Chi-square Test Results Research Articles

Correlation between Oral Contraceptive Use and the Incidence of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the cervix and is the second most common type of cancer experienced by women in the world. Causes of cervical cancer include HPV infection, use of oral contraceptives, age of marriage, parity and exposure to cigarette smoke. This study aims to determine the correlation between oral contraceptive use and the incidence of cervical cancer. This literature study research involved secondary data derived from the Google Scholar, Research Gate and Science Direct databases. The keywords applied in the study were oral contraceptives, birth control pills AND cervical cancer. The journals involved were searched for similarities, dissimilarities and compared to one another. As mentioned in 11 journals, long-term use of oral contraceptives of ≥5 years could increase the risk of cervical cancer. Furthermore, three journals stated the grade of cervical precancerous lesions of CIN 2/3 as the risk factor of cervical cancer, and two journals stated the grade of cervical cancer of stage 2/2+ as the risk factor of cervical cancer. Based on the chi-square test results, 4 journals presented a significance value (p-value) of <0.05, which indicated a correlation between oral contraceptives and the incidence of cervical cancer. 9 other journals found the highest OR value = 9.11 and the lowest OR = 1.50 which meant that women who used Oral contraceptives were 9 times more at risk of developing cervical cancer. Oral contraceptive use was associated with cervical cancer based on the duration of use of more than 5 years and led to a risk of causing CIN 2/3 among women. There were other factors that could affect the incidence of cervical cancer, namely age of marriage, parity and exposure to cigarette smoke.

Hubungan Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminth dengan Status Gizi Balita di Desa Tesabela, Kabupaten Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Helminthiasis infection is one of the diseases that still occurs in the surrounding community. One type of helminthiasis disease that results in infection is the STH worm. Nutritional status problems are commonly encountered in various provinces of Indonesia which results in the quality of oneself for the future will be affected. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between helminthiasis infections and nutritional status in toddlers based on anthropometric measurements using weight and height indices. The type of research used is descriptive with a Cross sectional research design. Data that has been collected from 62 patients was described to link STH infection with Nutritional Status in Toddlers. The results of the study stated that there was no relationship between Soil Transmitted Helminth infection and gisi status in toddlers in Tesabela Village, West Kupang District with chis-quare test results, obtained a value of P=0.953 (P>a0.05).

The Relationship of Spirituality with Coping Mechanism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia

Aim: Apart from the obvious health consequences, diabetes mellitus leads in unfavorable psychological responses that can lead to emotional problems. Individual coping techniques for lowering stress and making treatment decisions in which spirituality plays a significant role. The study aimed was to determine the relationship between spirituality and the coping mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: This is correlational study with cross-sectional approach. Total sampling was used to collect data from 54 people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The spirituality instrument uses the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) and the coping mechanism uses The Brief Cope. Statistical analysis using chi-square. Results: The results showed that most respondents had moderate spirituality (59,3%) and adaptive coping mechanisms (55.6%). The chi-square test results obtained a P-value of 0.008, so there is a relationship between spirituality and coping mechanisms in type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the respondents had moderate spirituality and adaptive coping mechanisms. Spirituality and adaptive coping skills are predicted to be enhanced by nurses, particularly in populations at risk for chronic disease.

Menstrual Cycle Length and Dysmenorrhea in Female Adolescents Aged 9-18 Years

Abstract
 Objective: To determine the relationship between menstrual cycle length and dysmenorrhea in female adolescents aged 9-18 years in Sang Timur Tomang School West Jakarta.
 Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study approach to conduct observational analytic research. The study samples were female students aged 9-18 years in Sang Timur Tomang School. Study data were obtained through the Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System (VMSS) questionnaire in Indonesian. The Chi-square test of independence was used to determine the relationship between menstrual cycle length and dysmenorrhea.
 Results: From a total of 137 respondents, 38% have abnormal menstrual cycle length. Eighty-two-point-seven percent of respondents who have abnormal menstrual cycle length experienced dysmenorrhea, and 17,3% of participants who have abnormal menstrual cycle length did not experience dysmenorrhea. Chi-square test results showed a significant relationship between menstrual cycle length and dysmenorrhea in female adolescents aged 9-18 years in Sang Timur Tomang School West Jakarta (p = 0,005).
 Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between menstrual cycle length and dysmenorrhea in female adolescents aged 9-18 years in Sang Timur Tomang School West Jakarta.
 Keywords: female adolescents, dysmenorrhea, menstrual cycle, menstrual cycle length

