed/strain, rearing management, muscle type, and sex of chicken, as well as postmortem conditions such as aging, cooking conditions, and low-temperature storage, were closely linked to flavor development and accounted for the significant differences observed in flavor components. Moreover, the sensory methods used to evaluate the chicken meat flavor were elaborated. This review contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the flavor profile of chicken meat. It can serve as a guide for enhancing chicken meat flavor quality and provide a foundation for developing customized chicken products.

ANALISIS PERENCANAAN KAPASITAS DENGAN METODE POHON KEPUTUSAN &amp; DIAGRAM LINEAR DI UMKM ANDIKA FARM

One micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) in the Payakumbuh City area is Andika Farm, which focuses on broiler chicken production. This MSME has distributed a lot of broiler chickens and is collaborating with other parties to increase its production. One of the problems faced by Andika Farm MSMEs is capacity planning, empty cages due to a shortage of seeds, disrupted distribution of chickens, and a lack of planning to meet needs. The research aims to help plan capacity by determining the amount of production, constraints that must be considered, optimal profits, and sensitivity values to the optimum solution achieved in MSMEs. This research was conducted using two methods: Linear Programming and Decision Trees. The results of optimizing cage profit 2 produce an EMV of IDR 104,500. Compared with cage 1, cage 2 has the best use of production factors. The quality of the seeds is greatly influenced by the cage's location, where production factors could be more efficient.Keywords: capacity planning; decision tree; linear Programming

Assessment of Local Chicken Production Base Area in Minahasa Regency: A Location Quotient Approach

Local chickens have considerable potential to be developed and are reared as a source of animal protein and income. The production of local chickens is distributed across Minahasa Regency under a traditional free-ranging system. This study aims to assess the base area of local chicken farming and to determine the distribution of the superior commodity through the growth and share of local chicken production. Assessing the base area of the region for local chicken production can serve as the basis for the evaluation and design of policies. This study utilized a location quotient (LQ) approach in the empirical works in the regency and district. This analytical tool was applied to analyze the dynamics of the economic base in the cases of districts in Minahasa Regency, Indonesia. The analysis results denoted that 17 of 25 districts in Minahasa Regency ranked among the top base areas for local chicken development, as indicated by the highest LQ coefficients. Concerning the district potential base area, three districts fell into the superior category, four districts belonged to the static category, and 15 districts were in the potential category. This evidence reflects the potential and prospects of local chicken farming and its development plans as a leading commodity in Minahasa Regency. Encouraging farmers to maintain and develop livestock enterprises could support the provision of animal protein for consumption. There has been hope for the future of the local chicken commodity thanks to its inclusive development in resource-rich base areas.

Penerapan Limbah Nenas Fermentasi Untuk Pengembangan Ayam Kampung Di Desa Tangkit Baru Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

The objectives of this community service (PPM) are as follows: (1) the application of pineapple waste fermentation technology with Trichoderma viride fungi for kampung chicken feed, (2) improving the knowledge and skills of poultry farmers in formulating cost-effective rations, (3) enhancing the knowledge and skills of poultry farmers in more efficient management and better production. The implementation method of community service involves active interaction between the project team and the target groups, which include 40 community members and farmer groups. The key stages in the implementation of the PPM are as follows: (1) dissemination and training, (2) active participation of farmer group members with the establishment of a Technical Consultation Service (TCS) forum for consultation and dialogue between the project team and poultry farmers, (3) hands-on practice in kampung chicken production management and pineapple waste processing using fermentation technology, (4) monitoring and evaluation (Monev) of the community service program in the farmer groups of Tangkit Baru, Muaro Jambi. The results of the community service activities are as follows: (1) the dissemination and training sessions have successfully increased the knowledge and skills of the participants, with the dissemination being rated as good, (2) the application of fermented pineapple waste as kampung chicken feed has been well-received by the farmer groups and the community in Tangkit Baru, Muaro Jambi (3) the implementation of this PPM program has proven highly beneficial for poultry farmers and implementing institutions, as it serves as a platform for the transfer of knowledge and technology, particularly in the traditional and non-business-oriented kampung chicken farming practices, thus optimizing the outcomes of these practices and facilitating the development of kampung chicken farming businesses.

