South Side Of Chicago Research Articles

Hypertension Control in the University of Chicago Primary Care Group.

In Brief “Quality Improvement Success Stories” are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians, Inc., and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of Clinical Diabetes. The following article describes a successful project by faculty at the University of Chicago to improve blood pressure control among hypertensive patients at a general internal medicine clinic on the South Side of Chicago, Ill.

The Street Arcade: Creating Social Justice Videogames as a Platform for Community Dialogue

Over the summer of 2015, the Plug-In Studio (a new media art collective that we founded) collaborated with a group of African American teen artists from Chicago's South Side on a series of art vide...

Suppose They Are Communists! The Unemployed Councils and the 1933 Chicago Sopkin Dressmakers’ Strike

In the summer of 1933, Claude Lightfoot, a Black Communist on Chicago's South Side, witnessed an incredible scene. A group of striking African American women met with a local Black politician, Osca...

Abstract C79: Use of social network analysis to examine racial disparities in screening colonoscopy referral

Abstract Background: In Illinois for the year 2016, colorectal cancer (CRC) is projected to cause 2,030 deaths, making it the leading cause of non-tobacco related cancer mortality. African American (AA) Illinois residents have an approximately 7% greater incidence and a 30% higher mortality rate when compared to white residents. Guideline consistent routine screening is known to reduce death related to CRC. Screening colonoscopy is the most commonly performed CRC screening test. However, African Americans are known to have lower rates of both screening and diagnostic colonoscopy completion compared to whites. Chicago's South Side includes 34 of the city's 77 recognized community areas and is home to a combined population of more than 800,000 residents, of whom greater than 75% are African American. The contiguous communities that make up the South Side cover approximately 60% of Chicago's land area. There are 41 facilities throughout Chicago that perform outpatient screening colonoscopy, of with 13 (32%) are located on Chicago's South Side. The University of Chicago Medical Center (UCMC) is the largest healthcare provider on the South Side and represents 30% of the local capacity for screening colonoscopy services. Objective: The objectives of this study were to use social network analysis (SNA) to explore the structure of the screening colonoscopy referral network utilized by community-based primary care physicians for colonoscopies that were completed at the UCMC during calendar years 2013 and 2014. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all individuals who completed a screening colonoscopy during years 2013 and 2014 at the UCMC. Screening colonoscopies were identified using CPT codes: G0105 and G0121. For each screening colonoscopy procedure, the referring PCP and colonoscopy provider (colonoscopist) were identified from screening colonoscopy procedure reports. A referral-tie was assigned between a PCP and colonoscopist, if the PCP's name was listed as the referring physician on the procedure report and the colonoscopist's name was listed as the performing physician. SNA was performed using UCINet for windows and network mapping was performed using Netdraw. Descriptive statistics were performed using STATA 13.1. Results: 405 outpatient screening colonoscopies were completed during the study interval (mean age, 58.4 ± 10 years; 62% female; 40% AA, 44% white). 60% of patients were privately insured, 31% Medicare, and 10% were public insurance or uninsured. A total of 261 individual community PCPs were identified as referring physicians, with a mean frequency of referrals/PCP of 1.18 ± 0.85 and a range of 1 referral up to 25 referrals. Following a SNA of PCP to colonoscopist referral ties, the resulting referral network exhibited a core/periphery structure. 13 PCPs (5%) belonged to the network core and 248 (95%) belonged to the network periphery. PCPs who belonged to the network core had a greater mean referral rate compared to the periphery (3.77 vs. 1.05 referrals; p<0.001). PCPs who belonged to the network core accounted for 24% of referrals for AA patients versus 4% for whites (p<0.001). Conclusions: The screening colonoscopy referral network at the UCMC exhibits a core/periphery structure. Amongst AA patients, screening colonoscopy referrals were disproportionately clustered within the network core amongst a highly inter-connected group of community-based PCPs. This variation in referral patterns indicates that patient characteristics, such as race, may affect the structure of the screening colonoscopy referral network. These variations in the structure of the referral network may impact PCP referral behavior and subsequently patient recommendation for and utilization of CRC screening. Screening colonoscopy referral networks may represent an under-recognized determinant of racial disparities in CRC screening. Citation Format: Keith B. Naylor, Olufemi Kassim, Karen E. Kim, John Schneider. Use of social network analysis to examine racial disparities in screening colonoscopy referral. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C79.

