Chess Board Research Articles

Reversible data hiding based on RSBEMD coding and adaptive multi-segment left and right histogram shifting

By leveraging the secret data coding using the remainder storage based exploiting modification direction (RSBEMD), and the pixel change operation recording based on multi-segment left and right histogram shifting, a novel reversible data hiding (RHD) scheme is proposed in this paper. The secret data are first encoded by some specific pixel change operations to the pixels in groups. After that, multi-segment left and right histogram shifting based on threshold manipulation is implemented for recording the pixel change operations. Furthermore, a multiple embedding policy based on chess board prediction (CBP) and threshold manipulation is put forward, and the threshold can be adjusted to achieve adaptive data hiding. Experimental results and analysis show that it is reversible and can achieve good performance in capacity and imperceptibility compared with the existing methods.

Three-dimensional microscale simulation of colloidal particle transport and deposition in chemically heterogeneous capillary tubes

The effect of surface chemical heterogeneity and hydrodynamics on particle transport and deposition in porous media was investigated by microscale simulations using a colloidal particle tracking model, called 3D-PTPO (Three-dimensional particle tracking model by Python® and OpenFOAM®) code. This work is aimed as a step toward modeling of transport and deposition in porous media idealized as a bundle of straight capillary tubes. Therefore, our focus is put upon a three-dimensional capillary with periodically repeating chemically heterogeneous surfaces namely crosswise strips patterned and chess board patterned. The main feature of this recent model is to renew the flow field by reconstructing the pore structure, to take the pore surface modification induced by the volume of the deposited particles into account. The dependency of the deposition probability and the dimensionless surface coverage (Γ/ΓRSA) on the frequency of the pitches (λ), the Péclet number (Pe) and the favorable area fraction (θ), as well as the distribution of the spatial density of deposited particles along the capillary tube were studied. The results indicate that particles tend to deposit at the leading and trailing edges of the favorable strips, and the deposition is more uniform along the patterned capillary compared to the homogeneous one. In addition, for the chemically heterogeneous capillary, in a similar manner as for the homogeneous one, a definite plateau exists for the Γ/ΓRSA at low Péclet values. For high Pe values, the declining trend for Γ/ΓRSA versus Pe is in good agreement with the derived power law dependence already observed in the literature for fully adsorbing surfaces. Moreover, for fixed θ the deposition probability is linearly correlated with λ and for given λ, such a deposition probability is also a linear function of θ.

Ultrasonic Measurement of Stress in SLM 316L Stainless Steel Forming Parts Manufactured Using Different Scanning Strategies.

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is a new kind of additive manufacturing technology developed in in the last decade. Measurement and control of stress in metal forming layer is the basic problem of SLM forming parts. Critical Refraction Longitudinal (LCR) wave method was used to measure stress. The acoustic-elastic formulas for measuring stresses in SLM 316L stainless steel forming parts manufactured using meander, stripe, and chess board scanning strategies, respectively, were established based on static load tensile test. The experimental results show that the acoustic time difference of LCR wave in SLM specimen manufactured with 316L stainless steel increases linearly with the increase of stress when the tensile stress is less than critical stress (372 MPa, 465 MPa, and 494 MPa). Due to the inhomogeneous deformation of the anisotropic SLM forming layer and the dimple-micropore aggregation fracture mechanism, the acousto-elastic curve fluctuates up and down along the irregular curve when the tensile stress is larger than critical stress. The results of corroboration experiments show that nondestructive measurement of stress in SLM forming specimen can be realized by using LCR wave method. The scanning strategy can significantly affect the tensile strength and yield strength of SLM forming specimen. The stresses were all in tension stress state at the edge of the specimens, whatever scanning strategy was used. Sub-area scanning and scanning sequence of alternate and intersect were adopted, which can effectively reduce the stress in the SLM forming specimen. The overall stress values of SLM forming specimen manufactured using chess board scanning strategy were smaller than that using meander and stripe strategies. The distribution of stress were more uniform.

