Chest Circumference Research Articles

Inheritance of body size and ultrasound carcass traits in yearling Anatolian buffalo calves.

The body size and ultrasound carcass traits are related to the growth and muscling of animals. These characters promise future improvement through genetic selection in animal breeding. In breeding programs, knowing the (co)variance components serves to reveal the performance differences among animals and detection of suitable traits for selection. The research was carried out with 313 Anatolian buffalo calves born in 2019 at 36 farm operations. The least-square means for body weight (BW), wither height (WH), rump height (RH), body length (BL), chest width (CW), hip width (HW), chest circumference (CC), cannon-bone circumference (CBC), longissimus muscle area (LMA), longissimus muscle depth (LMD), and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) in yearling calves were 175.41 2.06 kg, 108.35 0.34, 111.85 0.37, 103.74 0.41, 33.93 0.23, 30.56 0.23, 135.18 0.60, 15.69 0.08 cm, 19.36 0.45 cm, 3.086 0.028, and 0.655 0.006 cm, respectively. The direct heritabilities for BW, WH, RH, BL, CW, HW, CC, CBC, LMA, LMD, and SFT were 0.334 0.032, 0.483 0.044, 0.473 0.043, 0.441 0.041, 0.364 0.034, 0.432 0.040, 0.435 0.040, 0.226 0.021, 0.0001 0.000, 0.300 0.026, and 0.539 0.046, respectively. The genetic and phenotypic correlations predicted in this study ranged from 0.02 to 0.90. All the genetic and phenotypic correlations among body size and ultrasound carcass traits were significant (), except for the genetic correlation between CW and HW. Some polymorphisms in PLAG1, NCAPG, LCORL, and HMGA2 genes were analyzed. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for PLAG1 and NCAPG genes were found to be monomorphic in this buffalo population. Meanwhile, the effects of two SNPs in the LCORL and HMGA2 genes were not significant but showed some tendencies in the aspects of least-square means. The results of the study indicated that the Anatolian buffaloes have the potential to improve in growth and muscling characteristics.

Multiple Linear Regression Equations to Estimate the Body Weight of Waringin Sheep Based on Morphometric Characteristics in Various Age Groups.

Waringin sheep is a new breed of sheep resulting from a cross between local sheep, Barbados sheep and St.Croix sheep. This study aims to determine the morphometric characteristics of ewes and rams Waringin sheep at different ages in Stabat District, Langkat Regency. This study used a descriptive method by collecting data in the field, the data collected were 99 ewes Waringin sheep and 66 rams Waringin sheep and observed their morphometric characteristics starting from body weight, body length, skull length, skull width, body height, and chest circumference, chest width, chest depth, front leg length, hind leg length, hip width, hip height, tail length, tail width, crotch length, crotch width, and canon circumference. Data were analyzed using the SPSS application with multiple linear regression methods used to determine the relationship between the morphometric relationship between Waringin sheep and their body weight. The results showed that almost 90% of the morphometrics of Waringin sheep affected the body weight of the sheep using linear regression analysis.

Breast anthropometry in Vietnamese youth: a comprehensive study of 128 women

BackgroundBreast anthropometry research, evaluating the correlation between various breast anthropometric values with each other, is of great importance to the field of cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. The research aims to describe the anthropometric features of the breasts of young Vietnamese women and compare them with other women’s groups worldwide.MethodsThe study was conducted on 128 nulliparous Vietnamese women, aged 18–25, with body mass index within the range of 18.5–25 kg/m2. Nineteen research indexes were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (general anthropometric indexes—3 indexes), group 2 (indexes related to the chest and breast—7 indexes), and group 3 (purely breast indexes—9 indexes). The breast volume was calculated according to the formula of author Qiao1: V = 3.14/3 * MP2 * (LR + MR + IR − MP) (ml).ResultsThe mean age was 18.6 ± 6, and the mean BMI was 21 ± 1.6 kg/m2. The mean breast volumes on the right and left were 437.1 ± 266.8 ml and 457 ± 259.7 ml, respectively. The left breast volume was significantly larger than the right. The mean areola diameter was 3.4 ± 0.6 cm. There was a strong correlation (r > 0.5) between breast volume and 8 indexes: breast projection, medial mammary radius, nipple-inframammary fold length, lateral mammary radius, right suprasternal notch-to-nipple distance, chest circumference through the nipple, breast base width, and mid-clavicular point-to-nipple distance. There was no correlation between height and breast volume.ConclusionsThis study contributes valuable data to the breast anthropometry database of young, nulliparous Vietnamese women, which could be effectively applied in cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery in addition to existing literature.Level of Evidence: Level III, Diagnostic; Risk/Prognostic.

