Cherry Laurel Fruit Research Articles

THE THERMAL OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF KIRAZ AND FINDIK CHERRY LAUREL FRUITS STABILITY (LAUROCERASUS OFFICINALIS L.) AND THEIR MOLASSES

This study aimed to investigate the thermal stability of certain phytochemicals in molasses at temperatures of 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C throughout 6 to 168 hours. Additionally, the chemical makeup of Kiraz (KCLM) and Fındık (FCLM) cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis L.) fruits, as well as their molasses, was examined. The two molasses compositions were different due to the type of fruit used. The soluble dry matter (SDM) and dry matter (TDM) of the molasses ranged from 68.0-68.2% and 72.3-73.1%, respectively. The FCLM had higher values for titratable acidity (TA) (1.201%), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (22.72 mg/kg), Vitamin C (66.83 mg/100 g), phenolics (TP) (5359 mg GAE/100 g), anthocyanin (ACN) (45.27 mg/kg), DPPH-RSA (80%), antioxidant capacity (AC) (33.74 µg TE/g), Hunter L* (31.34), a* (0.96), b* (-0.59), and browning level (BL) (15.20) compared to KCLM. The ANOVA results showed that cultivars, temperature, and storing time significantly affected phytochemicals and physicochemical properties (P <0.05).

Bioactive properties of vinegars produced from prunus laurocerasus L. Varieties

BACKGROUND: Cherry laurel fruit (CLF) has distinctive bioactive properties, which may yield new food products based on CLF. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to realize the production of vinegar from the CLF, thus, valorizing the CLF, which is rich in antioxidants and phenolic substances, and bringing a new nutrient-rich vinegar to the market. METHODS: Seven types of traditional CLF vinegar (CLFV) from three different species were produced, and their bioactive properties were examined. The bioactivity analyses of total phenolic substance (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total antioxidant activity (AA), DPPHࢫ (Free radical scavenging activity), FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power), ABTSࢫ + (Radical cation scavenging effect) were conducted. In addition, the composition of phenolic substances was studied. RESULTS: This study showed that CLFV performed better than controls regarding antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and substances. The presence of intense phenolic elements in CLFV significantly impacts its antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities of CLFV were detected to be greater than the previous reports on bioactivities of vinegar from various fruits. CONCLUSIONS: High antioxidant and phenolic content were observed in CLFV, similar to the composition of the CLF. The usability of CLFV as a healthy and nutritious food product seems achievable on an industrial scale.

Effect of Altitude and Location on Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Laurel Cherry (Prunus Laurocerasus L.)

The compositional and antioxidant properties of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruit, which grow in two different locations (Trabzon and Rize) and altitudes, were investigated. The results were subjected to principal component analysis to better describe the relations between investigated properties and growing conditions. The results indicated that antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, citric acid, sugars and phenolic compounds were affected by location and altitude. While fruits of Trabzon province have higher composition content than those of Rize province, fruits collected at low altitudes in both regions were found to have superior properties. Total phenolic content in fruits from Trabzon and Rize provinces increased from 21.90 to 23.32 and from 16.84 to 18.91 mg gallic acid equivalent / 100 g dry weight (DW), β-carotene increased from 5.19 to 6.75 and from 4.16 to 5.61 mg / kg DW, and total sugar increased from 81.68 to 131.99 and from 86.44 to 99.58 mg / g DW when altitude decrease from 351 to 49 m and 316 to 14 m, respectively. Chlorogenic acid (1404.46-7358.63 mg / kg DW) and rutin hydrate (1491.05-2712.91 mg / kg DW) were major phenolic compounds in all samples.

