Cherry Red Research Articles

Assessment of Biometric Parameters and Health of Canna’s Cultivars as Plant Useful in Phytoremediation of Degraded Agrocenoses

Recently, the ecological awareness of society and the need to take care of our surroundings and the natural environment has significantly increased. There is also an urgent problem of searching for new, environmentally friendly techniques for its purification (soil, ground and surface waters, sewage sludge and air) with the use of living organisms, especially higher plants. One plant species investigated for phytoremediation is canna. Ten varieties of canna, grown on degraded and garden soil, were tested in this respect. The disease index and species composition of fungi inhabiting its organs, growth dynamics, parameters of photosynthesis and gas exchange were determined. The conducted research showed that cannas are able to satisfactorily grow even in seemingly unfavorable soil conditions with its strong degradation. Among a total of 24 species of fungi obtained from its organs, genus Fusarium, considered as pathogenic for canna, Alternaria alternata, and, less frequently, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Botrytis cinerea, dominated. The cultivars ‘Picasso’, ‘Cherry Red’, ‘President’ and ‘La Boheme’ had lower rates of photosynthesis and gas exchange than the least affected ‘Botanica’, ‘Wyoming’, ‘Robert Kemp’ and ‘Lucifer’ cultivars. Those turned out to be the most beneficial and they can be recommended for cultivation on strongly degenerated soils.

Comparative Analysis of Added Value of Green Bean and Roast Bean in Bener Meriah Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the amount of added value in the processing of coffee beans (Green bean) and coffee roast beans in Keramat Jaya Village, Bandar District, Bener Meriah Regency per one process. Methods The determination of the sample in this study, namely arabica coffee farmers who process logs of coffee (Cherry red) into coffee beans (Green bean) totaling 12 farmers will be sampled. Meanwhile, Green Bean coffee processors will be determined by the snowball sampling method. The results of this study indicate that the added value in the business of processing coffee logs (Cherry Red) into coffee beans (Green beans) has an added value ratio of 29.7%. The added value in the business of processing green beans into Roast Bean coffee has an added value ratio of 38.17%.

Evaluation of Crop Varieties and Fertilizers Doses on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomato Grown under Protected Condition

The study titled “Evaluation of varieties and fertilizers doses on growth, yield and quality of cherry tomato grown under protected condition” was conducted in 2021-2022 season at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Rabi-2021-22 with the objective to determine the effect of fertilizer application of micronutrients on cherry tomato variety Pusa cherry, Ngamoti and Roja Red for their growth, fruit quality and yield and to work out the economics of various treatments. There were twelve treatments with T1 (Pusa Cherry -1 (RDF@30+10+40 kg/1000m²) as control, T2 Pusa Cherry -1 @ 30+7+35 kg/1000m2, T3Pusa Cherry -1 @ 35+12+40 kg/1000m2, T4Pusa Cherry -1 @ 40+17+45 kg/1000m2, T5Nagmoti (RDF@30+10+40 kg/1000m²) , T6Nagmoti @ 30+7+35 kg/1000m2, T7Nagmoti @ 35+12+40 kg/1000m2, T8Nagmoti @ 40+17+45 kg/1000m2, T9 Roja Red (RDF@30+10+40 kg/1000m²), T10 Roja Red @ 30+7+35 kg/1000m2, T11 Roja Red @ 35+12+40 kg/1000m2 and T12 Roja Red @ 40+17+45 kg/1000m2. Treatment T4 (Pusa Cherry -1 @ 40+17+45 kg/1000m2) out performed the rest of the treatments in all parameters of growth, yield and quality and net return ofT4 with Rs. 4,07,800 and the highest B:C ratio of 1:6.7.

Physiological and Molecular Changes in Cherry Red Tobacco in Response to Iron Deficiency Stress.

The genotype CR60 is a spontaneous Cherry Red variant (containing granular red dapples on flue-cured leaves) of the Yunyan 87 (Y87) tobacco; it accumulates higher concentration of iron (Fe) in leaves than Y87, but the physiological differences between them remain largely unknown. We investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms of CR60 in response to Fe deficiency under hydroponic conditions. Our results showed no significant phenotypic difference between Y87 and CR60 at optimal (40 μM) and high Fe (160 and 320 μM) concentrations. By contrast, CR60 exhibited higher tolerance to Fe deficiency (0 μM) than Y87, as shown by higher concentrations of chlorophyll in CR60 leaves after 21-day Fe-deficiency stress. Transcriptome profiling coupled with RT-PCR analyses found that the expression of IRT1 and several genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis (e.g., PRO, GSA, FD1, PsbO, and PC) was higher in CR60 than Y87. These results indicated that CR60 maintains sufficient Fe uptake, chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic rate when subjected to Fe starvation.

