Chhattisgarh In India Research Articles

Resource Use Efficiency of Groundnut Production in Mahasamund and Raigarh Districts of Chhattisgarh in India

Resource Use Efficiency of Groundnut Production in Mahasamund and Raigarh Districts of Chhattisgarh in India

Armed conflict, children and institution-based rehabilitation - who decides? A qualitative study on decision making capabilities of children in residential care in the state of Chhattisgarh in India

ABSTRACT In conflict-affected regions across the globe, rehabilitation of children in distress usually comes in the form of residential or institutional care because of various sociocultural peculiarities and infrastructural in-capabilities. Notably, such children are often kept out of decision-making processes that involve their rehabilitation. Subsequently, outcomes get impacted significantly. This study took place in the state of Chhattisgarh in India, where conflict has resulted in the institutionalization of a large number of affected children. A total of 40 such children (10–17 years of age) were interviewed. A narrative methodology was applied for collecting data which was analyzed using narrative thematic analysis. Relationship among the themes was established using the Critical Decision-Making Ecological (DME) approach. The findings suggest that the participants’ agency and decision-making capabilities were largely ignored during the rehabilitation process. This noninvolvement of children left them disoriented, resulting in lower levels of confidence. However, the findings were contrary in the case of children who were allowed positive participation. This study concludes that children’s involvement in decision-making is crucial at the beginning of the rehabilitation process itself. Giving due consideration to their agency while the rehabilitation is underway, could promote positive results.

Assessment of Soil Fertility through Response of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Nutrient Omission in Alfisols of Kondagaon District of Chhattisgarh in India

The investigation was carried out with the aim to identify the specific yield limiting nutrients through response of rice to nutrient omission in pot culture under completely randomized design with 3 replications and 11 treatments during kharif season 2017 and to demonstrate the optimum use of identified limiting nutrients in wheat crop at field level in Kondagaon district during rabi season 2017-18. The treatments were formulated by keeping one treatment with application of all nutrients in optimum level and others by sequentially omitting each nutrient. The soil had a clay loam texture, neutral reaction (pH 6.6), normal electrical conductivity, medium organic C, available P and K, low available N and S, high available Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu and marginal available Zn and B. Omission of N and P nutrients significantly reduced the growth, yield and nutrients uptake by rice in comparison to all nutrients. The maximum grain yield of 73.0 g pot-1 was recorded, in all nutrients pot and 50.1 % reduction in grain yield of rice, from the maximum yield, was recorded in N omitted pots, followed by 18.8 % reduction in P omitted pots and omission of other nutrients didn’t reduce the grain yield significantly indicating that only N and P were yield limiting nutrients. In field verification during rabi season, 19.0 % increase in wheat grain yield and 23.0 % increase in net return was recorded, due to optimum dose of identified yield limiting nutrients over farmer's practice dose. The results clearly indicate that the site specific nutrient management dose based on yield limiting nutrient identified through nutrient omission study was found economically profitable to the farmers.

Socio-economic and Communicational Status of Tasar Silkworm Rearers in Bastar District of Chhattisgarh in India

The present study was undertaken to assess the socio-economic and communicational status of Tasar silkworm cocoon producers and enhance their economic performance through sericulture. In this context, a study has been conducted in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh state, India to know the socio-economic and communicational status of Tasar silkworm rearers. The methodology of the study is to seek the answers to the research question, a descriptive research design and proportionate random sampling method were used. Information pertaining to the current investigation was collected from 214 farmers in 4 blocks and ten villages through formal discussion using an interview schedule and appropriate statistical measures like frequency, and percentage were applied to analyze the data. The main finding of the study is that the main occupation of the respondent farmers was sericulture. In respect of land holding, a massive group of farmers holds less than one acre and none of the farmers own large land holding. Most of the farmers produced Tasar cocoons in 2001 -5000 numbers. The majority of the farmers possessed medium use of mass media, out of which most farmers actively used sericulture firms and film/slide shows for sericulture-related information. Most of the farmers contact the field man once a week and rarely contact the Deputy Director of sericulture for sericulture-related information. In respect of taking part in extension activities, farmers took part in group meetings, demonstrations, farmers' training programs, and field days. The study recommended that sericulture provides gainful employment, economic development, low capital intensive, and improvement in the quality of life to the people in tribal areas.