Pneumatic actuator and flexible piezoelectric sensor for soft virtual reality glove system

The desire to directly touch and experience virtual objects led to the development of a tactile feedback device. In this paper, a novel soft pneumatic actuator for providing tactile feedback is proposed and demonstrated. The suggested pneumatic actuator does not use an external air compressor but it is operated by internal air pressure generated by an electrostatic force. By using the actuator, we designed a glove to interact with virtual reality. The finger motions are detected by attached flexible piezoelectric sensors and transmitted to a virtual space through Bluetooth for interconnecting with a virtual hand. When the virtual finger touches the virtual object, the actuators are activated and give the tactile feedback to the real fingertip. The glove is made of silicone rubber material and integrated with the sensors and actuators such that users can wear them conveniently with light weight. This device was tested in a virtual chess board program, wherein the user picked up virtual chess pieces successfully.

A Quantum N-Queens Solver

The N-queens problem is to find the position of N queens on an N by N chess board such that no queens attack each other. The excluded diagonals N-queens problem is a variation where queens cannot be placed on some predefined fields along diagonals. This variation is proven NP-complete and the parameter regime to generate hard instances that are intractable with current classical algorithms is known. We propose a special purpose quantum simulator that implements the excluded diagonals N-queens completion problem using atoms in an optical lattice and cavity-mediated long-range interactions. Our implementation has no overhead from the embedding allowing to directly probe for a possible quantum advantage in near term devices for optimization problems.

Robust Computer Vision Chess Analysis and Interaction with a Humanoid Robot

As we move towards improving the skill of computers to play games like chess against humans, the ability to accurately perceive real-world game boards and game states remains a challenge in many cases, hindering the development of game-playing robots. In this paper, we present a computer vision algorithm developed as part of a chess robot project that detects the chess board, squares, and piece positions in relatively unconstrained environments. Dynamically responding to lighting changes in the environment, accounting for perspective distortion, and using accurate detection methodologies results in a simple but robust algorithm that succeeds 100% of the time in standard environments, and 80% of the time in extreme environments with external lighting. The key contributions of this paper are a dynamic approach to the Hough line transform, and a hybrid edge and morphology-based approach for object/occupancy detection, that enable the development of a robot chess player that relies solely on the camera for sensory input.

Improvement of densification and microstructure of ASTM A131 EH36 steel samples additively manufactured via selective laser melting with varying laser scanning speed and hatch spacing

ASTM A131 (EH36 grade) steel samples with a high density (>99.5%) were additively manufactured through a selected laser melting (SLM) process. The additive manufacturing (AM) process parameters were optimized through tuning scanning speed from 100 to 300 mm/s and hatch spacing from 0.08 to 0.13 mm with a layer thickness of about 50 µm using a laser power of 175 W under a chess board scanning strategy. By varying heat input mainly via lowering scanning speed, a near full density of the samples could be achieved. The processing at lower scanning speed was broadened to a larger window of hatch spacing, which improved the density of the printed samples above 99%. The microstructure of the samples under different scan speeds was subsequently studied and compared. Cellular-dendritic grains with a diameter of around 1 µm and acicular grains of up to 2–3 µm were observed at different locations. A large plate-like martensite structure was found in coarse columnar grains (up to 20 µm). With lower scanning speed, the grains were coarser and more like a cellular structure, while with higher scanning speed the grains were finer and more like a cellular-dendritic structure. However, different morphologies of martensite grains were found mainly in cellular, columnar and lath shapes, which probably resulted from different transformation mechanisms and were controlled by cooling rate. Electron back scattered diffraction analysis showed that the prior elongated columnar grains with the martensitic plate-like structure delineated the columnar grain boundaries. The micro-hardness and tensile properties of the selected samples were correlated to their microstructures. The resultant mechanical properties were attributed to a combined effect of martensitic structure and possible precipitation, solid solution and dislocation strengthening for the EH36 steel samples built via SLM. The fractured surfaces, examined with scanning electron microscopy, showed mostly a dimple type of failure but with a low elongation of up to about 6%. The microsegregation behavior of the samples was believed to accompany this rapid solidification process and the degree of element escaping from the lattice was attributed to the cooling rate.