HUBUNGAN SIKAP, PELATIHAN K3, KETERSEDIAAN APD DENGAN KEJADIAN KECELAKAAN KERJA DI PROYEK SEKOLAH KRISTEN CALVIN PT. TOTAL BANGUN PERSADA TBK TAHUN 2022

The construction sector is a dynamic field that contains the risk of accident hazards. In 2022, at the Calvin Christian School Project there was a work accident caused by human and machine factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to work accidents among workers at PT. Total Bangun Persada, Tbk Calvin Christian School Project in 2022. This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional research design, namely research that observes subjects with a single approach and is carried out only once. The sample is construction workers as many as 83 construction workers. The instruments in this study used measurements and questionnaires regarding attitudes, OSH training and the availability of PPE. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test. Based on the results of the study it was found that there was a significant relationship between attitude and the incidence of work accidents using the chi-square test (p=0.004 <0.05) with an OR of 3.911. There is a significant relationship between OSH training and the incidence of work accidents from the chi-square test result (p=0.034 <0.05), there is a significant relationship between the availability of personal protective equipment and the incidence of work accidents from the chi-square test result (p=0.001 <0.05 ). It is hoped that the project management will be able to improve the attitude of workers who do not comply with using personal protective equipment, as well as hold regular OSH training and monitor PPE supplies so that PPE is available.

Pengaruh Faktor Risiko terhadap Kejadian Peningkatan Kadar Enzim Transaminase pada Pasien Covid-19 dengan Terapi Tocilizumab

Abstract: Tocilizumab is an anti-IL-6 which is recommended as cytokine release syndrome therapy in the treatment of Covid-19. One of the side effects of tocilizumab that can occur is hepatotoxicity, from mild elevated transaminases to severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Currently, research related to tocilizumab hepatotoxicity and the risk factors affecting Covid-19 patients is limited and still needs to conduct. This research is an observational study with cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out retrospectively using secondary data obtained from medical records department, patients with Covid-19 at Universitas Indonesia Hospital in 2020-2021. Patients confirmed with positive Covid-19 receiving Tocilizumab therapy in medical record were included in this study. Patient demographics, clinical diagnoses, laboratory examinations, history of others medication were also reviewed. Patients with less than 18 years old, incomplete medical record data, and referred to other hospitals were excluded. The sampling technique used was total sampling, namely all patients who met the inclusion criteria were taken as subject in this research. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between each risk factors and the incidence of elevated transaminases. The results of Chi-square test showed that several risk factors significantly increased the incidence of elevated transaminases in patients given tocilizumab therapy, including age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and ceftriaxone as antibiotic therapy.

Kepatuhan Mengkonsumsi Tablet Fe dan Status Gizi Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Lempake Kota Samarinda

Anemia is a condition when the hemoglobin level in the blood is lower than normal. Anemia can cause miscarriage, preeclampsia, prematurity, Low Birth Weight (LBW), and even death. The high prevalence of anemia in pregnant women at Lempake Public Health Center Samarinda is a serious problem that must be addressed immediately. This research aims to investigate the correlation between risk factors, i.e., the adherence to consuming Fe tablets and nutritional status with anemia in pregnant women at Lempake Public Health Center Samarinda. This research used analytical observational method with cross-sectional approach. The data were gathered from a list of questions and Maternal and Child Health handbook (Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak – KIA) of the pregnant women at Lempake Public Health Center Samarinda using purposive sampling method. The samples of this research were pregnant women that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The statistical analysis was performed using Chi-Square Test. Results of this research show 41 samples were selected, consisting of 17 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy and 24 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The result of Chi-Square test for adherence to consuming Fe tablets and Fisher test for nutritional status show p-value in succession is <0,001 and 0,028. The result showed that there was a correlation between the adherence to consuming Fe tablets and nutritional status with anemia in pregnant women.