Effects of Genotypes and Drying Temperatures on Color and Thin Layer Drying Models of Cherry Laurel (Laurocerasus Officinalis L.) Fruits

Aim of study: As in agricultural products, the effect of drying air temperature on the quality and drying properties of black nut fruit is important. In the literature, it is seen that the temperature value of 55 ºC is used for drying the black nut fruit. For this reason, the aim of the study is to investigate the effect of upper and lower temperature values on the drying of black nut, based on the core temperature value of 55 ºC. Material and methods: In this study, black nut fruits with 54K01 and 55K07 genotypes were dried at 50, 55 and 60 ºC temperatures up to 10-15% humidity range. The most suitable temperature was determined in terms of color and drying models of the product. Main results: The longest and shortest drying times of the 54K01 genotype black nut fruit were determined as 34.5 and 21.5 hours, respectively. For 55K07 genotype fruit, these values were found as 22.5 and 12 hours, respectively. The drying rates of the products under drying temperatures were processed in Modified Page, Wang Singh, Jena Das and Lewis thin-layer drying equations. With the increase in temperature, the drying time of both genotypes decreased significantly. In case the drying temperatures increased from 50 to 60 ºC, the drying time decreased by 37.68% for the 54K01 genotype and by 46.67% for the 55K07 genotype. Highlights: Among the models, the Wang Sing model best predicted drying data for both the 54K01 and 55K07 genotypes. The measured and calculated color values of the dried samples were compared with the fresh ones and it was determined that drying at 50 and 60 ºC drying temperatures would be more appropriate for the 54K01 and 55K07 genotypes, respectively.

Biochemical content of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruits with edible coatings based on caseinat, Semperfresh and lecithin

Cherry laurel is one of the most important cherry species and naturally grown in Black sea region in Turkey. Its fruits are sold at high price in local markets in northern parts of Turkey. Cherry laurel fruits are very perishable with a limited shelf life due to a high metabolic activity and susceptibility to mechanical damage and microbial attack. The effect of edible coatings (EC) based on caseinat, Semperfresh and lecithin on the fruit quality, bioactive content and antioxidant activity of cherry laurel fruits stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 15 days was evaluated. The EC fruits compared with uncoated fruits in terms of weight loss, brix, color, pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugar, total sugar, sucrose, total phenolic content, DPPH-IC50, ABTS-IC50, total yeast-mold count, number of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). Results showed that Semperfresh coating was more promising on titratable acidity (0.26%), pH (4.63), invert sugar (11.77 g/100 g), total sugar (11.96 g/100 g) and sucrose (0.13 g/100 g), caseinat coating was found more promising for count of total yeast-mold count (2.93 log kob/g) and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (3.44 log kob/g) and lecithin coating was more promising in terms of weight loss (6.77%). For radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content, Semperfresh was found more useful. Thus, caseinat, Semperfresh and lecithin showed to be a promising alternative in prolonging shelf life and preserving the quality of cherry laurel.

Hurma (Diospyros kaki), Karayemiş (Prunus lauroceraus) ve Mavi Yemiş (Vaccinium arctostaphylos) Meyvelerinin Doğal Antioksidan Kaynağı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Most living things need oxygen to survive. However, the consumption of oxygen by cells causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this case, oxygen can have a toxic and mutating effect. It is reported that ROS, which create an imbalance between the antioxidant system of the organism and cause oxidative stress, cause chronic and acute diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's and some immune problems and aging. Antioxidants are substances that can delay or prevent the damage caused by oxygen in living environments, although they exist in low concentrations. Epidemiological studies report that an antioxidant-rich diet is beneficial and can have a great impact on disease prevention. For this reason, a lot of research should be done on natural antioxidants. For this purpose, Diospyros kaki (persimmon), Prunus lauroceraus (cherry laurel), Vaccinium arctostaphylos (blue berry) fruits are dried at 60°C and then mixed with ethanol (40°C), hot water (75°C) and warm water (40°C). were subjected to the extraction process and extracts were obtained at the rates of 2.5% and 5%. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant effect. According to the results obtained, the highest antioxidant activity was determined in the hot water extract of the blue berry fruit, and the lowest in the ethanol extract of the cherry laurel fruit. It was observed that increasing the extract concentration slightly increased the antioxidant activity.