Loss of Livelihood, Wages, and Employment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected Districts of Chhattisgarh in India, and Its Impact on Food Insecurity and Hunger.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the existing food insecurity in developing nations. The cumulative effect of restricted mobility to curtail the spread of the infection, loss of livelihood and income, worst affected the economically weaker sections. Our work examined the availability, accessibility, and affordability of food during the first wave of the pandemic using the FAO, HFIAS questionnaire, in a random sample (N = 401) from Kanker and Narayanpur districts in Chattisgarh, an Empowered Action Group state, in India. Total food security scores were derived by summing the individual scores. Percentages above and below the median scores were used to assess food insecurity. Proportion Z test was used to compare settings and a generalized linear model was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Of the 63% non-tribal population, a greater percent experienced income loss (13.4%) and worried about not having sufficient food (40%). A significantly higher proportion from the non-tribal regions reported food scarcity in the household (34%) and experienced hunger (15%). Non-tribal participants (77%) scored ≤ median (score 8) demonstrating high food insecurity. The odds of poor food access increased in the non-tribal settings (B: 0.024, 95% CI: 0.011–0.051, P < 0.001), income between Rs. 10,000–29,000/- per month (B: 0.385, 95% CI: 0.146–1.014, P < 0.05) and among those experiencing total or partial income loss (B: 0.505, 95% CI: 0.252–1.011, P < 0.05). Urban residence increased the odds of poor food availability (B: 15.933, 95% CI: 3.473–73.096, P < 0.001). Being male (B: 0.450, 95% CI: 0.208–0.972, P < 0.05), and not experiencing income loss (B: 0.367, 95% CI: 0.139–0.969, P < 0.05) decreased the odds of poor availability and affordability (B: 0.153, 95% CI: 0.067–0.349, P < 0.001). Non-tribal setting increased the odds of poor affordability (B: 11.512, 95% CI: 5.577–23.765, P < 0.001) and hunger (B: 19.532, 95% CI: 7.705–49.515, P < 0.001). Being male (B: 0.445, 95% CI: 0.277–0.715, P < 0.05) and higher age (B: 0.936, 95% CI: 0.936–0.906, P < 0.001) decreased the odds of food insecurity as per the total food security score. While India is likely to experience multiple waves, actions urgent and targeted toward the needs of the vulnerable sections be prioritized to endure and overcome the impact of the pandemic.

Genus Myriactis (Asteraceae) - new to the flora of Chhattisgarh, India

The Genus Myriactis L. (Asteraceae) is recorded for the first time for the state of Chhattisgarh in India, from Kabir Chabutra of Bilaspur district. Detailed description, distribution, phenology, ecology and uses of the species M. nepalensis Less., along with relevant notes are also provided.

Mud jaalis of Surguja: A tribal narrative from Chhattisgarh

Modern construction industry demands for adaptation of sustainable construction materials and practices to control its adverse effect on the environment. One of the answers to such issue is moving back to indigenous techniques and natural construction materials. The vernacular architecture teaches different methods of construction which can be adapted in modern contemporary practice as well. The tribal belt of Chhattisgarh in India still exercises different vernacular techniques in construction of their houses. They are largely dependent on availability of local materials such as mud, husk, stone, lime, bamboo, and timber for any type of construction. The paper discusses the material and manufacturing of one of the key elements of the tribal architecture of Surguja district in Chhattisgarh called “Jaali” a perforated screen. The study investigates the usage and construction technique of mud based jaali used in openings of rural houses. The study explores orientation and architectural details of the jaali to comprehend the same in contemporary practice. Further the temperature of indoor and outdoor is recorded manually to understand the actual difference and benefits of jaali usage.

Effect of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles and Pollutants on Regional Air Quality: A Review in Reference to Chhattisgarh State of India

Poor air quality in India is considered as one of the critical issues resulting largely by industrial emissions, burning of agricultural wastes, automobile emissions etc. Also, particularly in north India, a practice of crop residue burning is followed particularly in autumn and winter months as a low cost alternative to mechanical tilling. This results in large amount of smoke, smog and particulate matter thereby impacting the air quality of nearby regions. So far as the emission of greenhouse gases is concerned, India ranks low however is the third largest emitter of particulate matter only behind China and United States. This article reviews the air quality of Chhattisgarh in India, an important industrial state, effect of poor air quality and presence of aerosols.