CLINICAL PROFILE OF TYPE-1 DIABETES PEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL SURABAYA: CORRELATION OF GROWTH STATUS AND METABOLIC CONTROL

Highlights1. Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM) is a chronic autoimmune illness characterized by insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia as a consequence.2. Stable HbA1c levels may be indicative of improved growth rates. AbstractBackground: Type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic auto-immune disease characterized by insulin insufficiency and resultant hyperglycemia caused by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Metabolic control in type-1 DM affects the metabolism of patients, one of which is growth status, which is influenced by growth hormone. Improved growth rates can indicate stable HbA1c levels. However, whether growth is affected by the degree of diabetic control is still debatable. Objective: This study was conducted to determine whether the metabolic control correlates with growth status of children with type-1 diabetes in the Endocrine Polyclinic at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Material and Method: Retrospective observational analysis with a cross-sectional method was conducted on 96 type-1 DM patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. The analysis was carried out using Chi-Square test to determine whether there was a correlation. Result: From a total of 96 pediatric patients, the majority was male (54.1%), patients with high-risk metabolic control were 79.2%, and those with z-score normal category were 62.5%. The results indicated no significant correlation between growth status and metabolic control of pediatric patients, with Chi-Square test results showed p=0.421 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between growth status and metabolic control of type-1 diabetes pediatric patients at the Endocrine Polyclinic Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

The Correlation Between Sleep Quality And Working Memory Using Forward And Backward Digit Span Test In Medical Faculty Students

Background: Poor sleep quality is often found in medical students as a result of which many are not aware of due to academic loads and daily learning activities. Poor sleep quality can cause several factors, one of which is reduced working memory function. Working memory is the system whose role is to remember things when performing complex tasks such as reasoning, understanding, and learning. This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep quality and working memory in medical students.Methods This research was a cross-sectional analytic observational approach using purposive sampling as a way of determining the sample. The sample in this study was 41 respondents who were students of the YARSI University Medical Faculty class of 2019. The instruments were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to measure the respondent's sleep quality and the Digit Span Test to measure the respondent's working memory level. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test.Results: From the results of the analysis, it was found that 26 (63.4%) respondents had poor sleep quality and 32 (78%) respondents had moderate working memory. As many as 25 (78.1%) respondents had poor sleep quality with moderate working memory. The Chi-Square test results obtained a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) which indicates a significant relationship between sleep quality and working memory.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between sleep quality and working memory in medical students. The advice that can be given is to maintain good sleep quality for optimal memory performance.

Improving operational - developmental connections: foregrounding an alignment - dealignment - realignment perspective

On the basis of our administrative experiences and gaps in the literature, the authors develop a very practical theory, namely the (ADR) alignment-dealignment-realignment perspective. Using a sample of 80 questionnaires targeting university administrators in Albania, the authors hypothesise direct linkages between education process, quality of support services, achieving sustainability in higher education. The SSPS statistical package was employed to receive reliability analysis, Spearman's correlation, and Chi-square test results. If from one side, budgeting, research, human resource issues, and student's matters are found to have a strong positive monotonic correlation between both, quantity-quality aspects, and information given on a timely basis, the academic policies and degree programs are showing a weak relationship. Additionally, different management categories have different opinions regarding the reasons for which the problem in the HE system occurs. The survey analysis provides valuable insights regarding the existing communication gap among the university administrators and the challenges of HEIs.

Public Expectation Gap, External auditors and Financially distressed Banks in Nigeria

One of the ongoing and long time grey areas in financial practice is the conflict between the external auditor and the public expectation gap, particularly in developing economies. This study examines the effect of external auditors and the public expectation on financially distressed banks in Nigeria. This study used a survey research design to get information from the primary source, and it used a well-structured questionnaire to do so. The study found that there is a large gap between what the general public expects and what auditors actually do to prevent and detect fraud. The results of the statistical cross-sectional chi-square test at 0.05 levels of significance and the test of one-way analysis of variance on the hypotheses served as the foundation for our conclusion in this study. It can be said that external auditors and the public expectation gap have a big impact on financially troubled institutions in Nigeria. The study suggests that a new corporate reporting model be implemented with the goal of increasing public access to non-financial information and clearly defining the function of independent audit.