Independent Labels in the 1980s: Between the Underground and the Mainstream

Although small labels had always existed on the margins of the music industry, the DIY spirit of punk radically changed their numbers and outlook, and in the late 1970s labels such as Stiff, Rough Trade, Cherry Red and Mute were created. In the early 1980s, the creation of independent singles and albums charts (in opposition to the mainstream charts) and the coverage given to them in weekly music papers such as the New Musical Express and Sounds, raised the profile of independent labels, as did the commercial success of ‘indie’ bands such as the Smiths. This article examines three fundamental issues concerning independent labels during this period. Firstly, it will study the ideological underpinning of the raison d’être and activities of independent labels and the values they espoused. Secondly, it looks at how they engaged with the mainstream music industry and also how they attempted to differentiate themselves from it, as well as from more underground activities, such as those of the collective based on the punk group Crass. Finally, it moves on to the relationship between the ideological positions of independent labels and the music played by the bands they promoted.

Looking "Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus" in the Eyes: Clinical Phenotype, Treatment Response, and Eye Movements in Sialidosis Type 1.

Sialidosis type 1 is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations of the neuraminidase gene. Specific features suggesting this condition include myoclonus, ataxia and macular cherry-red spots. However, phenotypic variability exists. Here, we present detailed clinical and video description of three patients with this rare condition. We also provide an in-depth characterization of eye movement abnormalities, as an additional tool to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and to facilitate diagnosis. In our patients, despite phenotypic differences, eye movement deficits largely localized to the cerebellum.

Valorization of CBD-hemp through distillation to provide essential oil and improved cannabinoids profile

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) synthesizes and accumulates a number of secondary metabolites such as terpenes and cannabinoids. They are mostly deposited as resin into the glandular trichomes occurring on the leaves and, to a major extent, on the flower bracts. In the last few years, hemp for production of high-value chemicals became a major commodity in the U.S. and across the world. The hypothesis was that hemp biomass valorization can be achieved through distillation and procurement of two high-value products: the essential oil (EO) and cannabinoids. Furthermore, the secondary hypothesis was that the distillation process will decarboxylate cannabinoids hence improving cannabinoid composition of extracted hemp biomass. Therefore, this study elucidated the effect of steam distillation on changes in the content and compositional profile of cannabinoids in the extracted biomass. Certified organic CBD-hemp strains (chemovars, varieties) Red Bordeaux, Cherry Wine and Umpqua (flowers and some upper leaves) and a T&H strain that included chopped whole-plant biomass, were subjected to steam distillation, and the EO and cannabinoids profile were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and HPLC, respectively. The distillation of hemp resulted in apparent decarboxylation and conversion of cannabinoids in the distilled biomass. The study demonstrated a simple method for valorization of CBD-hemp through the production of two high-value chemicals, i.e. EO and cannabinoids with improved profile through the conversion of cannabidiolic acid (CBD-A) into cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromenic acid (CBC-A) into cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDV-A) into cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabigerolic acid (CBG-A) into cannabigerol (CBG), and δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THC-A) into δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In addition, the distilled biomass contained CBN while the non-distilled did not. Distillation improved the cannabinoids profile; e.g. the distilled hemp biomass had 3.4 times higher CBD in variety Red Bordeaux, 5.6 times in Cherry Wine, 9 times in variety Umpqua, and 6 times in T&H compared to the original non-distilled samples, respectively. Most of the cannabinoids remained in the distilled biomass and small amounts of CBD were transferred to the EO. The CBD concentration in the EO was as follows: 5.3% in the EO of Umpqua, 0.15% in the EO of Cherry Wine and Red Bordeaux and 0.06% in the EO of T&H. The main 3 EO constituents were similar but in different ratio; myrcene (23.2%), (E)-caryophyllene (16.7%) and selina-3,7(11)-diene (9.6%) in Cherry Wine; (E)-caryophyllene (~ 20%), myrcene (16.6%), selina-3,7(11)-diene (9.6%), α-humulene (8.0%) in Red Bordeaux; (E)-caryophyllene (18.2%) guaiol (7.0%), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (6.9%) in Umpqua; and (E)-caryophyllene (30.5%), α-humulene (9.1%), and (E)-α-bisabolene (6.5%) in T&H. In addition, distillation reduced total THC in the distilled biomass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed that most of the glandular trichomes in the distilled biomass were not disturbed (remained intact); that suggest a possibility for terpenes evaporation through the epidermal membrane covering the glandular trichomes leaving the cannabinoids in the trichomes. This explained the fact that distillation resulted in terpene extraction while the cannabinoids remained in the distilled material.