Spatial prediction of crop water requirement under evapotranspiration-based irrigation management: a case study in the Tropic of Cancer zone of India

Advances in information and communication technology facilitate the application of complex models for optimising agricultural water management. This study uses meteorological parameters to estimate the volume of water required to grow crops in the Bhilai region of the state of Chhattisgarh in India. Using the dual crop coefficient approach and remote sensing imagery, this study provides an easy-to-use method that can be employed to determine the water demand for crops. This research aims to estimate the ET of rice crops in the Bhilai region using the decision support software package and geographical information system techniques. Landsat8 satellite images acquired at different seasons were used to determine the normalised difference vegetation index, and ET was calculated to analyse the crop water requirements for each month during different crop seasons. Preliminary results have shown that the demand for water varies between cultivated rice fields with different soil types and land use capabilities.

Medicinal Plant Diversity in Gariyaband District of Chhattisgarh

Gariyaband districtis in the state of Chhattisgarh in India with a population of 111,614.The famous Udanti wildlife sanctuary is also located in Gariyaband district. A total area of 1547.93 sq km in Gariyaband is covered with dense forest .The type of forest found in this area is tropical deciduous. Medicinal plants in India have been known for their essential role in the development of the Indian culture and tradition, for example they have been used in religious ceremonies which are part of our traditional Indian culture. Plants in themselves are natural industries as they provide good quality food, raw materials for pharmaceuticals, perfumeries and cosmetics industries without causing damage to the environmental. The main aim of the present study is to understand the diversity of medicinal plants in this district. An attempt has been made to study the medicinal plants commonly used in Gariyaband district for the treatment of different diseases. A plant diversity was analyzed during October-December after studying the vegetation of Gariyaband district. The botanical name, family, habit and uses were listed. The total number of medicinal plant species identified was 51 that belonged to10 different families.

A study on farm mechanization level of farmers in Mungeli district of Chhattisgarh in India

The study was conducted in the year 2015 all field work was completed from July, 2015 to November, 2015 for collecting information on mechanization level in Mungeli block of Chhattisgarh. For this purpose, eight village (Charbhatha, Amlidihi, Suretha, Baraidahara, Bhaghamudha, Jhulnakhurd, Ghuthera, Birgaon) of Mungeli block were selected randomly. For the survey Panchayat Pradhan and Farmers were contacted and a pre designed proforma was used for documentation and analysis. Field survey was done for verification. The whole information was subsequently compiled and presented. It is found that majority of the respondents had using the tractor for Ploughing, Feeding, Planting, Cultivation, fertilizer application etc. Perusal of data reveals that maximum numbers responds were falling in the category of low and middle land holding category while minimum number of respondents (23.33%) having big land holding category and reveals that average 26.67% respondents are using the modern implement, 50% respondents are using the modern implement by hiring and on an average 23.33% are depend on traditional system of farming.

Spatial prediction of crop water requirement under evapotranspiration-based irrigation management: a case study in the tropic of cancer zone of India

Advances in information and communication technology facilitate the application of complex models for optimising agricultural water management. This study uses meteorological parameters to estimate the volume of water required to grow crops in the Bhilai region of the state of Chhattisgarh in India. Using the dual crop coefficient approach and remote sensing imagery, this study provides an easy-to-use method that can be employed to determine the water demand for crops. This research aims to estimate the ET of rice crops in the Bhilai region using the decision support software package and geographical information system techniques. Landsat8 satellite images acquired at different seasons were used to determine the normalised difference vegetation index, and ET was calculated to analyse the crop water requirements for each month during different crop seasons. Preliminary results have shown that the demand for water varies between cultivated rice fields with different soil types and land use capabilities.

Establishment of Green Supply Chain Management in Steel Industries Using Interpretive Structural Modeling

Abstract The state of Chhattisgarh in India has a very large number of steel plants causing pollution in the region. The effect of this pollution exceeds the geographical territory of a unit, and goes much beyond it, so it becomes essential to find the reasons for the pollution and the enablers for the green supply chain management, which in turn will help in providing a cleaner environment. In this study Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tools like Interpretive Structural Modeling and MICMAC analysis have been used.