Pharmacy accessibility and cost-related underuse of prescription medications in low-income Black and Hispanic urban communities

ObjectivesPolicy efforts to reduce the cost of prescription medications in the US have failed to reduce disparities in cost-related underuse. Little is known about the relationships between pharmacy accessibility, utilization, and cost-related underuse of prescription medications among residents of low-income minority communities. The aim of this work was to examine the association between pharmacy accessibility, utilization, and cost-related underuse of prescription medications among residents of predominantly low-income Black and Hispanic urban communities. MethodsData from a population-based probability sample of adults 35 years of age and older residing on the South Side of Chicago in 2012-2013 were linked with the use of geocoded information on the type and location of the primary and the nearest pharmacy. Multivariable regression models were used to examine associations between pharmacy accessibility, utilization of and travel distance to the primary pharmacy, and cost-related underuse overall and by pharmacy type. ResultsOne-third of South Side residents primarily filled their prescriptions at the pharmacy nearest to their home. Among those who did not use mail order, median distance traveled from home to the primary pharmacy was 1.2 miles. Residents whose primary pharmacy was at a community health center or clinic where they usually received care traveled the farthest but were least likely to report cost-related underuse of their prescription medications. ConclusionMost residents of minority communities on Chicago’s South Side were not using the pharmacies closest to their home to obtain their prescription medications. Efforts to improve access to prescription medications in these communities should focus on improving the accessibility of affordable pharmacies at site of care.

Perceived Dual Method Responsibilities by Relationship Type Among African-American Male Adolescents

PurposeTo describe the extent to which African-American male adolescents perceive responsibility for contraception and condom use and to understand the perceived importance of dual method use for respondents in casual versus committed relationships. MethodsData were collected using surveys informed by formative focus group sessions. Participants included African-American male high-school students aged 14–19 years from the Chicago's South Side. Respondents were surveyed regarding contraceptive behavioral intentions and perceived importance of dual method use. Responses were compared by relationship type. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine the association between contraception responsibility and perceiving dual method protection as important for each sexual relationship type. ResultsSample included 348 young men (mean age: 16.1 years; mean age at first sex: 13.8 years). Among those who had heard of condoms (99.4%) and withdrawal (90.4%), most reported liking these methods (83.7% and 53.9%). Participants were more likely to report greater responsibility within a committed relationship for all perceived contraceptive responsibilities (e.g., going with partner to get contraception). Participants were more likely to engage in conversation about pregnancy prevention with a committed partner. Among sexually active respondents, perceived contraceptive responsibility was associated with perceiving dual protection as very important (odds ratio = 1.58; 95% confidence interval = 1.05–2.38). ConclusionsRespondents felt partially responsible for pregnancy prevention, particularly within committed relationships, and were open to using dual protection. However, many respondents had low levels of contraception knowledge. These findings indicate that male African-American adolescents might benefit from increased education and support around contraception methods and condom use.

Barriers and Facilitators toward HIV Testing and Health Perceptions among African-American Men Who Have Sex with Women at a South Side Chicago Community Health Center: A Pilot Study.

In the United States, African-Americans’ (AAs) HIV infection rates are higher than any other racial group, and AA men who have sex with women (MSW) are a significant proportion of new cases. There is little research into AA MSW HIV/AIDS knowledge, barriers, and facilitators of HIV testing in Chicago. We enrolled a convenience sample of AA MSW from a community health clinic who completed self-administered surveys assessing HIV knowledge and testing-related barriers and facilitators. The survey was a combination of questions from several validated instruments, and additional questions were written based on key informant interviews with social scientists to tailor the questionnaire for AA men living on the South Side of Chicago. We recruited 20 AA MSW (mean age 47.4 years). Sixty-five percent had incomes <$10,000/year, 30% were insured, and 50% had post-secondary education. Despite low socioeconomic status, their HIV literacy was relatively high. The identified major barriers to testing were low perceived HIV risk, concerns over privacy, and external stigma at testing sites. Future efforts should focus on educating AA MSW on actual risk for HIV and address issues of privacy and stigma at testing sites.