Shake the Foundations: Militant Funk & the Post-Punk Dancefloor 1978–1984, 3CD Box Set, Various Artists

Review of: Shake the Foundations: Militant Funk & the Post-Punk Dancefloor 1978–1984, 3CD Box Set, Various Artists London: Cherry Red, £19.99

Shellshock Rock: Alternative Blasts from Northern Ireland 1977–1984, 3CD and DVD box set, Various Artists

Review of: Shellshock Rock: Alternative Blasts from Northern Ireland 1977–1984, 3CD and DVD box set, Various Artists London: Cherry Red, £24.99

Fine-Tuned MobileNet Classifier for Classification of Strawberry and Cherry Fruit Types

This paper proposed an accurate, fast and reliable strawberry, cherry fruit detection and classification system for the automated strawberry cherry yield estimation. State-of-the-art deep learning-based fine-tuned MobileNet Convolutional Neural Network is developed to detect and classify strawberry and cherry fruit types in the outdoor field. The proposed CNN model is trained on 4250 strawberry fruit images, 3878 Cherry fruit images and tested on 990 strawberry fruit’s images, 1012 Cherry fruit images. To capture features and classify fruit type, a fine-tuned MobileNet Convolutional Neural Network model is presented in this study. The original MobileNet CNN model has 88 layers, which is computationally intensive and has more parameters. In the fine-tuned MobileNet CNN model, top layers are frozen and few layers are replaced with other layers such as a depthwise layer, pointwise layer, ReLu and Batch normalization layer, global average pooling layer. The fully connected layer is removed. The fine-tuned MobileNet CNN model performs quite well with higher accuracy of classification of fruit at less computation cost. The proposed CNN Model performs classification and labels them as Blueberry, Huckleberry, Mulberry, Rasberry, strawberry, strawberry wedge, Cherry Brown, Cherry Red, Cherry Rainier, Cherry wax Black, Cherry wax Red, Cherry wax Yellow. The proposed model’s average validation accuracy is about 98.60% and the loss rate is about 0.38%. The fruit images are acquired from the cultivation field include fruits that are occluded by foliage, under the shadow and some degree of overlap of strawberry, cherry flowers.

Effect of foliar application of 2,4‐D and calcium on red‐skinned potato cultivars

AbstractApplications of the plant growth regulator 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and calcium (Ca) are often used to improve the tuber skin quality of red potatoes. Field trials were conducted at Klamath Falls, OR in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate the effect of foliar applications of 2,4‐D and Ca on yield components, specific gravity, and the tuber skin color of four red‐skinned potato cultivars (Red LaSoda, Mazama, Cherry Red, and Rio Rojo). Skin color was evaluated using a Konica Minolta colorimeter at three‐time points during storage. Treatments of either 2,4‐D or Ca did not affect total tuber yield. However, 2,4‐D increased the proportion of tubers less than 170 g potato. When compared to non‐treated potato plants, 2,4‐D resulted in darker tuber skin with increased red pigmentation. Foliar application of Ca did not affect the tuber yield nor skin color. Calcium addition (in a form of CaCl2) decreased specific gravity possibly due to the chloride component. All potato cultivars exhibited color fading throughout the 6‐month storage period. Our data support the evidence that foliar application of 2,4‐D effectively enhances the color of most red‐skin potatoes, whereas foliar application of Ca may be not necessary in soils with adequate Ca supply.

Ultrasound-assisted magnetic nanoparticle-based gene delivery.