Phenotypic characteristics of Sakub sheep as local livestock genetic resources

Abstract. Nurasih AD, Sumaryadi MY, Hidayah CN, Nugroho AP, Setyaningrum A, Haryoko I, Yuwono P, Sodiq A. 2023. Phenotypic characteristics of Sakub sheep as local livestock genetic resources. Biodiversitas 24: 5671-5675. Sakub sheep is an indigenous sheep with a giant body in the Brebes Regency. Phenotypic characterization is important to increase the population and productivity of Sakub sheep. By combining quantitative and qualitative data, this study will provide a comprehensive insight into the phenotypic profile of Sakub sheep. This study determined the quantitative and qualitative phenotypic characteristics of Sakub sheep. The Sakub sheep used were owned by smallholder farmers using the survey method with interview techniques, observation, and direct measurement of livestock. Samples were taken using purposive sampling in Pandansari and Wanareja villages, which have the largest sheep populations and are easily accessible. The sheep used were rams and ewes sheep in the age group of 1-1.5 years (P0), 1.5-2 years (P1), 2-2.5 years (P2), 2.5-3 years (P3). Phenotypic characteristics observed included quantitative characteristics of body size and qualitative characteristics of body morphology. Body size was measured using measuring tape and hanging scales, including Body Weight (BW), Body Length (BL), Whither Height (WH), Chest Girth (CG), Ear Length (EL), And Tail Length (TL). Body morphology includes head color, body color, face profile, and tail shape. Quantitative characters were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative characters were analyzed descriptively using relative frequency. The results showed quantitative phenotypic characteristics of Sakub sheep at the age of 1-1.5 years; 1.5-2 years; 2-2.5 years, and 2.5-3 years, such as body weight, body length, chest circumference, whither height, ear length, and tail length increased with age. The qualitative phenotypic characteristics of Sakub sheep are having a head and body with a combination of colors but dominant white, a convex head profile, no horns, and a thin and fat tail.

Messung des Atemzugvolumens bei Patienten mit Obesitas-Hypoventilations-Syndrom und Opiumabhängigkeit

Abstract Background Both obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and opium dependence can negatively affect nocturnal respiratory functionality. However, the effects of a combination of the two are relatively unknown. In this study, the tidal volume (VT) of OHS patients with and without opium dependence was estimated by measuring changes in the circumference of the thorax and the abdomen during sleep. Materials and methods This case–control study was performed in Iran, Isfahan. Initially, 20 healthy subjects calibrated the Pneumobelts (Löwenstein Medical Technology GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) by wearing the device and also breathing in and out of a Spirobag. From this, it was possible to estimate the coefficient factors for determining VT based on thoracic and abdominal measures. Subsequently, the study included 55 patients with OHS, who were divided into two groups: opium dependent and non-users. They were then admitted to the sleep lab for a single night of polysomnography (PSG). VT was estimated and then compared between groups. Results In total, there were 24 patients in the opium group and 31 in the non-user control group. All PSG variables were analyzed with independent-sample t-tests and an analysis of covariance was used to adjust for potential confounding variables. The following confounding variables were adjusted: sex, smoking, body mass index, and hypertension. VT values were not significantly different between groups (opium: 772 ± 125.4; non-user: 774 ± 95). Average oxygen saturation values were significantly lower in opium-dependent patients (opium: 86.1 ± 5.5; non-user: 89.1 ± 4.1). All other variables from PSG including chest and abdominal circumference were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion OHS patients with opium dependency showed similar VT levels when compared to non-users with OHS. Due to the rarity of the sample, it was difficult to gather exactly matched pairs. Therefore, it is possible that with a more closely related sample, we might be able to see a difference in VT between groups.