Black Women at Arms: The Underrepresentation of Black Servicewomen in the US History Curriculum

BLACK HISTORY BULLETIN VOL. 80, NO. 2 | 21 80 No.2 BLACK WOMEN AT ARMS: THE UNDERREPRESENTATION OF BLACK SERVICEWOMEN IN THE US HISTORY CURRICULUM By Calvin L. Halliman Jr. I grew up in the South Side of Chicago, known for its varied ethnic composition and a broad array of cultural and social offerings. I was nurtured and mentored by six strong maternal role models—my mother, both grandmothers, and three aunts. They are distinctively different, but the common thread is that they love me, care for me, and protect me with their lives. Thinking about them reminded me of the sacrifices that Black women make every day for their loved ones, and I lament that I did not think about the sacrifices they have made for the US in times of war. On my journey to discover as much as I could about the past and present accomplishments and difficulties of the brave Black women who played key roles in historic wars, I read something very profound: Herbert Kohl’s seminal essay “I Won’t Learn from You.” Unlearning racist and sexist language habits is part of the struggle against racism and sexism. I have learned new habits of inclusion and exclusion in reference. I think about nouns and pronouns and their references with greater precision than before, and I raise political questions about language in ways that have increased my insight into miseducation through language. For example, when I read “American teenagers think that,” or “teachers believe that,” or “the average American is,” I have to stop and search for the specifics of the reference. Does the average American teenager live in Harlem or Hanover? Does the teacher work in a private school or a public school, in a rural, urban, or suburban school? Who has been honored to be the average American of the week? Claims like these, so common in the media and in school textbooks, dismiss complex issues with glib generalizations. Sloppy habits of reference lead not only to loose thinking, but to the continued avoidance of dealing with social, racial, and gender issues that must be solved in order for this society to approximate its claims to democracy.1 After reading Kohl’s essay, I had two epiphanies. First, the majority of the textbooks that I had read in my childhood omitted cultural facts. Second, the representation of females by male adjectives and pronouns is sexist. It forced me to look at life with a scope I had never imagined. The vocabulary I use daily has been compromised since the day I learned it. The word History itself is extremely problematic. Are we talking about History that has been created by a human that we would describe as an educated White male, or are we talking about Ourstory that has been compiled by everyone? How can I discuss historical facts about Black women service members, but not even refer to it as Herstory? To truly understand what I am expressing in these words, one must remove that veil in front of his eyes, and see the world through a new set of eyes—a set of eyes willing to unlearn to relearn Herstory. The Depths of Disconnect in Relation to Portrayals of Herstory In addition to being from Chicago, I am Jamaican by way of my paternal lineage. Reading more of Kohl’s essay, I began to connect the classroom experiences Kohl had with young Latino students in San Antonio, Texas, to the experiences I had learning about Jamaica in school. The teacher didn’t ask for attention but instead started to read the text himself. It went something like, “The 22 | BLACK HISTORY BULLETIN VOL. 80, NO. 2 80 No.2 first people to settle Texas arrived from New England and the South in . . .” Two boys in the back put their hands in their eyes, there were a few giggles and some murmuring . . . I went up front, reread the sentence from the book, and asked the class to raise their hands if they believed what I had just read. A few of them became alert, though they looked at me suspiciously as I continued, “This is lies nonsense. In fact, I think the...