Targeted gene delivery is important in biomedical research and applications. In this paper, we synergistically combine non-viral chemical materials, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and a physical technique, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), to achieve efficient and targeted gene delivery. The MNPs are iron oxide super-paramagnetic nanoparticles, coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI), which makes a high positive surface charge and is favorable for the binding of genetic materials. Due to the paramagnetic properties of the MNPs, the application of an external magnetic field increases transfection efficiency while LIPUS stimulation enhances cell viability and permeability. We found that stimulation at the intensity of 30 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes yields optimal results with a minimal adverse effect on the cells. By combining the effect of the external magnetic field and LIPUS, the genetic material (GFP or Cherry Red plasmid) can enter the cells. The flow cytometry results showed that by using just a magnetic field to direct the genetic material, the transfection efficiency on HEK 293 cells that were treated by our MNPs was 56.1%. Coupled with LIPUS stimulation, it increased to 61.5% or 19% higher than the positive control (Lipofectamine 2000). Besides, compared with the positive control, our method showed less toxicity. Cell viability after transfection was 63.61%, which is 19% higher than the standard transfection technique. In conclusion, we designed a new gene-delivery method that is affordable, targeted, shows low-toxicity, yet high transfection efficiency, compared to other conventional approaches.

Dreams to Fill the Vacuum: The Sound of Sheffield 1978–1988, 4CD Box Set, Various Artists

Review of: Dreams to Fill the Vacuum: The Sound of Sheffield 1978–1988, 4CD Box Set, Various Artists London: Cherry Red, £24.99

Optimism/Reject: UK DIY Punk and Post-Punk 1977–1981, 4CD Box Set, Various Artists

Review of: Optimism/Reject: UK DIY Punk and Post-Punk 1977–1981, 4CD Box Set, Various Artists London: Cherry Red, £29.99

Album Review

Electrical language: Independent British synth pop 78–84 4CD box set, London: Cherry Red, £29.99

THE EFFECT OF FUNGAL ACTIVITY ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENT CANNA CULTIVARS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

Three-year studies (2014–2016) were conducted in Lublin in the south-east Poland. The objects of research were the plants of ten canna cultivars: ‘Aida’, ‘America’, ‘Botanica’, ‘Cherry Red’, ‘La Boheme’, ‘Lucifer’, ‘Picasso’, ‘Robert Kemp’, ‘President’ and ‘Wyoming’. Observations were carried out each year in October. Plants with symptoms of stem and root rot, leaves yellowing and wilt were noticed on the investigated plantations. The plants were studied with regard to photosynthetic activity and also by disease index for all cultivars and statistical analysis was carried out upon them. The effect of disease index on photosynthetic intensity and transpiration was determined after the calculation of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Infected plants were collected for mycological analysis. The results of mycological analysis showed that canna plants were colonized by Fusarium spp., Sclerotinia spp. and Alternaria spp. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium avenaceum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum predominated among pathogenic species. The best health status and the lowest number of colonies were noticed for plants of cv. ‘Botanica’. The infection of canna leaves by pathogenic fungi has negatively affected the intensity of photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and sub-stomatal CO2 concentration and it was largely related to the degree of infestation of specified varieties of canna. The photosynthesis process was limited especially in ‘La Boheme’, ‘Picasso’, ‘Cherry Red’ and ‘President’ cultivars, which were infected most frequently by pathogenic fungi. It was confirmed by negative Pearson’s coefficient.

Agronomic performance and strategies of promoting Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) in Malawi

Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd) has the potential to contribute to Malawi’s food and nutritional security by adaptation to droughts that have become frequent due to climate change. Eleven genotypes of quinoa were introduced in 2012 and evaluated for plant growth and yield performance in different environments of central and southern regions of Malawi to determine the potential for quinoa production in the country. The first trials were conducted at Bunda in Lilongwe and Bembeke in Dedza in 2012 under irrigated conditions. Trials under rainfed conditions were conducted at the Bunda site in the 2012/13 and 2014/15 cropping seasons. Evaluation of thirteen promising genotypes under irrigated conditions (2014 to 2015) was extended to six extension planning areas, including Chiluwa in Salima and Nkhunga (Nkhotakota) as warm environments, Mwansambo (Nkhotakota) as a mildly warm environment, Malomo (Ntchisi) as a mildly cool environment, and Kalira 2 (Ntchisi) and Nalunga (Dowa) as cool environments. The genotypes were laid out in completely randomized block designs with four replicates. The maturity period of the genotypes was early in the warm sites (88 days in Nkhunga and 94 days in Chiluwa) and delayed in the cooler sites (121 days in Nalunga and 120 days in Kalira). On the basis of genotype and site-specific results, the highest grain yields were achieved for Brightest Brilliant Rainbow (BBR) (3,992 kg ha-1), QQ74 (3,652 kg ha-1), Black Seeded (3,426 kg ha-1), Multi-Hued (3,272 kg ha-1) and Puno (3,251 kg ha-1) in Nalunga and in QQ74 (4,311 kg ha-1), BBR (3,331 kg ha-1), Multi-Hued (3,184 kg ha-1) and Cherry Vanilla (3,056 kg ha-1) in Malomo. The lowest yields obtained were from Cherry Vanilla, Red Head (1,276 kg ha-1) and BBR (1,255 kg ha-1) in Chiluwa. Quinoa production is possible in Malawi. The genotypes QQ74, BBR, Multi-Hued, Cherry Vanilla, Bio-Bio, Titicaca and Black Seeded have been released for commercial production. Engagement of both government and nongovernmental organizations with a focus on seed systems, processing and utilization can help to integrate quinoa into the food systems of Malawi.

Album Review

Abstract To the Outside of Everything: A Story of Post-Punk 1977–1981, 5CD box set, London: Cherry Red

Aesthetic Quality and Strength of Bioplastic Biocontainers at Different Substrate Volumetric Water Contents

Various types of emerging bioplastic containers present a range of physical and chemical properties and can perform differently from one another in production environments. Container performance may be affected by substrate moisture content. We quantified the effects of bioplastic container type and substrate volumetric water content (VWC) on the aesthetic and mechanical strength properties of bioplastic containers and on plant growth. Seedlings of ‘Divine Cherry Red’ new guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri W. Bull) and ‘Pinot Premium Deep Red’ zonal geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H. Bailey) were transplanted into five types of 11.4-cm–diameter containers, four types made from bioplastics and one type made from petroleum-based plastic and used as a control. Plants were watered to container capacity at transplant, allowed to dry down to VWC thresholds of 0.20 or 0.40 m3·m−3, and subsequently maintained at desired set points by using a precision irrigation system controlled by soil moisture sensors. Total volume of water applied per plant to new guinea impatiens was affected by VWC and not container type, whereas irrigation volume was affected by both for geranium. Growth index and shoot dry mass (SDM) of new guinea impatiens and geranium were affected by VWC. Container type affected growth index and SDM of geranium only. Water use efficiency (WUE) of both species was similar regardless of container type and VWC. Aesthetic quality varied based on VWC for only one container type, which was made from a blend that included soy-based bioplastic. Containers manufactured with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) or polylactic acid (PLA), soy polymer with adipic anhydride (SP.A), and a proprietary bio-based filler (BR) derived from modified DDGS were stronger when maintained at a lower VWC, 0.20 m3·m−3. Our findings indicate that restricting irrigation to the minimum needed to achieve the desired crop growth is a viable strategy for sustaining aesthetic quality and strength of bioplastic containers manufactured with plant protein–based fillers such as SP.A and BR. Other bioplastic containers, such as those made of PLA–lignin biocomposite, show durability equal to that of petroleum-based plastic containers and maintain pristine appearance regardless of substrate VWC during production.

Reduced incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus and leafminer in a tomato cultivar in northern Thailand

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a whitefly-vectored begomovirus, is a major limiting factor for tomato production worldwide, including Thailand. Field evaluation of commercial tomato cvs. for resistance to the virus endemic in northern Thailand has not been reported. Experiments conducted in northern Thailand in 2011–2013 compared the field performance of three tomato cvs. from the US with a commonly grown Thai cultivar. There were few significant differences observed among the cvs. in marketable yield, and the severity of root-knot and root rot. However there were significant differences noted in TYLCV incidence; virus incidence ranged from 38 to 100% and 8–41% in experiments one and two, respectively. In both experiments ‘Husky Cherry Red’ from the US had the lowest TYLCV incidence, leafminer damage (Liriomyza sp.), and progression of foliar necrosis primarily caused by thrips feeding and possibly exacerbated by air pollution. TYLCV infection was confirmed by a simplified method of nuclear inclusion visualization with light microscopy in experiment one, and by virus inclusion detection and PCR in experiment two.