PREDICTION OF BODY WEIGHT OF NIGERIAN NON-DESCRIPT GOATS FROM MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS USING CLASSIFICATION AND REGRESSION TREE MODEL

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between body weight and eleven (11) morphometric traits (body weight, body length, height at withers, rump height, chest girth, hind leg, fore leg, head length, ear length, neck length, and tail length) of non-descript goats using classification and regression tree technique. The data were generated from 120 non-descript goats randomly selected from different herds in three LGA areas of Kaduna State, North West Nigeria. Pearson’s moment correlation (r) between body weight and morphometric traits ranged from low to high values (r = 0.21-0.97; P≤0.05, P≤0.01). Based on the importance of the independent variables in predicting the body weight of goats, six body measurements namely; chest girth, body length, rump height, height at withers, head length and neck length were found to be more efficient. Thus, they were the variables entered to obtain the optimal regression tree. Among these six variables, chest circumference was found to be the primary splitting variable; and together with neck length accounted for about 84.20% of the variation in body weight. The regression tree analysis indicated that animals with chest circumference > 60.00cm and neck length >15cm could be expected to have higher body weights. This information could be exploited by livestock producers and researchers for determining the feed amount, drug dose, and market price of an animal, management, selection and genetic improvement of Nigerian non-descript goats.

A randomized controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Gomutra Triphala Vati in the management of Sthoulya

Background: Sthoulya is considered as one of the Kaphaja Nanatmaja Vyadhi. Overweight and Obesity are defined as an abnormal, excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of the two Ayurvedic formulations, Gomutra Triphala Vati which is one of the unexplored Aushadha yoga explained in Vangasena Samhita, Medorogaadhikaara and Navaka Guggulu explained in Chakradatta, Sthoulya Chikitsa in the management of Sthoulya. (Overweight and Class One Obesity). Materials and Methods: 60 patients fulfilling the Diagnostic and Inclusion criteria were selected for a Single Blind Comparative study. They were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups A & B. Group A and Group B subjects received Gomutra Triphala Vati and Navaka Guggulu in a dosage of 500mg, two tablets, twice daily, after food with Ushna Jala (Warm water) for 45 days, respectively. Assessment was done at baseline i.e.; 0th day, 16th day, 31st day, after treatment on 46th day and after follow up on 61st day. Results: While comparing both the drugs clinically, Gomutra Triphala Vati and Navaka Guggulu showed effective results in Sthoulya. On statistical comparison within the groups, both the groups showed significant effect (P<0.05) in Atinidra, Alpavyayama, Alasya, Body weight, BMI, Circumferences of Midarm, Waist, Chest, Hip and Thigh. Conclusion: On statistical comparison between the two groups there is no significant difference in the effect of both Gomutra Triphala Vati and Navaka Guggulu. Thus, H1 is rejected and H0 is accepted.

Smartphone derived anthropometrics: Agreement between a commercially available smartphone application and its parent application intended for use at point-of-care

Smartphone applications can now automate body composition and anthropometric measurements remotely, prompting applications intended for use at point-of-care to provide commercially available smartphone applications intended for personal use. However, the agreement between such anthropometrics remain unclear. A total of 123 apparently healthy participants (F: 69; M: 54; age: 28.1±11.3; BMI: 26.9±5.9) completed consecutive body composition scans using a 3D smartphone application intended for personal use (MeThreeSixty; MTS) and it stationary counterpart intended for use in practice (Mobile Fit Booth; MFB). Agreement between devices were evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE), Bland-Altman analyses, and linear regression for all measurements, and additional equivalence testing was conducted for all circumference and limb length comparisons. When evaluated against the MFB, MTS significantly overestimated all measurements other than waist circumference (p=0.670) using paired t-tests. RMSE was 2.5% for body fat percentage (BF%), 0.64-3.74cm for all body circumferences, 0.71-2.3kg for all lean mass estimates, and 126-659cm2 and 608-4672cm3 across all body surface area and body volume estimates, respectively. BF% was the only body composition estimate that did not demonstrate proportional bias (p=0.221). Circumferences of the chest, shoulder, biceps, forearm, and ankle all demonstrated proportional bias (all coefficients: p<0.050), but only chest, shoulder, and arm circumferences did not demonstrate equivalence. Arm surface area (p<0.001) and arm (p=0.002) and leg volumes (p=0.004) were the only body surface area and volume estimates to reveal proportional biases. These findings demonstrate the agreement between 3D anthropometric applications intended for clinical and personal use, particularly for whole-body composition estimates and clinically meaningful body circumferences. Given the advantages of commercially available remote applications, practitioners and consumers may consider using this method in place of those intended for clinical practice, but should express caution when overestimation is a concern.