Letting the Sun in: Redeveloping a Derelict Office Building in Chicago

Obtaining community development bank support for renovating a derelict city-owned building in Chicago's South Side was just part of the challenge. Despite being seasoned residential real estate investors, a couple must nonetheless overcome many hurdles: Obtaining bank financing, participating in extensive city project review and approval, meeting elaborate labor requirements, and attaining Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification, among others. Excerpt UVA-ENT-0156 Rev. Dec. 7, 2012 LETTING THE SUN IN: REDEVELOPING A DERELICT OFFICE BUILDING IN CHICAGO The yellow taxi pulled over to the curb, and Clarence Hall climbed into the back seat, sliding over to allow his wife, Lisa, to enter. The driver, of Middle Eastern origin, glanced in his rear-view mirror expectantly. “Cafe Trinidad, 75th Street, please,” Clarence said. . . .

The Shadow Behind the Real: Spike Lee Does Chicago

When he began principal shooting in Chicago in summer 2015, Spike Lee assured audiences that Chi-Raq would engage the issue of violence on Chicago's South Side with intention and purpose. Chicagoans were skeptical because of Lee's use of the portmanteau phrase, which had been the subject of much debate in the city, as the film's title. Written almost entirely in verse, Chi-Raq is an adaptation of classical Greek playwright Aristophanes's comedy Lysistrata that marks an extension of Lee's use of satire. Despite Lee's promises, he flails outside of his native Brooklyn. The film primarily adopts a didactic and reductionist view, blaming black Chicagoans for their own “self-inflicted genocide” and encouraging them to put their trust in the notoriously corrupt Chicago Police Department.

The relationship between life stressors and drug and sexual behaviors among a population-based sample of young Black men who have sex with men in Chicago

ABSTRACTYounger Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) have the highest rates of HIV incidence in the U.S. and are also exposed to high life stressors (e.g., unemployment, incarceration, and exposure to communality). This study assessed whether life stressors were related to drug use and sexual risk behaviors among a representative sample of YBMSM. The South Side of Chicago and selected adjacent suburbs represents the most populous contiguous Black community in the U.S. Over 10% of the estimated YBMSM population in this geographic region were sampled. Major findings indicated that higher life stress was significantly associated with greater odds of transactional sex (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.09–4.39), substance use with sex with male and transgender partners (aOR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.09–2.39), marijuana (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.43–4.90), crack/cocaine (aOR = 3.21; 95% CI 1.16–8.88), and prescription opioid use (aOR = 3.12; 95% CI 1.37–7.13). HIV approaches which focus on environmental stressors and employ a stress and coping framework may support the reduction of drug and sexual risk behaviors among YBMSM. Cognitive and social support approaches might be especially useful in this regard.

Media Arts Education in the Post-Racial Classroom: An Interview with Janaya Greene About the Short Film, Veracity

In the fall of 2013, during her senior year at Gwendolyn Brooks College Preparatory Academy in South Side Chicago, Janaya Greene wrote the screenplay for the short film, Veracity, in her film study class. With the support of their teacher, Mr. Eugene Hazzard, Janaya and her classmates participated in Scenarios USA’s curriculum and national writing competition (www.scenariosusa.org). Middle and high school students in Chicago, New York, and Cleveland wrote stories and screenplays in response to the question, What’s the Real Deal About Power and Place? Along with winning submissions from New York and Cleveland, a national selection committee chose Veracity to be transformed into a short film. Veracity explores what it means to come out in high school from the point of view of two African American female characters. In this interview, screen writer Greene talks with art education professor Karyn Sandlos about how media stereotypes shaped her experiences growing up, and how a film about same sex desire and friendship between two young Black women is provoking critical conversations amongst audiences of middle and high school students.

A Community-Powered, Asset-Based Approach to Intersectoral Urban Health System Planning in Chicago.

