I. INTRODUCTION The objective of this analysis is to examine changes in racial discrimination over time. The labor market literature indicates that black-white wage differentials have declined substantially in the last 45 years, and most of that decline came before 1980.(1) However, the degree to which this was due to altered attitudes among whites, increased productivity among blacks, or corrective legislation is debated.(2) Most studies are not able to effectively test the hypothesis of changes in attitudes, as attitudes are very difficult to observe. Some activities may be very indicative of attitudes, though. Take voting for baseball's annual Game. Each vote is cast anonymously; the voter gets neither praise nor censure. The cost of voting is low - ballots are freely supplied at ballparks, and filling them out takes but a minute or two. To a large degree, the reward is in the voting itself; the voter is able to express his/her opinion on an issue of interest. There are no rules to be followed; a fan can vote for a player because of his ability, reputation, performance, team, age, appearance, color, or anything else. The vote is as close to a pure expression of preference as is likely to be found. If fans prefer white players to black, all else equal, black players should receive fewer votes than equivalent whites. If those preferences change, the vote differential should change in tandem. This is the test that this article applies, in an examination of voting from 1970 to 1996. Baseball has long been a useful source of discrimination studies - it has a clear and unambiguous history of discrimination in which owners, players, and fans have all been implicated.(3) There are two particular advantages in looking to baseball for evidence of changes in discriminatory attitudes: baseball has not been as directly influenced by the equal opportunity and affirmative action laws that are argued to have helped close the black-white wage gap, and baseball productivity can be controlled for in a relatively precise fashion. While changes in the wage may have a variety of causes, changes in an All-Star vote gap more plausibly reflect changes in attitudes. Therefore, if we find the variance in votes unexplained by other factors and correlated with race has shrunk over time, we will take it as support for the hypothesis that discriminatory attitudes have weakened. The article will proceed as follows: Section II discusses the vote and the underlying model. Section III presents the analysis. Section IV concludes. II. THE ALL-STAR GAME Baseball's Game has been played every year (and twice per year for a short period) since 1933, with the exception of the war year of 1945. It is held in the middle of the season, and pits the best players from each of Major League Baseball's (MLB) two leagues (the National and the American) against each other. Various methods of selecting teams have gone in and out of vogue. The game was first established through the efforts of Arch Ward, sports editor of the Chicago Tribune, as a special part of the 1933 Chicago World's Fair. Ballots were printed in the Tribune and in several other major newspapers, and fans voted for their favorite stars. Fan voting was dropped two years later in favor of selection by baseball's managers, only to be re-instituted in 1947, and abandoned a second time (after ballot-stuffing by Cincinnati Reds fans led to the election of seven Reds to the starting line-up) in 1957. From 1958 to 1969, the starting line-ups were chosen by a vote of the players themselves. In 1970, baseball commissioner Bowie Kuhn re-established the fan vote amid much ballyhoo. The new system was a popular success, and has remained in place ever since. This study analyzes and compares fan votes over 26 years. It begins with 1970, the year that the fan vote was re-established, ends with 1996, and fills in the middle with the votes of 1971, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1985, and 1990. …