Body conformation, morphometry and meat yield characteristics of different genotypes of chicken

The aim of this study was to evaluate body conformation, morphometry and meat yield characteristics of broiler, Sonali, deshi and Fayomi chicken available in local market. Experiment was carried out at the poultry science laboratory of Jhenidah government veterinary college (JGVC), Jhenidah for a period of one month from February 2022 to March 2022. A total n u mb e r of 38 chicken (20 females and 18 males) were collected from different local market viz. broiler (10), Sonali (9), deshi (8) and Fayomi (11). The healthy birds were selected based on the availability and market demand. This study revealed that shank length, chest circumferences and digestive tract length were found highest in broiler. On the other hand, body length was recorded highest in Fayoumi and lowest in Sonali chicken. However, body conformation indices of male chicken showed higher value than their female counterparts. The findings indicated that broiler chicken had the highest body mass index (BMI), followed by Fayomi, Sonali, and deshi chicken. Similarly, broiler had the highest and Sonali had the lowest massiveness and compactness indices, whereas reverse feature was found for shape index. Sonali had the highest and broiler had the lowest shape index. Meat yield characteristics of male chicken were found higher than the female chicken among the genotypes. On the other hand, percentage of breast meat weight was found higher in female than male birds of all genotypes. However, both sexes of broiler had the highest and Sonali had the lowest percentage of dressed weight, breast meat and total meat weight. The study revealed that broiler chicken showed better meat yield performance when compared to deshi, Fayomi and Sonali chicken as meat bird available in local market of Bangladesh which provides an important message for consumer, producer and researcher.

Growth Assessment of Under-Five Children of Employed and Unemployed Mothers of Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction The under-fiveage group is crucial because the health profile of this age group will have a huge effect on the future development of the nation. Early infancy is marked by several distinct developmental characteristics. Progress in each domain of childhood development is used to track a child's development. Objectives The objectives of the present study were to assess and compare the growth of under-five children of employed and unemployed mothers in the Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Material and methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in Etawah district's urban and rural areas between January 2021 and June 2022. A total of 200 mothers with children under the age of five were recruited using the purposive sampling method. To gather pertinent information, a semi-structured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Results In the present study on the comparison of the growth of children among employed and unemployed mothers, it shows that 48 children (50.5%) with a weight between 10.5 and 15 kg were of employed mothers, while 52 children weighing less than 10.5kg were of unemployed mothers (p<0.001). Forty-four children (57.1%) with a chest circumference of more than 48 cm were of employed mothers, while 26 children (78.8%) with a chest circumference of less than 45 cm were of unemployed mothers (p = 0.001). Conclusion The present study indicates that statistically significant differences were found in age-appropriate gain in weight and chest circumference, which was higher among the children of employed mothers in comparison to children ofunemployed mothers. There was no statistically significant difference in age-appropriate gain in height, head circumference, or mid-upper arm circumference among the children of employed mothers and unemployed mothers.

HUBUNGAN PERIODE LAKTASI, BCS DAN LINGKAR DADA DENGAN PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH FH (FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN) DI KPSP SETIAKAWAN KABUPATEN PASURUAN

The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between lactation period, BCS and chest circumference with milk production of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle. The material used 36 dairy cattles period 3, 4, and 5. This research has conducted in farm KPSP Setia Kawan, Nongkojajar, Pasuruan on 20 July - 20 October 2022. The method used in this research was case study. The data collection technique in this study was purposive sampling. The variables observed were period lactation, BCS, chest circumference and milk production. Data obtained were analyzed by using correlation analysis, and simple linear regression analysis. The result showing that the linier regression equation between lactation period and milk production shows Y= 43.82 – 4.72X1 with a correlation coefficient negative is 0.65 and for the coefficient of determination is 42.3%, the meaning that for every increase 1 time of the lactation period, milk production will decrease 4.72 liters. The linier regression equation between BCS and milk production shows Y= 4.06 + 8.35X2 with a correlation coefficient positive is 0.70 and the coefficient of determination is 49.7%, the meaning is BCS that for every increase 1 score of the BCS, milk production will incrase 8.35 liters. The linier regression equation between chest circumference with milk production shows Y= (-17.57) + 0.22X3 with a correlation coefficient positive is 0.52 and the coefficient of determination is 27.3%, the meaning that for every increase 1 cm of the chest circumference, milk production will decrease 0.22 liters. It can be concluded that the more highly lactation period, milk production will decrease. Then the more highly score BCS and chest circumference, milk production will following high to.