Evaluation of agronomic, bioactive and element status of promising cherry laurel (P. laurocerasus) accessions in the genetic collection by multivariate analysis

Cherry laurel (Prunus lauroceasus L.) is naturally grown in The Eastern Black Sea Region. It is one of the very valuable fruit types that have not been cultured yet. The people of the region have been consuming it as a health fruit for many years. it is a nice looking sourness-sweet fruit. In this study, the fruit characteristics of the 15-years-old promising P. lauoraceasus genotypes in the genetic collection orchard of the 'Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute' and the relationships between the traits were determined by multivariate tests. All the characters studied showed significant variation. Among these characters, the yield that was not previously reported from a standard orchard varied between 9.79 - 34.19 kg/tree, and the yield per decare of 61K04 genotype was calculated over 1.5 tons. While macro- and micro-elements were generally found to be highly correlated with each other (except Fe, Cu moderate), as an interesting result, DPPH (antioxidant activity) was found to be negatively correlated with TPC (total phenolic content). Another striking relationship, taste and berry homogeneity were positively correlated with berry weight. Mantel test results revealed that the features did not change statistically with geographic distance. In the two-way cluster analysis, provinces were divided into 3 different groups, and Bolu became prominent with its high element content and Samsun with its agronomic features. As a result Principal Component Analysis (PCA), it was shown that the most important features in defining the characteristics of cherry laurel fruits are element contents (except Mg and Fe), yield, berry and seed weight, TPC, and DPPH. As a result of the study, it was observed that the nutrient content of cherry laurel was quite rich and some of the genotypes reached quite satisfactory yield values, and cultivation of this fruit could be commercially important as well as healthy. In addition, it has been shown that the use of multivariate tests in breeding studies is very useful and effective in evaluating individuals and traits.

Cherry laurel fruit extract counters dimethoate-induced reproductive impairment and testicular apoptosis.

Dimethoate is an organophosphorus pesticide used against agricultural insects, which causes oxidative stress and damage in many organs, including the reproductive ones. Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) fruit is rich in vitamins and phenolic compounds with antioxidant effect. The aim of this study was to investigate how effective its extract would be against dimethoate-induced testis and sperm damage in rats. Sixty animals were divided in six groups of 10. Group 1 (control) received only 1 mL of saline (0.9 % NaCl). Group 2 received 7 mg/kg of dimethoate in 1 mL of saline. Group 3 received 4 mg/kg of extract in 1 mL of saline. Group 4 received the extract 30 min before dimethoate administration. Group 5 received vitamin C (positive control, 100 mg/kg in 1 mL of saline) 30 min before dimethoate administration. Group 6 received only dimethoate for the first four weeks and then a combination of dimethoate and extract for another four weeks. All doses were administered daily by oral gavage. After eight weeks of treatment, the rats were euthanised and their reproductive organs removed. We took their body and reproductive organ weights and evaluated testicular oxidative stress, semen characteristics, sperm DNA damage, testicular apoptosis, and histopathological changes. Dimethoate significantly decreased body and reproductive organ weights, sperm motility and concentration, testicular superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-peroxidase activities and significantly increased lipid peroxidation, abnormal sperm rate, sperm DNA damage, testicular apoptosis, and caused histopathological lesions. Cherry laurel extract significantly countered many dimethoate-induced adverse effects, both as pre- and post-treatment, including reproductive organ weight, semen parameters, oxidant-antioxidant balance, sperm DNA integrity, testicular apoptosis, and histological structure. Our findings clearly suggest that the beneficial effects of the extract are associated with countering oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation in particular.

Effects of Different Drying Methods and Temperature on the Drying Behavior and Quality Attributes of Cherry Laurel Fruit

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different drying methods and drying temperature on the drying kinetics, total bioactive compounds, phenolic profile, microstructural properties, rehydration kinetics, and color change of cherry laurel fruit. For this aim, hot air drying (HAD), ultrasound-assisted vacuum drying (USV), and freeze-drying (FD) were conducted on drying of cherry laurel. HAD and USV were conducted at 50, 60, and 70 °C. Drying times of the samples were 1980, 1220, and 770 min for HAD at 50, 60 and 70 °C, and 950, 615, and 445 min at 50, 60, and 70 °C, respectively, for USV. The total bioactive compound was significantly affected by both drying methods and temperature (p < 0.05). FD exhibited the highest total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total anthocyanin (TAC), and antioxidant capacity value USV showed a higher amount of bioactive compounds than those of HAD at the same drying temperature. The content of total bioactive compounds significantly increased as the temperature increased for both HAD and USV (p < 0.05). The chlorogenic acid was identified as a major phenolic, and its amount significantly depended on drying methods (p < 0.05). SEM images described the surface characteristic of dried samples. HAD dried products showed higher shrinkage compared to FD and USV. All drying methods significantly affected the total color difference (ΔE) values (p < 0.05). This study proposed that USV could be as an alternative method to HAD due to higher bioactive compounds retention and rehydration ratio, shorter drying time, less color change, and shrinkage formation.