Phenotypic, genotypic and proteomic variations between poor and robust colonizing Campylobacter jejuni strains

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causes of bacterial gastrointestinal disease in humans worldwide. This foodborne pathogen colonizes the intestinal tracts of chickens, and consumption of chicken and poultry products is identified as a common route of transmission. We analyzed two C. jejuni strains after oral challenge with 105 CFU/ml of C. jejuni per chick; one strain was a robust colonizer (A74/C) and the other a poor colonizer (A74/O). We also found extensive phenotypic differences in growth rate, biofilm production, and in vitro adherence, invasion, intracellular survival, and transcytosis. Strains A74/C and A74/O were genotypically similar with respect to their whole genome alignment, core genome, and ribosomal MLST, MLST, flaA, porA, and PFGE typing. The global proteomes of the two congenic strains were quantitatively analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and 618 and 453 proteins were identified from A74/C and A74/O isolates, respectively. Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that carbon metabolism and motility proteins were distinctively overexpressed in strain A74/C. The robust colonizer also exhibited a unique proteome profile characterized by significantly increased expression of proteins linked to adhesion, invasion, chemotaxis, energy, protein synthesis, heat shock proteins, iron regulation, two-component regulatory systems, and multidrug efflux pump. Our study underlines phenotypic, genotypic, and proteomic variations of the poor and robust colonizing C. jejuni strains, suggesting that several factors may contribute to mediating the different colonization potentials of the isogenic isolates.

Effects of strain and stocking density on leg health, activity, and use of enrichments in conventional broiler chicken production

Conventional broiler production needs to evolve towards more animal-friendly production systems in order to meet increasing consumer concerns regarding animal welfare. Genetics and stocking density are 2 of the most promising leads to make this change possible. In this study, 6 strains with different growth rates (42-61 g/d) were reared at contrasting densities: 37 kg/m² (HD) and 29 kg/m² (LD). At the same body weight of 1.80-1.95 kg, we evaluated how growth rate and stocking density influenced broiler behaviors (general activity, interactions with enrichments), broiler health (mortality, leg problems, cleanliness and plumage growth) and litter quality. Density did not affect body weight, mortality or behaviors. For all strains, LD was associated with a lower prevalence of hock burns, a better gait score, and improved litter quality and broiler cleanliness. For the 3 strains most affected by pododermatitis, a lower prevalence was observed in LD than in HD pens. Fewer birds were inactive and more birds were standing and interacting with the enrichments (as proposed in the experiment) as soon as the growth rate was lower than that of the control strain (Ross 308). Others welfare indicators such as gait score, plumage growth improved as well. Litter humidity decreased with growth rate, contributing to better leg conditions and cleaner breasts. The prevalence of hock burns and certain behaviors (i.e., the proportion of birds grooming or walking/running) were not affected by growth rate. The proportion of birds foraging was higher at a lower growth rate. These results suggest that reducing growth rate as a preliminary measure, and reducing density as a supplementary one, would improve conventional broiler welfare.

Counting Your Chickens

ABSTRACT Suppose that, for reasons of animal welfare, it would be better if everyone stopped eating chicken. Does it follow that you should stop eating chicken? Proponents of the ‘inefficacy objection’ argue that, due to the scale and complexity of markets, the expected effects of your chicken purchases are negligible. So the expected effects of eating chicken do not make it wrong. We argue that this objection does not succeed, in two steps. First, empirical data about chicken production tells us that the expected effects of consuming many chickens are not negligible. Second, this implies that the expected effect of consuming one chicken is ordinarily not negligible. Parity between your purchase and other counterfactual purchases, and uncertainty about others’ consumption behaviour, each tend to pull the expected effect of a single purchase toward the average large scale effect. While some purchases do have negligible expected effects, many do not.

Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum) on Production, Fatty Acid Profile and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

Phytogenic feed additives play an important role in broilers' nutrition, contributing to the improvement of the performance and quality of meat. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum) on broiler chicken production, fatty acid profile, and meat quality. In the present study, 140-day-old Vencob-400 broiler chicks were divided into 7 groups, including the control group (with no additives, T0), and T1 to T6 groups receiving varying concentrations of cinnamon and ginger. Accordingly, the chickens’ diet in T1 was supplemented with 1.0% cinnamon, T2 with 2.0% cinnamon, T3 with 3.0% cinnamon, T4 with 1.0% ginger, T5 with 2.0% ginger, and T6 with 3.0% ginger, all calculated based on dry matter. The carcass traits, weight of immune organs, organoleptic tests, and fatty acid profile of meat (breast and thigh) were recorded after the age of 42 days. The findings indicated that the breast and thigh had the highest organ weights in group T4 compared to other groups, however, the neck, back, drumstick, wing, and heart were not affected. The inclusion of 2% cinnamon (T2) and 1% ginger (T4) in the diet, significantly enhanced the color, texture, flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability of the meat, compared to the diet of the control group. Adding a supplement of 2% cinnamon or 1% ginger powder to the diet of broiler chickens significantly decreased the percentage of total saturated fatty acid and increased the total unsaturated fatty acid (breast and thigh). The improvement in fatty acid composition is beneficial for the quality of the broiler meat. Based on these findings, it is recommended to supplement the diet of the broiler with either 2% cinnamon or 1% ginger powder to improve the carcass parameters and quality of the meat.