Anthropometric Measurements in Newborns: A Comparative Study of Infants Born to Mothers With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Objective Fetal growth can be affected by maternal PCOS and may have an impact on offspring and childhood growth. The current findings across studies are divergent and controversial. This study aims to determine whether maternal PCOS can affect the physical measurements of newborns and to establish the differences in birth weight, length, head, and chest circumference between newborns of mothers with polycystic ovarian syndrome and those of mothers without polycystic ovarian syndrome. Methods In this study, we examined the gestational age, birth weight, length, head circumference, chest circumference, and ponderal index of 75 infants born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compared them to those of 94 infants born to mothers without PCOS. Result Compared with the other groups, the PCOS group does not show significant differences in anthropometric indices compared to the control group. Infants born to normal and PCOS mothers birth weight were categorized as SGA (small for gestational age) if birth weight was less than the 5thpercentile. LGA is large for gestational age if birth weight is greater than the 90thpercentile. Other appropriate for gestational age if infant birth weight is between> 5thand < 90th percentile. Significant differences in anthropometric indices like birth weight, head circumference, and Ponderal index were observed in SGA and LGA newborns of normal and PCOS mothers. Conclusion The study findings indicate that neonates born to mothers with PCOS have higher rates of SGA and LGA newborns, and differences in anthropometric indices (birth weight, head circumference, and Ponderal index) were observed between SGA and LGA newborns of PCOS mothers.

The comparative effect of creep and conventional feeding methods on growth performance and oxidative stress markers in Akkaraman lambs.

This study aimed to determine the effect of conventional and creep-feeding methods on growth performance and oxidative stress in Akkaraman (AKK) lambs. For this purpose, the AKK lambs (n = 60) used in this study were divided into four groups (15 n × 2 sex × 2 feeding methods), and all of them were fed the same ration. In the conventional feeding method, the lambs were taken to their dams for suckling twice a day and then kept in a separate compartment for further feeding. In contrast, in the creep-feeding method, the lambs always stayed with their mothers and had free access to supplementary feed by passing through the creep-feeding area. The data for body weights, body measurements, and saliva samples were collected five times, 14 days apart, to evaluate lambs' growth performance and oxidative stress markers. The results showed a higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain in the creep-fed group than in the conventional-fed group. The difference between creep and conventional feeding was significant (P = 0.033), but the difference between the groups in terms of gender was nonsignificant (P = 0.438). The males fed with the creep-feeding (CR-M) group had the largest body length (BL), pectoral chest width (PCW), chest depth (CD), chest circumference (CC), head length (HL), and head width (HW) measurements. The males fed with the conventional feeding (CO-M) group had the largest wither height (WH) measurement, and females fed with the conventional feeding (CO-F) group had the largest back length (BAL) body size. When the overall improvement in body measurements was considered, it was determined that the body sizes of many males in creep-feeding increased more than those of other feeding groups. The oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher (P < 0.001) in the conventional feeding group. Other oxidative stress markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione s-transferase (GSH-ST), were higher in the creep-feeding group (P < 0.001). Considering these findings, it is possible to conclude that creep-feeding is superior to conventional feeding to get a higher growth rate and reduce oxidative stress in AKK lambs.

Associations of free, bioavailable and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with neonatal birth anthropometry and calcium homoeostasis in mother-child pairs in a sunny Mediterranean region.