Comparison between Epley and Gans Repositioning Maneuvers for Posterior Canal BPPV: A Randomized Controlled Trial

AbstractObjectives:Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a condition in which a patient gets severe vertigo on moving his head from one position to another. This study aims at comparing the traditional maneuver-Epley repositioning maneuver (ERM) and the newly emerged maneuver-Gans Repositioning maneuver (GRM).Design:A randomized controlled trial.Settings:Tertiary care teaching University Hospital.Participants:Posterior canal BPPV.Intervention:Two hundred and thirty-four patients with BPPV (PC-BPPV) of the posterior canal, diagnosed using the Dix-hallpike test (DH test), were recruited for the study as per random allocation. Two groups were divided by the random allocation method. One group was treated with the Epley maneuver and the other with Gans maneuver by two separate physiotherapists.Main Outcome Measures:DH test negativity (absence of vertigo and nystagmus), Vertigo Analogue Scale (VAS), and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Twenty-four hours post-treatment assessments and data analysis were conducted by another (third) therapist. A one month follow-up subjective assessment was performed.Results:Results of one-variable Chi-square tests revealed significant improvement (P< .0001) in maximum (95%) patients of both groups whether subjects were given GRM or ERM. Also, objective improvement (DH test) was found in the Epley group (n = 118, 82.20%) and the Gans group (n = 116, 78.44%). Patients in both groups improved significantly with no dizziness on the VVAS scale (n = 118, 82.20%) in the Epley group and (n = 116, 78.44%) in the Gans group.Conclusion:GRM is as easy, effective, and safe maneuver as the ERM with the absence of recurrence for the treatment of posterior canal BPPV.Trial Registration:Clinical Trials Registry (CTRI/2019/10/021681).

The Influence of Availability of Internet Connectivity on Teachers’ Integration of Information Communication Technology in Teaching and Learning in Public Primary Schools in Kenya

The study sought to investigate the influence of availability of internet connectivity on teachers’ integration of information communication technology in teaching and learning in public primary schools in Kakamega County, Kenya. The study objectives sought to determine the influence of the degree of internet connectivity in various categories of schools on integration of information communication technology in teaching and learning and in public primary schools in Kakamega County, Kenya and to establish the influence of internet accessibility on integration of information communication technology in teaching and learning in public primary schools in Kakamega County, Kenya. The study used Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge theory. The study used descriptive survey design. The target population of the study was 1County Director of Education, 356 public primary school head teachers and 3204 public primary school teachers. The sample size for the study was 1 County Director of Education, 189 public primary school head teachers and 356 public primary school teachers who were selected using purposive sampling, proportionate sampling, simple random sampling and census sampling techniques. The sample frame for the study consisted of 546 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedule. Data for this study was presented in frequency tables. Both a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of the results was performed. In order to determine the degree of relationship between internet connectivity and teachers’ integration of information communication technology in teaching and learning in public primary schools, the Chi-square (X2) test was utilized. It was anticipated that, the planners and policy makers will use the study’s findings as a basis for revamping the country’s present internet strategy in order to address the problems impending teachers’ integration of information communication technology in teaching and learning in public primary schools, students would graduate with knowledge and abilities that are competitive on a worldwide scale and go on to play an important role in the development of their country. The results of this study showed that, 76.12% of the sampled public primary boarding schools were connected to internet while 23.88%were not connected to internet. 12.84% of the public primary day schools were connected to internet while 87.16% of these categories of schools were not. The Chi-square (x2)test results showed that internet connection in public primary schools was not significantly different in public boarding primary schools than in public day primary schools (X2 =14.249, P Value =0.512). These findings indicate that, most public primary schools were not connected to internet and therefore, teachers’ integration of information communication technology in teaching and learning in public primary schools in Kenya was minimal. The study therefore recommends that, the government of Kenya through the Ministry of Education should offer broadband internet connection packages to teachers at fair installment and payment terms.

Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Level and Disease Severity in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes joint pain and reduces daily activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum of vitamin D and its relationship with the severity of the disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis referred to Allameh Hehlool hospital in Gonabad. This cross-sectional-analytical study was performed on 92 patients referred to the rheumatology clinic of Allameh Behlool Gonabad Hospital in 2021. After obtaining the permission of the ethics committee, the samples were selected based on the desired criteria. Serum vitamin D levels in patients were measured, and data were collected using a patient information checklist and DAS28-CRP activity questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and using statistically appropriate tests at a significance level less than 5%. The mean age of the patients was 53.05 ± 12.33 years and most of them (58.7%) were women. Serum vitamin D level was sufficient in 65.2% of patients and the severity of the disease was in the remission in 48.9% of them. The results of chi-square test showed a significant relationship between serum vitamin D levels and disease severity in patients (P < .001). Serum vitamin D levels were inversely related to disease severity and in most patients with severe disease severity, serum vitamin D levels were inadequate. vitamin D supplementation is recommended in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Assessing the influences of e-resources motives on their utilization