Landmarks in Quail Coccidiosis Research with Special Scrutiny to the Available Egyptian Literature: A Review

Quails are an important alternative to chicken production for protein sources, offering many advantages over other poultry species. However, raising quail faces certain challenges, such as a shortage of specified hatcheries and the lack of local markets for quail eggs and meat, particularly in Egypt. In addition, there is less interest in quail’s medication and vaccine production. A significant disease affecting the health and productivity of quails is coccidiosis, which is associated with poor feed conversion ratio, lower growth performance, heightened mortality, and high cost of vaccination and treatment. Attention to quail coccidiosis and its clinical forms, diagnosis, morphological characterization, control, and prevention is very critical for improving quail meat and egg production. This review compiles scientific data on quail coccidiosis, with a focus on literature from Egypt, for classification, data analysis, and processing.

Chicken Products from Chennai: Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Physicochemical and Microbial Quality from Different Retail Outlets

Chicken Products from Chennai: Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Physicochemical and Microbial Quality from Different Retail Outlets

EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF SALVIA OFFICINALIS AND CARDAMOM ON ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY OF BROILER CHICKENS

It is in considerable demand to produce poultry meat and eggs of superior quality at affordable costs without using growth promoters or antibiotics, so the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of Salvia officinalis and Cardamom on animal productivity of broiler chickens. This experiment was carried out at the poultry field of the Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University. Ninety unsexed, one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were employed. The results showed that the hemoglobin concentration, RBC counts and PCV of S. officinalis boilers and cardamom boilers indicated a significant (P≤0.05) elevated compared to the standard diet boilers. While, WBC count of S. officinalis boilers and cardamom boilers indicated non-significant (P≤0.05) elevated compared to the standard diet boilers. For antioxidant enzymes, the glutathione and catalase levels of S. officinalis boilers and cardamom boilers indicated a significant (P≤0.05) elevated compared to the standard diet boilers. Finally, total protein and albumin activities of S. officinalis boilers and cardamom boilers indicated a significant (P≤0.05) reduced compared to the standard diet boilers. It is concluded from the current study that both S. offcinalis and cardamom showed a stimulating effect on blood parameters and raising protein levels. S. offcinalis and cardamom can be considered an enhancer of the performance of broiler chickens.

Meat production and zoonotic disease outbreaks in Asia

AbstractIs there a link between meat production and infectious diseases? Researchers, policymakers and pundits argue that the growth of demand for meat in Asia can increase the risk of zoonotic diseases, pathogens that originate in animals and can be transmitted to humans. Using original data on zoonotic disease outbreaks in 22 Asian countries between 1996 and 2019, this study examines the impact of beef, chicken and pork production on zoonotic outbreaks—focussing on all diseases and disaggregated subcategories. Because such outbreaks lead to culling animals, data on inorganic chemical fertiliser use are used to identify the plausibly exogenous relationship flowing from meat production to outbreaks. Results indicate that in these countries, intensive meat production may have contributed to a 16%–300% rise (for a one‐million‐tonne increase in output) in zoonotic outbreak incidence. Findings also suggest this relationship is primarily driven by flu pathogens' higher sensitivity to meat production, with a one‐million‐tonne increase in output being associated with a 48%–530% rise in the number of predicted flu outbreaks. These results are consistent across numerous sensitivity analyses accounting for modelling, operationalisation, and data selection choices.

Shape variety of food can boost its visual appeal

We investigated whether food shape and its variety within a group affect visual appeal using a four-shaped fast-food chicken product known as Chicken McNuggets®. In Experiment 1, participants rated the visual appeal of each nugget shape both individually and when presented in groups of variously shaped nuggets. The results revealed that the rounder nugget was less visually appealing than those of other shapes. Additionally, assortments featuring various shapes were rated as more appealing than those of a single shape. In Experiment 2, the visual appeal of individual nuggets presented in groups and alone was assessed using a visual analog scale. The visual appeal of one specific nugget (target nugget) was higher when presented in a group than alone. Furthermore, a target nugget presented in a group with various shapes was more visually appealing than when presented in a group with the same shape, regardless of the shape of the target nugget. These results suggest that a food product with low visual appeal can be perceived as more appealing when it is presented alongside various food shapes. Indeed, the variety of food shapes presented in a group affected the perceived appeal both of the group and of the individual food item. These findings offer novel insights into the impact of food's visual variation on its appeal.

The effects of Artemisia Sieberi, Achillea Fragrantissima, and Olea Europaea leaves on the performance and physiological parameters in heat-stressed broiler chickens.