Sufficient vitamin D status is crucial for successful pregnancy and fetal development. The assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations is commonly used to evaluate vitamin D status. Our objective was to examine the interrelated biodynamics of maternal and neonatal total, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D in maternal-neonatal dyads at birth and their associations with homeostasis and neonatal birth anthropometry. We analysed a cohort of seventy full-term mother-child pairs. We found positive associations between all neonatal measures of vitamin D status. Maternal forms exhibited a similar pattern of association, except for the bioavailable maternal form. In multivariate analysis, both total and free maternal 25(OH)D concentrations were correlated with all neonatal forms (neonatal total 25(OH)D: 1·29 (95 % CI, 1·12, 1·46) for maternal total 25(OH)D, 10·89 (8·16, 13·63) for maternal free 25(OH)D), (neonatal free 25(OH)D: 0·15 for maternal total 25(OH)D, 1·28 (95 % CI, 0·89, 1·68) for maternal free 25(OH)D) and (0·13 (95 % CI, 0·10, 0·16), 1·06 (95 % CI, 0·68, 1·43) for maternal free 25(OH)D), respectively, with the exclusion of the bioavailable maternal form. We observed no significant interactions within or between groups regarding maternal and neonatal vitamin D parameters and maternal calciumand parathyroid hormone concentrations, and neonatal birth anthropometry. Our study indicates that bioavailable maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D have no significant effects on vitamin D equilibrium, Ca homeostasis and neonatal anthropometry at birth. However, we observed an interaction between maternal and neonatal total and free 25(OH)D concentrations at the maternal-neonatal interface, with no associations observed with other calciotropic or anthropometric outcomes.

Gestational Weight Gain Is Associated with the Expression of Genes Involved in Inflammation in Maternal Visceral Adipose Tissue and Offspring Anthropometric Measures

Background: Adequate gestational weight gain (GWG) is essential for maternal and fetal health. GWG may be a sign of higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accretion. A higher proportion of VAT is associated with an inflammatory process that may play a role in the fetal programming of obesity. This study aimed to (1) compare the expression of genes involved in inflammatory responses (TLR2, TLR4, NFκB, IKKβ, IL-1RA, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) in the VAT of pregnant women according to GWG and (2) explore whether VAT inflammation and GWG are related to offspring anthropometric measures. Material and methods: 50 women scheduled for cesarean section who delivered term infants were included in the study. We collected maternal omental VAT, and the expression of genes was examined with RT-qPCR. Results: Women with excessive and with adequate GWG had significantly higher expressions of most inflammatory genes than women with insufficient GWG. Neonates from mothers with excessive GWG had greater birth weight and chest circumference than those from mothers with insufficient GWG. GWG was positively correlated with fetal birth weight. Conclusions: The VAT expression of most genes associated with inflammatory pathways was higher in excessive and adequate GWG than in pregnant women with insufficient GWG. Moreover, GWG was found to be positively associated with newborn weight.

Relationship between body composition and pulmonary function in the general population—a cross-sectional study in Ningxia

Studies considering the relationship between non-obesity-related body composition and lung function are few; therefore, this study aimed to explore these correlations and effects. This cross-sectional study conducted in rural Qingtongxia City and Pingluo County, Ningxia, China, included 776 participants aged 30–75 years. Body composition and lung function were measured using direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and a digital spirometer, respectively. Their correlation was assessed using partial correlation analysis, controlling for age and smoking status, and the body composition effect on lung function was analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis. The body components total body water content, protein content, mineral content, muscle mass, fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, basal metabolic volume, and chest circumference (CC) positively correlated with pulmonary function (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second) in both sexes. Neck circumference and hip circumference positively correlated with pulmonary function in women. Additionally, lung function declines more slowly in women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44–0.98, p = 0.04); CC (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86–0.98, p = 0.01) increased as a protective factor for decreased lung function. Increased waist circumference (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00–1.09, p = 0.04) was a risk factor for reduced lung function. FFM contains body composition indicators positively correlating with lung function, excluding fat-related body composition. Abdominal obesity increases the risk of decreased lung function.

Canonical discriminant analysis on the characterization of the goat carcass

The objective of this work is to identify which carcass and cut characteristics have the best discriminatory power, between sexes and slaughter weights, through discriminant analysis. Were used 32 goats, with initial average weights of 3.11 kg for males and 3.06 kg, for females, for animals slaughtered at 70 days; 3.65 kg for males and 3.25 kg for females for animals slaughtered at 100 days of weight. Objective assessments consisted of morphometric measurements: external carcass length (ECL); internal carcass length (ICL); leg length (LEL); chest width (CHW); croup width (CRW); thigh perimeter (THP); croup perimeter (CRP); chest perimeter (CHP); chest depth (CHD); internal chest depth (ICD) using the hypsometer and flexible tape (Truper®). In the total of 18 primary variables evaluated, the following variables were included in the discriminant model, using the stepwise method: empty body weight, chest depth, chest width, thigh circumference, neck, loin, leg length, and rump width. The discriminant analysis was efficient to discriminate and identify the carcass and cut characteristics with better discriminatory power between the sex and slaughter weight of the animals.