Effects of drying method on the phenolics content and antioxidant activities of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.)

Cherry laurel fruit is a good source of phenolics together with considerable antioxidant activity. However, it is only available for a short period of time during the year. Drying could offer long-time preservation however it harms the bioactive compounds due to the high temperatures applied during the process. The aim of this study is to determine the most proper drying method for cherry laurel in terms of preserving its bioactive compounds. The phenolics contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and color properties of cherry laurel dried via lyophilization, vacuum drying, and fan oven-drying were compared. Lyophilized cherry laurel had the highest phenolics content (315.51 Gallic acid equivalent mg/100 g dried cherry laurel) and color intensity (C*). The antioxidant activity was determined using both DPPH and ABTS assays. The highest antioxidant activity (6.16 mM TE/g in DPPH and 28.83 mM TE/g in ABTS) thus, the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was detected for lyophilized samples in both DPPH and ABTS assays in methanolic (1.59 mg dried cherry laurel) and aqueous (0.30 mg dried cherry laurel) extracts, respectively. In general, vacuum- and fan oven-dried cherry laurel presented similar phenolics contents and antioxidant activities. None of the dried cherry laurel extracts showed antibacterial activity against the selected bacteria. Although lyophilization is a high-cost technology, it could be applied as an alternative method in the drying of cherry laurel since it provides high-quality products while maintaining its bioactivity.

Influence of phenolic profile on the RP-HPLC detection and anti-carcinogenic potential of cherry laurel extracts from Black Sea Region-Turkey

Cherry laurel produces edible dark colored fruits that are anticipated to have strongly antioxidative properties. Various studies dealt with the phenolic composition of cherry laurel fruits or concentrated juice to analyze the antioxidative potential. Here, in addition to polyphenol analysis, anti-proliferative activities of cherry laurel components have been investigated. Using an RP-HPLC method, phenolic content of the fruits were analyzed and 14 different polyphenolic compounds were determined in three varieties (55K06, 61K04 and 61K05), some of which were detected for the first time in cherry laurel fruits. Chlorogenic acid was found to be the major phenolic compound. In cell culture studies, polyphenolic extracts demonstrated anti-carcinogenic activity against HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells, potentially due to apoptotic activity of the extracts as demonstrated by flow cytometry. The composition and concentration of phenolic compounds largely determined the extent of cellular viability and apoptotic potential.

Effects of Freeze-Drying Process on Antioxidant and Some Physical Properties of Cherry Laurel and Kiwi Fruits

Freeze-drying is a trend method for the preservation
 of thermosensitive and nutritive food products. In this study, two different fruits,
 kiwi fruit with high ascorbic acid content and cherry laurel fruit with high phenolic
 content, were selected to study the freeze-drying effect on these compounds.
 Ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of kiwi
 and cherry laurel fruits were determined before and after freeze-drying
 process. Ascorbic acid content of kiwi and cherry laurel fruit were 205.14±21.33
 and 3.00±1.02
 mg/100 g dry matter, respectively. Total phenolic content of kiwi and cherry
 laurel fruits were 262.66±19.97
 and 1056.78±90.73 mg GAE/100 g dry matter, respectively. Ascorbic acid contents
 did not change, while antioxidant capacities increased by freeze-drying process
 for both fruits. The total phenolic content of cherry laurel fruits increased significantly
 after freeze-drying in contrast to the total phenolic content of kiwi fruits.
 Color values changed with freeze-drying, the lightness and yellowness values
 increased significantly for both fruits (p<0.05). The rehydration ratios of
 freeze-dried kiwi and cherry laurel fruits were found similar at 25 and 40°C. The rehydration ratio in water at 40°C increased more quickly in the beginning of
 immersion than the ratio at 25°C. The
 results of this study showed that freeze-drying method is highly recommended
 for the preservation of nutritive values of these fruits and off-season
 products.