Improved Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine: A New Intelligent Evaluation Method for AZ-Style Algorithms

Researches on computer games for Go, Chess, and Japanese Chess stand out as one of the notable landmarks in the progress of artificial intelligence. AlphaGo, AlphaGo Zero, and AlphaZero algorithms, which are called AlphaZero style (AZ-style) algorithms in some literature [1] , have achieved superhuman performance by using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). However, the unavailability of training details, expensive equipment used for model training, and the low evaluation accuracy resulted by slow self-play training without expensive computing equipment in practical applications have been the defects of AZ-style algorithms. To solve the problems to a certain extent, the paper proposes an improved online sequential extreme learning machine (IOS-ELM), a new evaluation method, to evaluate chess board positions for AZ-style algortihm. Firstly, the theoretical principles of IOS-ELM is given. Secondly, the study considers Gomoku as the application object and uses IOS-ELM as the evaluation method for AZ-style’s board positions to discuss the loss in the training process and hyperparameters affecting performance in detail. Under the same experimental conditions, the proposed method reduces the training parameters by 14 times, training time to 15%, and error of evaluation by 13% compared with the board evaluation network used in original AZ-style algorithms.

Religion and Politics of Renaissance England represented in A Game at Chess

This paper examines how Thomas Middleton represents the issues of religion and politics in his play A Game at Chess. The play has been evaluated as the greatest box office hit of Renaissance England, although it was discontinued after nine performances owing to its controversial satire. It seems that this play was bound up with the diplomatic relationship with Spain at the time, but what is more important to recognize is the relationship between religion and kingship in the play. Religion and kingship were inseparable in Early Modern England because the royal authority was based upon religion. Thus, Middleton’s mocking of the Fat Bishop, who symbolizes religious power, also mocks kingship in the play. Middleton also takes a skeptical view of the White King, who symbolizes James I. As a result, Middleton displays the downfalls of men of power, making them mere chess pieces on a chess board.

Assessing Artificial Intelligence for Humanity: Will AI be the Our Biggest Ever Advance ? or the Biggest Threat [Opinion

Recent rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are arguably the most important dimension of humanity’s progress to date. As members of the human race, that is, homo sapiens, we are defined by our capacity for cognition. Until now, humans were the only species capable of higher cognitive functions. But today AI has advanced to a stage where on many cognitionrelated tasks it can match and even surpass the performance of humans. Examples include not only AI’s spectacular successes in winning Go, chess, and other board games with humans, and in surpassing humans on fully defined world puzzles. But AI is also now achieving extremely high efficiency in practical applications such as speech and object recognition, self-driving cars, intelligent tutoring systems, efficient decision support systems, and in the capacity to detect patterns in Big Data and in constructing accurate models of social behavior. Thus, for the first time in history, we must ask ourselves: “has our monopoly on intelligence, however defined, been challenged?”

Does Impedance Matter When Recording Spikes With Polytrodes?

Extracellular microelectrodes have been widely used to measure brain activity, yet there are still basic questions about the requirements for a good extracellular microelectrode. One common source of confusion is how much an electrode’s impedance affects the amplitude of extracellular spikes and background noise. Here we quantify the effect of an electrode’s impedance on data quality in extracellular recordings, which is crucial for both the detection of spikes and their assignment to the correct neurons. This study employs commercial polytrodes containing 32 electrodes (177 μm2) arranged in a dense array. This allowed us to directly compare, side-by-side, the same extracellular signals measured by modified low impedance (∼100 kΩ) microelectrodes with unmodified high impedance (∼1 MΩ) microelectrodes. We begin with an evaluation of existing protocols to lower the impedance of the electrodes. The poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS) electrodeposition protocol is a simple, stable, and reliable method for decreasing the impedance of a microelectrode up to 10-fold. We next record in vivo using polytrodes that are modified in a ‘chess board’ pattern, such that the signal of one neuron is detected by multiple coated and non-coated electrodes. The performance of the coated and non-coated electrodes is then compared on measures of background noise and amplitude of the detected action potentials. If the proper recording system is used, then the impedance of a microelectrode within the range of standard polytrodes (∼0.1 to 2 MΩ) does not greatly affect data quality and spike sorting. This study should encourage neuroscientists to stop worrying about one more unknown.