How Can Leaders Make Their Followers to Commit to the Organization? The Importance of Influence Tactics

Transformational leaders have the potential to influence their followers to work beyond their normal capacities at the workplace and show resolute loyalty towards the organizational objectives. Although numerous studies have explored the relationship between transformational leadership and employee’s affective organizational commitment, what causes or mediates this relationship is yet to be explored. Therefore, the present study intends to explore the mediating role of influence tactics in explaining the relationship between transformational leadership and the follower’s organizational commitment. This study was conducted using reliable and validated instruments for data collection on a sample of 352 professionals working in various iron and steel firms across Chhattisgarh in India. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18. The analysis reveals transformational leadership having a significant positive relationship with follower’s affective organizational commitment. The findings of this study also reported that the two influence tactics (rationality and inspirational appeal) partially mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and affective organizational commitment.

High burden of malaria and anemia among tribal pregnant women in a chronic conflict corridor in India

BackgroundWith more than 200 million cases a year, malaria is an important global health concern, especially among pregnant women. The forested tribal areas of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Chhattisgarh in India are affected by malaria and by an on-going chronic conflict which seriously limits access to health care. The burden of malaria and anemia among pregnant women in these areas is unknown; moreover there are no specific recommendations for pregnant women in the Indian national malaria policy. The aim of this study is to measure the burden of malaria and anemia among pregnant women presenting in mobile clinics for antenatal care in a conflict-affected corridor in India.MethodsThis is a descriptive study of routine programme data of women presenting at first visit for antenatal care in Médecins sans Frontières mobile clinics during 1 year (2015). Burden of malaria and anemia were estimated using rapid diagnostic tests (SD BIOLINE® and HemoCue® respectively).ResultsAmong 575 pregnant women (median age: 26 years, interquartile range: 25-30) 29% and 22% were in their first and second pregnancies respectively. Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) was below 230 mm in 74% of them. The prevalence of anemia was 92.4% (95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 89.9–94.3), while severe anemia was identified in 6.9% of the patients. The prevalence of malaria was 29.3% (95%CI: 25.7–33.2) with 64% caused by isolated P. falciparum, 35% by either P. falciparum or mixed malaria and 1% by either P. vivax, or P.malariae or P. ovale. Malaria test was positive in 20.8% of asymptomatic cases. Malaria was associated with severe anemia (prevalence ratio: 2.56, 95%CI: 1.40–4.66, p < 0.01).ConclusionsSystematic screening for malaria and anemia should be integrated into maternal and child health services for conflict affected populations in highly endemic tribal areas. Interventions should include the use of rapid diagnostic test for all pregnant women at every visit, regardless of symptoms. Further studies should evaluate the impact of this intervention alone or in combination with intermittent malaria preventive treatment.

Lessons in State Abdication- Explaining Naxalism's Hold on Chhattisgarh

As the Indian state witnesses receding levels of violence in its securitized “red corridor”, Chhattisgarh, in persisting as a Naxal stronghold, continues to present a counterinsurgency (hereinafter COIN) conundrum. The two-pronged development and security strategy deployed by successive governments at the Centre has succeeded at achieving neither. Understanding the reasons for the endurance of the Naxal movement necessitates situating Chhattisgarh in India’s political economy. Although this runs counter to the established security paradigm, that treats this insurgency as solely a law and order problem stemming from economic inequality, it must be accounted for if one believes that routing Naxalism requires a political solution. Unraveling the allure of Naxalism involves not only defeating the insurgents by destroying their capacity to wage a war, but delegitimizing their ideology that contends there is need for one. This approach requires a widening of security within the COIN anatomy that, beyond empty iterations of “winning hearts and minds”, makes human security its central guiding principle in place of national security. A unique case study in Naxalism because of the multiple factors at play, Chhattisgarh demands a nuanced assessment in developing a holistic COIN strategy that goes beyond superficial correlations of underdevelopment and conflict. This brief posits that it is ultimately the local level political settlements, undergirded by a corporate-Naxal-political elite nexus, that have sustained, if not strengthened, the insurgency in Chhattisgarh.