To describe, and provide a nomenclature and taxonomy for classifying, the economic sectors and functional assets that could be mobilized as partners in an intersectoral health system. MAPSCorps (Meaningful, Active, Productive Science in Service to Community) employed local youths to conduct a census of all operating assets (businesses and organizations) on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, in 2012. We classified assets by primary function into sectors and described asset and sector distribution and density per 100 000 population. We compared empirical findings with the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) conceptual representation and description of intersectoral health system partners. Fifty-four youths mapped a 62-square-mile region over 6 weeks; we classified 8376 assets into 23 sectors. Sectors with the most assets were food (n = 1214; 230/100 000 population), trade services (n = 1113; 211/100 000), and religious worship (n = 974;185/100 000). Several large, health-relevant sectors (2499 assets) were identified in the region but not specified in the IOM's representation. Governmental public health, central to the IOM concept, had no physical presence in the region. Local youths identified several thousand assets across a broad diversity of sectors that could partner in an intersectoral health system. Empirically informed iteration of the IOM concept will facilitate local translation and propagation.

Geographic disparities in access to urban trauma care: defining the problem and identifying a solution for gunshot wound victims in Chicago

BackgroundTimely transport to designated trauma centers impacts mortality following serious injury. We examined whether the distribution of trauma centers in Chicago has created disparities in access to trauma care. MethodsUsing the Illinois State Trauma Registry, locations of Chicago-area gunshot wounds (GSWs) from 1999 to 2009 were geocoded and transport times were analyzed for pediatric (age ≤ 15) and adult (age ≥ 16) GSWs. ResultsA total of 11,744 included pediatric and adult GSWs were analyzed. Adults experienced longer mean transport times (11.3 vs 10.2 minutes, P < .001). Disproportionate numbers of adult GSW victims experienced over 30-minute transport times on Chicago's south side. Pediatric GSWs demonstrated no such disparity, likely attributable to the presence of a pediatric trauma center on the southeast side. ConclusionsGeographic disparities in access to trauma care exist even within urban trauma systems. The absence of an adult trauma center on Chicago's southeast side has contributed to these disparities.

Health-Specific Information and Communication Technology Use and Its Relationship to Obesity in High-Poverty, Urban Communities: Analysis of a Population-Based Biosocial Survey.

BackgroundMore than 35% of American adults are obese. For African American and Hispanic adults, as well as individuals residing in poorer or more racially segregated urban neighborhoods, the likelihood of obesity is even higher. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) may substitute for or complement community-based resources for weight management. However, little is currently known about health-specific ICT use among urban-dwelling people with obesity.ObjectiveWe describe health-specific ICT use and its relationship to measured obesity among adults in high-poverty urban communities.MethodsUsing data collected between November 2012 and July 2013 from a population-based probability sample of urban-dwelling African American and Hispanic adults residing on the South Side of Chicago, we described patterns of ICT use in relation to measured obesity defined by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2. Among those with BMI≥30 kg/m2, we also assessed the association between health-specific ICT use and diagnosed versus undiagnosed obesity as well as differences in health-specific ICT use by self-reported comorbidities, including diabetes and hypertension.ResultsThe survey response rate was 44.6% (267 completed surveys/598.4 eligible or likely eligible individuals); 53.2% were African American and 34.6% were Hispanic. More than 35% of the population reported an annual income of less than US $25,000. The population prevalence of measured obesity was 50.2%. People with measured obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) were more likely to report both general (81.5% vs 67.0%, P=.04) and health-specific (61.1% vs 41.2%, P=.01) ICT use. In contrast, among those with measured obesity, being told of this diagnosis by a physician was not associated with increased health-specific ICT use. People with measured obesity alone had higher rates of health-specific use than those with comorbid hypertension and/or diabetes diagnoses (77.1% vs 60.7% vs 47.4%, P=.04).ConclusionsIn conclusion, ICT-based health resources may be particularly useful for people in high-poverty urban communities with isolated measured obesity, a population that is at high risk for poor health outcomes.