High temperatures have detrimental effects on the performance and physiology of broiler chickens. Medicinal plants have various biological activities and may enhance the heat resistance of chickens during heat waves. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential roles of using specific local medicinal plants to alleviate the negative impacts of heat stress (HS) in broilers. In this study, 180 day-old chicks were used to investigate the effects of HS and dietary indigenous medicinal plants on growth performance, antioxidant biomarkers, and intestinal health. The chicks were assigned to six groups (18 pens with 10 chicks per pen) with three replicates each. In the first group, the chicks were kept under thermoneutral conditions (CON) and fed a basal diet. The other five groups were exposed to recurrent heat stress and fed a basal diet (T1, HS group) or supplemented with Artemisia Sieberi (1.25 g/kg of feed; T2), Achillea Fragrantissima (15 g/kg of feed; T3), Olea europaea (10 g/kg of feed; T4), and all the previous additives (all-in-one) combined at the same dose levels mentioned above (T5). At 21 days of age, the chicks from each group were exposed to two phases of heat stress: phase 1 from days 21 to 34 (34 ± 1°C) followed by phase 2 from days 35 to 39 (37 ± 1°C). The results indicate that HS significantly increased rectal temperature and respiration rate in broiler chickens. Feed intake and body weight gain were improved in all supplemented groups, while the feed conversion ratio was decreased in response to the dietary inclusion of medicinal plants. Additionally, glutathione peroxidase and immunoglobulin G levels were increased in the T3, T4, and T5 groups compared to the other groups. HS induced significant upregulated in the mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 and interleukin-8, while the mRNA of occludin was decreased. The T3, T4, and T5 showed significantly decreased expression of hepatic HSP70 and ileum IL-8 genes and increased ileum mRNA occludin levels relative to the CON and T1 groups. In conclusion, supplementation with these plants enhances growth performance and maintains intestinal health sustaining the productivity of broiler chickens under HS conditions.

Use of GC-IMS and Stoichiometry to Characterize Flavor Volatiles in Different Parts of Lueyang Black Chicken during Slaughtering and Cutting.

Chilled and cut chicken is preferred by consumers for its safeness and readiness to cook. To evaluate the quality characteristics of various chilled chicken products, differences in volatile organic components (VOCs) of six different cut parts (breast, back, leg, heart, liver, and gizzard) of Lueyang black chicken were characterized through gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (GC-IMS) combined with stoichiometry. A total of 54 peaks in the signal of VOCs were detected by GC-IMS, and 43 VOCs were identified by qualitative analysis. There were 22 aldehydes (20.66-54.07%), 8 ketones (25.74-62.87%), 9 alcohols (4.17-14.69%), 1 ether (0.18-2.22%), 2 esters (0.43-1.54%), and 1 furan (0.13-0.52%), in which aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols were the main categories. Among the six cut parts, the relative content of aldehydes (54.07%) was the highest in the gizzard, and the relative content of ketones (62.87%) was the highest in the heart. Meanwhile, the relative content of alcohols (14.69%) was the highest in the liver. Based on a stable and reliable predictive model established by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (monomer and dimer), acetone, 2-butanone monomer, hexanal (monomer and dimer), isopentyl alcohol monomer, and n-hexanol monomer were picked out as characteristic VOCs based on variable importance in projection (VIP value > 1.0, p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) and the clustering heatmap indicated that the characteristic VOCs could effectively distinguish the six cut parts of Lueyang black chicken. The specific VOCs responsible for flavor differences among six different cut parts of Lueyang black chicken were hexanal (monomer and dimer) for the gizzard, 2-butanone monomer and hexanal dimer for the breast, hexanal monomer for the back, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone monomer for the leg, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (monomer and dimer) for the heart, and acetone and isopentyl alcohol monomer for the liver. These findings could reveal references for quality assessment and development of chilled products related to different cut parts of Lueyang black chicken in the future.

Optimization of Kampung Chicken Seedling Production Using the Monte Carlo Method (Case Study on Hacci Farm)

This research aims to optimize free-range chicken hatchery production at Hacci Farm using the Monte Carlo method, which is known for its ability to overcome uncertainty and variability in production. The data in this research uses chicken seed production data in 2022 and 2023 which is then used as input in the Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results reveal that the Monte Carlo method provides more accurate predictions regarding free-range chicken seed production. Through this simulation, Hacci Farm can predict the amount of free-range chicken hatchery production in the future and can prepare more effective strategic steps in hatchery management to increase operational efficiency, reduce risks, and maximize free-range chicken production results. The results of implementing the Monte Carlo method show quite high accuracy, namely 98.7% in 2022 and 97.95% in 2023, this can help in planning and managing resources optimally. It is hoped that the use of this method can make a significant contribution in increasing the quality and quantity of free-range chicken production at Hacci Farm, as well as providing a model that can be adopted by other farms for similar purposes.