Solution Search Simulation The Shortest Step On Chess Horse Using Breadth-First Search Algorithm

Horse seed in the chess board movement resembles the letter L. The chess pieces are one of a very hard-driven beans and seeds are often also the most dangerous if not carefully considered every movement. Simulation of this problem provides a chess board size n x n. Target (goal) of this problem is to move a horse beans of a certain position on a chess board position to the desired destination with the shortest movement simulates all possible solutions to get to the goal position. This problem is also one of the classic problems in artificial intelligence (AI). Settlement of this problem can use the help system and tree production tracking.Therefore, designed a simulation applications by utilizing several techniques of simulation programming and Breadth-First Search method. With this method, all nodes will be traced and the nodes at level n will be visited first before visiting the nodes at level n + 1. The purpose of this study is to design a software that is able to find all the solutions for the shortest movement toward the goal position by using the system of production and tracking tree.Results from this paper is that the software is able to find all solutions shortest movement a horse beans from the initial position to the goal position and displays the simulation of the movement of the horse in the chess board.

Design of smart chess board that can predict the next position based on FPGA

Design of smart chess board that can predict the next position based on FPGA

‘I am … but a pawn in your chess board’: letters, self-presentation, and the making of a lady missionary's career

ABSTRACTThis article explores the epistolary exchanges of a female medical missionary, Mary Ann ‘May’ Harriet Allen, who served with the British Anglican Universities’ Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) in Zanzibar between 1875 and 1882. In particular, it focuses on two sets of letters—the first is set of letters Allen wrote to her father, which he subsequently published in their local newspaper. The second set comprises letters Allen exchanged with her colleagues at the mission. In the first set of letters, Allen cast herself as the protagonist in an African drama typical of Victorian-era missionary publications, a move that obscured the struggles that Allen was facing in her work on Zanzibar, and about which she wrote in letters to her colleagues. Reading these letters against one another offers insight into the techniques of self-actualization available to women in the nineteenth-century mission field, the strategies some women employed to negotiate the contemporary evangelical and patriarchal hierarchies, and into the interior life of a British ‘lady missionary’ navigating her career in the African mission field.

Leo Martinez: striving to end childhood tuberculosis

Not only can Leo Martinez work opponents on the chess board—he began playing aged 8 and reached national level—he's also a talented scientist who was awarded the 2017 Stephen Lawn TB-HIV Research Leadership Prize for his contributions to reducing the burden of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS in Africa. “Leo has done outstanding innovative research on reducing the childhood TB burden—a much needed and underappreciated area”, says Professor Heather Zar, Chair of the Department of Paediatrics and Director of the MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. “Leo has demonstrated how to efficiently identify TB cases among children through targeted household contact investigations in settings with limited resources”, adds Jason Andrews, Assistant Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, where Martinez is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow.

Kertha Gosa Court Hall of Klungkung Bali as an effort to conserve cultural heritage based on traditional culture

Kertha Gosa Klungkung Court Hall in Bali is one of the relics of the cultural heritage of The Kingdom of Bali which is a part of the Klungkung Castle. The existence of Kertha Gosa Architecture Hall as one of the relics of cultural heritage holds historical values, especially Bali traditional values. Indonesia is a country which has the rich culture heritage history, especially on historical buildings. This research seeks for a redenomination to solve problems being faced recently, namely the lack of activities to conserve a historic building as an asset of the country and source of knowledge in education. Listed in Law Number 11 of 2010 the conservation has some criteria, such as : 1.it has 50 years or more; represents the period of a certain style lat least 50 years; has special meaning for the history, science, education, religion, and culture or cultural value as a nation’s personality. The procedure to conduct this research uses a descriptive method by doing observation, interviews, taking some pictures, official documents or personal and other data that have a relevance to the research related to object to describing the condition of the building systematically, factual and actual. Consideration of the selection of objects is based on research by looking at the criteria of architectural, historical and symbolic criteria. Kertha Gosa Hall classic has been there for 395 years was built with zoning system called Sanga Mandala or similar to a chess board using natural materials such as eben wood, and padas rocks which make it authentic and possesses characteristic values of patriotism expression. During the kingdom of Kertha Gosa, Court Hall was like a court nowadays, but people still trust the constructive value of Hindu religion and culture as a product of thinking and live experience.