Effects of aquatic and step aerobic exercises on flexibility parameters in sedentary women

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic and step aerobic exercises on flexibility parameters in sedentary individuals. A total of n=45 sedentary women between the ages of 25-50 years, n=15 for aquatic exercise, n=15 for step aerobic exercise and n=15 for control group, who came to municipal sports centres, participated in this study. All measurements were taken before and after 8 weeks of aquatic and step aerobic exercises. In our study, after measuring body weight, body mass index, fat percentage, lean body mass, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference, sit-lie flexibility, hand flexibility at waist, hand flexibility at neck, planter flex right, planter flex left, dorsi flex right, dorsi flex left were measured respectively. For statistical analyses, paired t-test was used for dependent group comparisons for continuous variables and Wilcoxon test was used for non-normally distributed data. In comparisons of numerical variables between more than two independent groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for normally distributed data and Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normally distributed data. After ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test, Tukey or Mann Whitney U post-hoc multiple comparison tests with Bonferroni correction were used to determine the groups in which the difference originated. When the in-group comparisons of aquatic exercise were evaluated, the pre-test and post-test values of sit-lie flexibility, flexibility at hand waist, flexibility at hand neck, planter flexion right, planter flexion left, dorsi flex right, dorsi flex left variables were statistically significantly different (P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, respectively). In step aerobic exercise, the pre-test and post-test values of sit-lie flexibility, flexibility at hand waist, flexibility at hand neck, planter flexion right, planter flexion left, dorsi flex right, dorsi flex left variables were statistically significantly different (respectively; P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001, P&lt; 0.001).

Comparison of Conformation and Movement Characteristics in Dressage and Jumping Sport Warmblood Mares Based on Point Evaluation and Linear Scoring System.

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of factors on the results of 100-point judging systems, linear scoring and basic measurements, as well as differences between systems for dressage and jumping warmblood mares. The research covered official data on 1547 warmblood mares. Analysis of variance and phenotypic correlations (Pearson and partial) were used. The analysis showed that sport type significantly influenced 1/3 of biometric measurements, 2/9 traits on the 100-point system and 7/37 of linear scored traits. The influence of horse type evaluation is more significant in linear scoring than in the 100-point evaluation, which provides an argument for using the first system in breeding. In the linear evaluation for warmblood mares grouped as jumping or dressage, the most significant differences (p < 0.001) were noted between the traits of shoulder position, line of the loins and shape of the croup. In the point-based evaluation, differences (p < 0.05) were found in forelimbs and walking, as well as chest circumference in basic measurements. None of the traits in the two evaluation systems is identical to any other (r > 0.8). The comparison of systems showed meaningful correlations only between general traits. The differences between sport types of warmblood mares were smaller than expected. More objective traits should be discovered to increase accuracy in discriminating between horse types.

Breast Augmentation in Transwomen: Can We have a Formula?

Background Breast augmentation in transwomen is a surgical challenge as there is no available guideline for preoperative assessment of breast implant size, which caters to them specifically. The aim of our study is to derive a formula for preoperative breast implant size estimation, which would remove the personal bias, help in one-to-one discussion, and better understanding, reducing operative time, cost, and revision surgery rate. Methods This is a retrospective study conducted from October 2018 to December 2020. We maintained a routine protocol for measurements in our patients, which has been previously published. Linear multivariate regression equation was applied to derive a formula using minimum of parameters, namely, CC (chest circumference at the inframammary fold [IMF]), POMP (circumference at the point of maximum projection of breast mound), and LOWERDIFF (lower value of difference in each breast between the stretched nipple [IMF] and the nonstretched nipple [IMF distance]). Results A total of 51 transwomen underwent surgery in this period. The mean volume of implant used was 354.51 mL. Complications consisted of pain and discomfort in six patients, delayed healing in two patients, and wound dehiscence in one. A formula for preoperative calculation of breast implant was obtained with these data. A mathematical correlation was found between complications encountered and the percentage by which the inserted implants exceeded the calculated size. Conclusion We could estimate the breast implant size preoperatively through a simple formula that require only four anthropometric measurements. This equation is a significant advantage for the surgeon and a useful tool for patient education. Its usefulness will be established if applied in prospective studies. From our study, it appears 9% above the calculated size is better avoided.