CommunityRx: Connecting health care to self-care for women with breast and gynecologic cancer on Chicago's South Side

CommunityRx: Connecting health care to self-care for women with breast and gynecologic cancer on Chicago's South Side

Railroad bridge monitoring using wireless smart sensors

Railroads carry more than 40% of the freight, in terms of tons per mile transported in North America. A critical portion of the railroad infrastructure is the more than 100,000 bridges, which occur, on the average, every 1.4 miles of track. Railroads have a limited budget for capital investment. Therefore, decisions on which bridges to repair/replace become critical for both safety and economy. North American railroads regularly inspected bridges to ensure safe operation that can meet transport demands, using inspection reports to decide which bridges may need maintenance, replacement, or further investigation. Current bridge inspection practices recommend observing bridge responses under live load to help assess bridge condition. However, measuring bridge responses under train loads in the field is a challenging, expensive, and complex task. This research explores the potential of using wireless smart sensors (WSS) to measure bridge responses under revenue service traffic that can be used to inform bridge management decisions. Wireless strain gages installed on the rail measure real-time train loads. Wireless accelerometers and magnetic strain gages installed in the bridge measure associated bridge responses. The system is deployed and validated on a double-track steel truss bridge on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, owned by the Canadian National Railway. A calibrated finite element model of the bridge with known train input load estimated the responses of the bridge at arbitrary, unmeasured locations, showing the possibility of applying the system for decision making process. These results demonstrate the potential of WSS technology to assist with railroad bridge inspection and management practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Moral Imperatives and Political Realities: Edward Marciniak and the Fight to End Chicago’s Dual Housing Market

EDWARD MARCINIAK (1917-2004) was a major force in Catholic and civic affairs in Chicago. For some he was and has remained an enigma. Msgr. John Egan, a leader in justice issues, said of Marciniak, Ed never followed the parade. If there's a voice of conscience in this town, it's Mar- ciniak____He never trims his sails. Mayor Richard J. Daley noted: can always believe his answers____His social conscience, his concern for others, is as deep as his knowledge of the city and its people. But there were others who adamantly disagreed. Elinor Richey Soderberg, an African American free-lance writer, was so angered by Marciniak in 1963 that she wrote him the following postcard: Sometimes when you are in your bed at night doesn't your soul ache for the lies you concocted for the sake of ameliorating a vicious democracy-crushing political machine? A year after Marciniak's death, Alderman Leon Depres of the Fifth Ward, who once supported him, portrayed Marciniak as an obstacle to racial justice, claiming in his autobiography that he provided for Daley an essentially political cover-up.1Was Marciniak a pawn or a misguided do-gooder who got in over his head when Richard J. Daley tapped him to be Director of the Chicago Commission on Human Relations in i960 as the Civil Rights Movement built momentum? Or was he consistent in the mission he set out for himself as a young man to make Chicago a better and more just place for all? Why would an idealist such as Marciniak work for Richard J. Daley, who according to historian Roger Biles, held atavistic racial views?2 At first glance there seemed to be an irresolvable conflict between this progressive social idealist and his service in Mayor Daley's cabinet. Pubic service working for a political and public leader required Marciniak to moderate his clarion voice for racial justice in order to be an advisor and mediator. This role change caused consternation on the part of some in the Civil Rights Movement.Edward Marciniak was a man to be reckoned with in the Chicago Catholic community and in the affairs of the city. His life, religion, and work were one. He often said that it was a pity if a person was unemployed, but it was tragic if someone did not have a vocation in life. He had a vocation and it compelled his engagement in the issues of his time from union organizing to fighting economic and social injustice. The years he served as the Director of the Chicago Commission on Human Relations (CCHR) under Richard J. Daley between i960 and 1967 were defining for Chicago and for Marciniak. His unique religious and socio-political perspective informed his work and his role working to end Chicago's segregated housing market. In i960 civil rights change was inevitable, the nature and pace of that change was not.Edward Marciniak's Social ConscienceMarciniak was the first of three children born to a Polish immigrant steel worker a-nd the daughter of Polish immigrants. The family moved frequently around the South Side of Chicago during the Great Depression and eventually settled in Brighton Park, a working-class neighborhood within smelling distance of the city's Union Stock Yards, where they opened a small grocery store. He grew up working in the store along with his parents and brother and sister. Marciniak spent his high school years at the archdiocesan preparatory seminary but did not to go on to prepare for the priesthood. He experienced a vertigo of indecision, he wrote a friend. became certain that my job as an instrument of God's will was to be accomplished in the world I was going to be a lay agitator-God willing, he wrote. wanted to give my body, my mind, my heart, my life to whatever cause Christ's revolution demanded. I made no definite plans. How could I? My job was to do whatever came along.3Marciniak (Figure 1) was profoundly influenced by his religious training both at home and at school. Marciniak believed that all people were called to perfect the kingdom of God on earth. …