The foundation of e-learning is formalized learning delivered via electronic devices like computers, tablets, smart phone, smart gazettes, etc. This makes it possible for everyone to learn round the clock, regardless of their location or other limitations. The learning materials that are available online are known as e-resources. There are several different electronic resources available for the study, including e-books, e-journals, emagazines, e-databases, e-newspapers, e-maps, etc. E-resource availability is always expanding. One need only sit at a console and click to access global information without any physical effort. As we can see, using online resources for a variety of objectives is necessary in today's world. Therefore, while determining their use, it is necessary to learn about the availability of different eresources utilized by students who use online / e-learning and how it impacts them for various reasons. Using the pre-structured questionnaire, data was collected from 250 students, from the Navi Mumbai area who were using e-resources. A theoretical construct was developed based on certain assumptions to explore the relationship between utilization and reasons for using e-resources, viz., time saving, easy to use, and helping to get better grades on the test and examination. The proposed construct was examined using SPSS version- 20. The demographic profile, objectives, and hypothesis were followed while doing the data analysis. The average values of chi-square test results for the reasons (time savings, ease of use, and helping students get better grades in tests and examinations) are calculated. These are found to be 0.016, 0.015, and 0.002 for the first variable (e-learning material), 0.141, 0.016, and 0.001 for the second variable (knowledge enhancement), and 0.182, 0.096, and 0.004 for the third variable (other eresources), respectively. The results of the data analysis shows the linkage between motives/ reasons of e-resources and its utilization. As the nature of education is predicted to become more hybrid in the future, similar research might be conducted to further identify the areas that need development in the realm of e-resources. Keywords—E-resources, Reasons/motives, Utilization, E-learning

A Study on the Prescription of Herbal Medicines by Physicians for the Elderly in Tehran

Objectives: The use of herbal medicine is one of the most widely used methods of complementary medicine around the world. Studies have shown that the elderly use a variety of herbal medicines and believe that these products are harmless due to being natural. This study aims to evaluate the amount of herbal medicines prescribed by physicians for the elderly in Iran. Methods &amp; Materials: This is a secondary analysis study with a cross-sectional design. The study population consist of the paper prescriptions for all older adults in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Of these, 1591 paper prescriptions for older people aged &gt;60 years referred to pharmacies in Tehran were selected by a cluster random sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean, No. [%]) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, independent t-test) in SPSS software, version 24. Results: Out of 1591 prescriptions, 79(5%) contained herbal medicines. Laxatives, ginkgo, and ginseng were the most prescribed medicines. Chi-square test results showed the statistically significant relationship of the educational level of the elderly (P=0.018), having insurance (P=0.004) and polypharmacy (P=0.000) with the prescription of herbal medicines, but the gender and marital status of the elderly and the gender, age and work experience of the physicians had no significant relationship with the prescription of herbal medicines. The rate of herbal medicine prescription by general practitioners was 5.7% and by specialized physicians was 4.7%, but no significant relationship was found between them. Among the specialized physicians, infectious disease specialists prescribed the most herbal medicines (14%) followed by physical medicine specialists (12%) and orthopedics (9.2%). Chi-square test results showed a significant relationship between the expertise of physicians and prescription of herbal medicines (P=0.042). Conclusion: The rate of herbal medicine prescription in Tehran city is low, but due to the interest of the elderly in herbal medicines, producing various herbal medicines with suitable forms and dosages and increasing the knowledge of physicians about these medicines can help increase the prescription of herbal medicines.

Evaluation of the effect of green tea extract on postoperative pain management following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar.