Effects of Aloe vera gel and MAP on bioactive compounds and quality attributes of cherry laurel fruit during cold storage

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Aloe vera (AV) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on physiological and chemical quality attributes of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruit during the cold storage at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% RH. Throughout the storage, fruit weight and firmness losses were delayed with AV and MAP treatments. At the end of storage, the respiration rate of fruit treated with MAP was lower than the control and AV-treated fruit. Similarly, ethylene production of MAP and AV-treated fruit was lower than the control. At the end of storage, the highest hue angle was obtained from the control, whereas the lowest hue angle was measured in AV + MAP. Decay rate of AV and MAP-treated fruit was lower than the control. Vitamin C, total flavonoids, total monomeric anthocyanin and antioxidant activity of fruit treated with AV and MAP was higher than the control. The astringency of AV and AV + MAP-treated fruit was higher than the control at the end of storage. This study revealed that AV gel and MAP treatments were effective in maintaining quality and bioactive compounds of cherry laurel fruit.

Antiproliferative effect of Cherry laurel

Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) fruits including phenolic and flavonoid contents are consumed as fresh, dried or prepared in marmalade and its leaves containing cyanogenic glycosides have healing activity of a well-known Anatolian folkloric remedy. Herein, Cherry laurel fruits were boiled in water for 2 h then extracted with hexane, EtOAc and BuOH successively. Antiproliferative activities of extracts were evaluated on HeLa (Human Cervix Carcinoma), HT29 (Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma), C6 (Rat Brain Tumor Cells), and Vero (African Green Monkey Kidney) cell lines. All extracts exhibited slightly antiproliferative effects on various cancer cell lines at high concentration. We assessed the ability of extracts of cherry laurel fruit to devastate the membrane of cells. Results indicated that cherry laurel fruit extracts slightly destroys the cellular membrane in tumor cell lines at high concentration merely. The results of this study not support the efficacy of cherry laurel fruit extracts as an anticancer agent for cancer cells, but it suggests that cherry laurel fruit extracts may be used through reducing cytotoxicity a potential adjuvant therapy to current chemotherapeutic agents. Fatty acids of hexane extract were also determined by GC-MS analysis and found out that linoleic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid were the major products.

Storage Temperature Affects Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and Fruit Quality Parameters of Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasusL.)

The effects of storage temperature on weight loss, flesh firmness, color characteristics, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity, vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity and individual phenolic compounds of cherry laurel fruits (Prunus laurocerasus L. cv. Kiraz) during storage (at 2 ± 0.5C and 90 ± 5% RH) were investigated in this study. The weight losses of fruits increased with the increasing storage durations. The weight loss was 11.11% at the end of storage. While flesh firmness, titratable acidity and vitamin C decreased throughout the storage, an increase was observed in SSC values. Throughout storage period, an increase was observed in L* and hue angle and a decrease was observed in chroma values. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, individual phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity decreased throughout the storage period. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic acid in cherry laurel fruits. Practical Applications Cherry laurel fruit are rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant effects. The storage temperature can provide significant contributions to market value and prevention of nutritional values of the cherry laurel fruits. This study revealed that storage temperature was effective in delaying softening of fruits and maintaining bioactive compounds of cherry laurel fruits.

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Cherry Laurel Fruit

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the influence of microwave power (300–600 W), plant material-to-solvent ratio (0.05–0.2 g/cm3), and extraction time (10–30 min) on the efficiency of microwave-assisted extraction of the cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruit. From experimental data, a quadratic polynomial mathematical model (R2 = 0.9949) was developed to predict the extract yield. All considered factors were statistically significant for extraction efficiency, while the most important factor was extraction time. Microwave power of 550 W, plant material-to-solvent ratio of 0.05 g/cm3, and time of 25 min were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 9.36 g/100 g fresh plant material, which was confirmed through laboratory experiments (9.12 ± 0.61 g/100 g fresh plant material). An economic condition for simultaneous maximum extract yield (7.58 g/100 g fresh plant material) with minimal energy and solvent consumption was determined by the desirability function method (18.2 min, 300 W, and 0.2 g/cm3). Additionally, the total phenol and flavonoid quantification and antioxidant activity of both extracts were tested. There is no statistically significant difference in the total flavonoid content in the extracts obtained under both proposed conditions, while the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extract obtained under economic conditions were slightly lower.