Describing abortion attitudes among young, African American men

ObjectivesThis paper describes African American teenaged males' attitudes and perspectives on abortion. MethodsData were derived from a larger cross-sectional survey of African American males aged 14–19, living in the south side of Chicago. ResultsAcceptability of abortion varied by partner type, such that 60% of teenagers felt abortion was acceptable with a casual partner while 37% found it acceptable with committed partners (p<.001). Acceptability also varied by sociocontextual factors, and with overarching uncertainty or inconsistency. ConclusionsTeenaged African American males have uniquely complex attitudes toward abortion.

Abstract B80: Use of geographic information systems to visualize the screening colonoscopy referral network of the University of Chicago Medical Center

Abstract Background: In Illinois for the year 2015, colorectal cancer (CRC) is projected to cause 2,090 deaths, making it the leading cause of non-tobacco related cancer mortality. African American Illinois residents have an approximately 7% greater incidence and a 30% higher mortality rate when compared to white residents. Guideline consistent routine screening is known to reduce death due to CRC. Screening colonoscopy is the most commonly performed CRC screening test. However, African Americans are known to have low rates of screening colonoscopy and diagnostic colonoscopy completion compared to whites. Chicago's South Side includes 34 of the city's 77 recognized community areas and is home to a combined population of more than 800,000 residents, of whom greater than 75% are African American. The contiguous communities that make up the South Side cover approximately 60% of Chicago's land area. There are 41 facilities throughout Chicago that perform outpatient screening colonoscopy, of with 13 (32%) are located on Chicago's South Side. The University of Chicago Medical Center (UCMC) is the largest healthcare provider on the South Side and represents 30% of the local capacity for screening colonoscopy services. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to use geographic information systems (GIS) and geospatial analysis to explore the distribution of patients who completed a screening colonoscopy at the UCMC during calendar year 2014 and to visualize the associated physician referral network. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all individuals who completed a screening colonoscopy during calendar year 2014 at UCMC. Screening colonoscopies were identified through CPT codes: G0105 (Colorectal cancer screening; colonoscopy on individual at high risk) and G0121 (Colorectal cancer screening; colonoscopy on individual no meeting criteria for high risk). Mapping and spatial analysis were performed using ArcMap version 10.1. Descriptive statistics were performed using STATA 13.1. Results: During calendar year 2014, 1632 outpatient screening colonoscopies were completed on 1592 patients (mean age, 59 years; 36% male; 49% AA, 29% white). Of the 1,632 screening colonoscopy procedures, 1,017 (62%) were completed on patients with ZIP codes located within Chicago's South Side (mean age, 59 years; 33% male; 63%AA, 17% white). Of the 1,017 colonoscopies performed on South Side residents, 102 (10%) were completed as a result of a referral from an external non-UCMC affiliated physician and 915 (90%) were completed as a result of a referral from a UCMC affiliated physician. Conclusions: The majority of patients who completed a screening colonoscopy at UCMC during calendar year 2014 were residents of the South Side. However, only 10% of the screening colonoscopies completed on South Side residents were related to referrals obtained from non-UCMC affiliated physicians. These results may indicate the presence of a weak referral network between the largest local healthcare provider, UCMC, and local South Side physicians for screening colonoscopy. Citation Format: Keith B. Naylor, Olufemi Kassim, Karen E. Kim. Use of geographic information systems to visualize the screening colonoscopy referral network of the University of Chicago Medical Center. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B80.