Pain following surgical removal of impacted molars has remained a principal concern among practitioners. Since green tea has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties, the current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of green tea extract local application in controlling postoperative pain following surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar teeth. In a double-blinded randomized controlled trial study with a split-mouth design, 32 patients underwent bilateral removal of impacted third molars in a 2-month time interval; afterward, the sterile gauzes impregnated with green tea extract and saline were applied randomly to the surgical sites. Postoperative pain was evaluated 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery using a questionnaire based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the number of analgesics used after surgery. Data were subjected to exact and Chi-square tests with the significance level set at 0.05. There was a decrease in the mean scores of the VAS and the mean number of analgesic consumptions in the first 2 days after surgery. Chi-square test results showed a significant reduction in the VAS scores after applying the green tea extract only 6 and 12 h after surgery (P < 0.05). Moreover, the number of analgesic consumptions was significantly lower in the green tea group compared to the control group. Green tea extract may be an appropriate and safe choice for postoperative pain control after surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar teeth.

The Effect of Service and Satisfaction of Pregnant Women on Antenatal Visits to Midwives

The utilization of antenatal services for pregnant women can be determined based on the achievements of K1 (first contact) and K4 (4 times contact) during pregnancy with competent and authorized health workers. The World Health Organization asserts that the attitude and performance of health workers are an essential elements of service quality as it affects the understanding and satisfaction of women, partners, and families in seeking ANC, delivery, and postnatal services. The objective of this research is to examine the effect of antenatal care by midwives and the satisfaction of pregnant women on antenatal visits. The type of this research is analytic observational with a cross-sectional design, performed from March - June in Kupang City. The research subjects were 120 pregnant women with a gestational age of 36 weeks. Data collection employed questionnaires and MCH Handbook. The analysis conducted was univariate and bivariate by employing the Chi-square test with Alpha = 0.05. The results of the study on 120 pregnant women demonstrated that most of the pregnant women received good service (98.3%) and most of whom (60%) were satisfied with the services they experienced. Seventy-one people (59.2%) possessed complete visits. The Chi-square test results revealed relationship between service and satisfaction of pregnant women with antenatal visits (p = 0.652, p = 0.324). The majority of pregnant women had thorough consultations, received adequate antenatal care, and were pleased with the services they received. In addition to satisfaction, health services and programs must be performed in accordance with local culture and language in order to be accepted by the community, encompassing a decision-making culture that can influence pregnant women's visits to health facilities. Distance, education, profession, parity, and the husband's support can all have an impact on the mother's adherence to antenatal visits.

Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Keaktifan Kader dalam Kegiatan Posyandu di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Kereng Bangkirai Kota Palangka Raya

The Integrated Healthcare Center (Posyandu) is a form of community-based health effort managed and organized from, by, for, and with the community in the implementation of health, development to empower the community and provide convenience to the community in obtaining basic health services. The continuity of Posyandu cannot be separated from the role of cadres, who are the spearhead of all activities at Posyandu. However, not all cadres are active in carrying out their duties. The study aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge and the activeness of cadres in Posyandu activities. The survey used in this study is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. In addition, the sampling technique used is total sampling, which is all Posyandu’s cadres in the research location with a total of 51 people. Furthermore, the analysis is univariate and bivariate with a chi-square test. The chi-square test result shows a p-value of 0.008 &lt;0.05, which means there is a correlation between knowledge and the activeness of cadres in Posyandu activities in the working area of the Public Health Center (Puskesmas) of Kereng Bangkirai. As there is a correlation between knowledge and the activeness of cadres in Posyandu activities, the suggestions that can be given by the author are: giving training by the health workers in the working area of the local Puskesmas, giving refreshing for the cadres periodically with topics related to Posyandu, and giving attention from the local government regarding the welfare of cadres as an effort to motivate cadres.

Concentration with Fitness Leads to More Work Productivity

Background Work productivity is important for a company to maximise company performance. Work productivity can be affected by concentration and physical fitness. Concentration is the ability to focus attention on work. Meanwhile, physical fitness is the ability of the body to perform activities without exhaustion. This study was conducted to determine the value of the relationship between concentration, fitness and employees' work productivity. MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional design. The subjects were employees of Cooperative Service Bandung, and the subject selection used non-probability sampling. Army Alpha Test measured concentration. A non-exercise fitness test assessed the level of physical fitness. Work productivity was assessed using a work productivity questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 with univariate analysis and bivariate Chi-square test. A total of 130 respondents participated in this study. ResultsThe Chi-square test results showed a significant relationship between concentration level and work productivity (p=0.001) and a relationship between the level of fitness and work productivity (p=0.031). ConclusionsThus concentration and physical fitness lead to work productivity.