The main quality attributes of non-sprayed cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) genotypes

Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis) is naturally growing in black sea region in Turkey and the trees has not been spraying with pesticides. In natural growing conditions, all cherry laurel genotypes particularly fruits are seems resistant against pests. Astringent nature of fruits forms a barrier for pests. A total twelve cherry laurel accessions were harvested at full maturation time from various sites in Of district located in eastern black sea region in Turkey. Fruits were analyzed for their total phenolic (TP), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), total carotenoid (TC), Vitamin C and for their antioxidant capacity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in fruit flesh extract. Variability among accessions was greatest for total phenol (TP) and total anthocyanins content ranged from 154 to 213 mg GAE per 100 g and 397 to 519 mg per 100 g. The results indicated that cherry laurel fruits are superior and unique in terms of bioactive content in particular compared to bioactive rich fruit species.

Estimation of Certain Physical and Chemical Fruit Characteristics of Various Cherry Laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) Genotypes

Fruits of 11 cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis L.) genotypes grown in a single location, Rize province, were analyzed for their fruit characteristics. Both physical and chemical characteristics of cherry laurel fruits were significantly influenced by genotypes. Fruit weight, the number of fruits per cluster, and flesh per seed ratio ranged between 1.87 and 4.01 g; 9.21 and 21.05, and 5.54 and 9.33, respectively. The genotypes R06 and R09 had the highest total anthocyanin [205 and 202 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), respectively] and R06 and R11 had the highest total phenolic contents (503 and 481 mg/100 g FW, respectively). Total carotenoid and vitamin C contents ranged from 207 to 278 mg/100 g FW and 2.1 to 4.1 mg/100 g FW, respectively. Soluble solid content (SSC), crude fiber, crude protein, pectin, ash, and pH of genotypes fell between 9.64% and 17.10%; 0.44% and 0.85%; 1.44% and 2.09%; 0.20% and 0.47%; 0.25% and 0.71%, and 4.30 and 4.93, respectively. Data demonstrated that the great variations observed in the physical and chemical characteristics of individual cherry laurel genotypes might be explained by genotypic effect because all genotypes grew under the same ecological conditions. The investigated genotypes seemed to be perspective in health promotion.

Relationship between total anthocyanin level and colour of natural cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruits

The total anthocyanins level and fruit colour were investigated in twelve naturel cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) genotypes. Anthocyanins are well-noted as healty compounds due to their antioxidant properties. Fruit samples of cherry laurel were examined for their total anthocyanin content by using a spectrophotometric differential pH method. Cherry laurel genotypes showed differences in their total anthocyanins levels which ranged from 67.52 to 260.81 mg kg-1. Total anthocyanin content was the highest in KG 11 (260.81 mg kg-1) and followed by KG 8 (235.99 mg kg-1) and KG 6 (228.60 mg kg-1) and colour a* value (redness) of these genotypes were lower compared to other eight genotypes (5.63, 7.41 and 5.34, respectively). The total anthocyanins were strongly correlated with chromatic parameters (a* and b* value, chroma, hue angle) except for L* value. These results showed that antioxidant level of fully coloured fruits were lower so increasing total anthocyanins level alone was not effective on coloring of fruit of cherry laurel. Key words: Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.), anthocyanin, colour.

Several Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Cherry Laurel (Laurocerasos Officinalis Roem.) Fruits

ABSTRACTEight cherry laurel genotypes sampled from Black Sea region in Turkey were examined for their soluble solid content, fruit skin colour, total anthocyanin, fatty acids, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Linoleic acid was determined as the major fatty acid in all cherry laurel genotypes (41.44–53.89%) and was followed by oleic acid (15.40–27.13%). The total phenolic content in cherry laurel genotypes was observed between 24.36 and 75.27 mg gallic acid equivalents per g dry matter basis. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in genotype TRZ5 as 89.86% which was higher than the standard BHA (88.34%). These results suggest that the cherry laurel fruits are good natural source of antioxidants and potentially can be used as parental material in variety breeding studies.