MESIKHAT DALAM KAJIAN ESTETIKA SIMBOLIS PADA RUMAH ADAT ALAS ACEH TENGGARA

Mesikhat ornament is one of heritage artworks made by people in Alas tribe. As one of the cultural heritages, the motif of Mesikhat ornament which is really important as th eaesthetic symbol for Alas tribe in Southeast Aceh. People in south Aceh call all of carve motif that come from south Aceh as Meshikat. However Meshikat is originally came from Alas tribe. Meshikat motif can be found in traditional house, traditional costume, bag, wallet and others accessories. Meshikhat ornament had existed before the Independence day of Indonesia. However, it became popular around 1990 when these wing machine was firstly used in south east of Aceh. Formerly, meshikat is only applied in traditional house but nowadays the motif is also used in fashion, bag, wall and others accessories. Meshikat, that is applied in traditional house and costume, has five colors; red, yellow, green, white and black. The basic colors symbolize different meanings. For example red symbolizes the bravery, green symbolizes the fertility, yellow shows the glory or the greatness, white symbolizes the purity, and black symbolizes the leadership. The idea of Meshikat motif originated from plants, animals, social life and chess board. The descriptions are applied in the form of two dimension motif without ignoring the aesthetic aspect and the meaning of these objects. Meshikat, notif present many interpretations and messages such as social message, moral value, and spiritual message depending on the motifs.

Political Poems in MS Harley 2253 and the English National Crisis of 1339–41

Abstract The article examines the crucial social conditions, political crises, and royal statutes that underlie verse found in London, British Library MS Harley 2253. Special attention is given to seven political poems: three composed under Henry III around the Montfortian 1260s (the English Song of Lewes, the French Lament for Simon de Montfort, and the Latin All the World's a Chess Board); two composed in the 1330s that, like Chess Board, oppose royal taxation (the French-Latin Against the King's Taxes and the English Song of the Husbandman); a poem of outlaw protest (the French Trailbaston); and a comic dialogue (the French Jongleur of Ely and the King of England). These poems participated in the sociopolitical history of England—local, regional, and national—from 1300 to 1350. Three appendices present the political verse copied by the Harley Scribe into Harley 2253 and Royal 12. C. xii, the relationship of Husbandman to contemporary statutes, and a ribald analogue to Jongleur.

Pakistan's Political Chess Board: Bhutto, Bugti and The National Awami Party Government In Balochistan (1972–1977)

Pakistan's Political Chess Board: Bhutto, Bugti and The National Awami Party Government In Balochistan (1972–1977)

Photonic Nambu-Goldstone bosons

We study numerically the spatial dynamics of light in periodic square lattices in the presence of a Kerr term, emphasizing the peculiarities stemming from the nonlinearity. We find that, under rather general circumstances, the phase pattern of the stable ground state depends on the character of the nonlinearity: the phase is spatially uniform if it is defocusing whereas in the focusing case, it presents a chess board pattern, with a difference of $\pi$ between neighboring sites. We show that the lowest lying perturbative excitations can be described as perturbations of the phase and that finite-sized structures can act as tunable metawaveguides for them. The tuning is made by varying the intensity of the light that, because of the nonlinearity, affects the dynamics of the phase fluctuations. We interpret the results using methods of condensed matter physics, based on an effective description of the optical system. This interpretation sheds new light on the phenomena, facilitating the understanding of individual systems and leading to a framework for relating different problems with the same symmetry. In this context, we show that the perturbative excitations of the phase are Nambu-Goldstone bosons of a spontaneously broken $U(1)$ symmetry.