Tapping the Untapped: Huge Potential to Increase Family Planning Users in India

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;India’s family planning programs have historically focused on limiting the number of children but in recent years focus has shifted from limiting births to increased spacing between children, especially among young couples on contraceptive acceptance in the post-partum period. This paper examines the behavior of couples in India on acceptance of contraceptives during the postpartum period by using data from the National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3, 2005-06) and from a small scale survey in state of Chhattisgarh in India. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to the data, approximately 75 percent of women with children under a year and 83 percent of women with children under six months’ old reported not using any contraception. Only 0.9 percent of postpartum women reported acceptance of intrauterine contraceptive devices. The primary reasons cited for not using contraception were breast feeding (27.5 percent) and postpartum amenorrhea (16.9 percent). Education and wealth index and program factor specially interaction with health workers during post-partum period and institutional delivery had a significant effect on acceptance of contraceptives during the postpartum period. Achieving one’s desired family size also positively influenced women’s acceptance of family size soon after delivery. Small scale survey in Chhattisgarh also suggested that acceptance of family planning to space children is not high.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Innovative social protection mechanism for alleviating catastrophic expenses on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Chhattisgarh, India.

Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) incur huge expenditures for diagnosis and treatment; these costs can be reduced through a well-designed and implemented social health insurance mechanism. The State of Chhattisgarh in India successfully established a partnership between the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) and the Health Insurance Programme, to form a universal health insurance scheme for all, by establishing Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY) and Mukhyamantri Swasthya Bima Yojana (MSBY) MDR-TB packages. The objective of this partnership was to absorb the catastrophic expenses incurred by patients with MDR-TB, from diagnosis to treatment completion, in the public and private sector. This paper documents the initial experience of a tailor-made health insurance programme, linked to covering catastrophic health expenditure for patients with MDR-TB. In this descriptive study, data on uptake of insurance claims through innovative MDR-TB packages from January 2013 to April 2014 were collected. A simple survey of costs for clinical investigation and inpatient care was conducted across two major urban districts in Chhattisgarh. In these selected districts, three health facilities from the private sector and one medical college from the public sector with a functional drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) centre were chosen by the RSBY and MSBY State Nodal Agency to complete a simple, structured questionnaire on existing market rates. The mean costs for clinical investigations and hospital stay were calculated for an individual patient with MDR-TB who would seek services from the private or public sector. A total of 207 insurance claims for RSBY and MSBY MDR-TB packages were processed, of which 20 were from private and 187 from public health establishments, covered under the health insurance programme, free of charge. An estimated catastrophic expenditure, of approximately US$ 20 000, was saved through the RSBY and MSBY health insurance mechanism during the study period. The innovative RSBY and MSBY MDR-TB insurance package is a step towards reducing catastrophic expenses associated with treatment for MDR-TB.

Sending Contractors on a Holiday: Proposed Rules for an Integrated and Seamless Approach in the Ministry of Defence to Debarment and Suspension of Errant Entities

This short working draft suggests new rules for debarment and suspension of erring entities in the Ministry of Defence in India, in light of inadequate outcomes arising out of integrity pacts. Section II of the paper contains proposed rules based on Indian case law and practices, as well as other international best practices such as the US FAR, the new EU Public Procurement Directives, the World Bank Sanctions System and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement. The current draft/working paper version is Version 3.0; and includes stakeholder suggestions received by the Author while drafting similar rules for debarment and suspension of erring entities (including rules for non-renewal of registration, cancellation of registration and demotion of registered contractors/firms) for the State Government of Chhattisgarh in India.

Emotional Intelligence of Twelfth Grade Students of Durg District with Respect to Their Gender, Locality, Types of School

The data were collected from 320 students studying in class XII of Durg District, Chhattisgarh in INDIA. The investigator used stratified random sampling technique to select a sample of 320 students of class XII. There were 40 boys and 40 girls from government and private urban schools and 40 boys and 40 girls from government and private rural schools of Durg District of Chhattisgarh in INDIA. To collect the relevant data for the present study, the investigator used standardized instruments Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory, that constructed by Dr. S.K. Mangal to measure the Emotional Intelligence of Higher Secondary School Students. The data have been analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques, both descriptive and inferential. Mean, ANOVA have been accurately computed and well interpreted. Below Study inferred effect of demographic variables on Emotional Intelligence .