Cherry Fruit Extract Research Articles

The Impact of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Plant Extracts on the Physiology of Gastrointestinal Tract Cell In Vitro Model in the Context of Metabolic Diseases

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ethanol extracts from sea buckthorn and Cornelian cherry fruits and leaves on physiology of gastrointestinal tract cells. We used three cell lines relevant to the types of cells, which are exposed to bioactive compounds after oral administration, namely intestinal absorptive cells (Caco-2/HT-29 MTX model), hepatocytes (HepG2 cells) and immunocompetent cells (RAW 264.7 and P388D1 monocytes). The contents of antioxidant and bioactive polyphenols, such as cinnamic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids, rutin, myricetin, resveratrol, quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol, were assessed in the extracts using HPLC chromatography. The application of the extracts to Caco-2/HT-29-MTX cultures increased enterocyte differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase and villin1 level) and goblet cell markers (mucins) over a fortnight. The extracts reduced lipid droplet size in hepatocytes challenged with hyperglycaemic glucose concentration, insulin and palmitate. Sea buckthorn leaf, fruit and Cornelian cherry leaf extracts blocked oxidative burst in the PMA-stimulated monocytes, while the sea buckthorn leaf and Cornelian cherry fruit extracts downregulated lipopolysaccharide-induced NO and IL-1β, respectively. The results indicate that the tested extracts modulate the behaviour of cells in the gastrointestinal tract in a beneficial way, especially regarding lipid accumulation and innate immunity actions.

A NEW NATURAL FOOD DYE: MICROENCAPSULATED CORNELIAN CHERRY BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS

Cornus mas (CM) is one of the four edible fruits of the Cornus genus, a rich source of biologically active compounds (BACs) such as vitamins (like vitamin C), carotenoids, iridoids, and phenolics (phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and other flavonoids). This study aimed to analyse the improvement of the stability of CM anthocyanins by microencapsulation, in order to propose a new natural food dye. Microencapsulation using a mixture of whey protein isolate (WPI) and chitosan (CH) as wall materials has been applied to protect anthocyanins against external factors (e.g., light, temperature, storage, etc.). Two experimental variants of microencapsulated powders, WPI:CH = 1:1 (CH1) and WPI:CH = 1:2 (CH2), were realised by varying the wall materials ratio. The cornelian cherry fruit concentrated extract was evaluated for its phytochemical, colourimetric, and antioxidant capacities. Due to the excellent anthocyanin encapsulation effectiveness (74.29 – 88.71%), the wall materials utilised for both powders can be considered effective choices to safeguard the anthocyanins. All tests performed on the microencapsulated powders demonstrated that both suggested experimental forms can serve as a healthy substitute for artificial food additives. The incorporation of cornelian cherry fruit extract and microencapsulated powders into a food matrix (jelly candies) allowed examination of their effectiveness. The colour analysis rigorously characterised all the colour parameters related to red nuances (due to anthocyanins content, such as cyanidin-3-glucoside) and yellow nuances (associated with carotenoids content).

Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extract Lowers SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in Liver and Alters Various PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, LXR-α Target Genes in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model.

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits, abundant in iridoids and anthocyanins, are natural products with proven beneficial impacts on the functions of the cardiovascular system and the liver. This study aims to assess and compare whether and to what extent two different doses of resin-purified cornelian cherry extract (10 mg/kg b.w. or 50 mg/kg b.w.) applied in a cholesterol-rich diet rabbit model affect the levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and various liver X receptor-α (LXR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) target genes. Moreover, the aim is to evaluate the resistive index (RI) of common carotid arteries (CCAs) and aortas, and histopathological changes in CCAs. For this purpose, the levels of SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), endothelial lipase (LIPG), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) in liver tissue were measured. Also, the levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in visceral adipose tissue were measured. The RI of CCAs and aortas, and histopathological changes in CCAs, were indicated. The oral administration of the cornelian cherry extract decreased the SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in both doses. The dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. increased ABCA1 and decreased FAS, CPT1A, and RBP4, and the dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. enhanced ABCG1 and AdipoR2. Mitigations in atheromatous changes in rabbits' CCAs were also observed. The obtained outcomes were compared to the results of our previous works. The beneficial results confirm that cornelian cherry fruit extract may constitute a potentially effective product in the prevention and treatment of obesity-related disorders.

Assay of Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extracts Obtained by Green Extraction Methods: Ultrasound-Assisted, Supercritical Fluid, and Subcritical Water Extraction

Assay of Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extracts Obtained by Green Extraction Methods: Ultrasound-Assisted, Supercritical Fluid, and Subcritical Water Extraction

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract improves growth performance, disease resistance, and serum immune-and antioxidant-related gene expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

This study evaluated the use of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract on the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 192 fish (initial body weight of 18.34 ± 1.8 g) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks with 16 fish per tank (4 treatments with 3 replications) and fed with diets containing cornelian cherry extract (CCE11CCE (cornelian cherry extract)) at the rate of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%. The final weight of common carp fed CCE at 0.5% was significantly higher than fish fed 0 and 0.25% doses (p < 0.05). In addition, weight gain and specific growth rate were increased, and feed conversion ratio decreased in fish-fed diets containing 0.5 and 1% CCE compared to other groups. The challenge test with A. hydrophila revealed that common carp-fed CCE had a lower mortality rate than the control. The lysozyme activity was markedly higher in common carp fed 0.5% of cornelian cherry extract than in control. The total immunoglobulin and total protein showed higher values in fish fed 0.5 and 1% than the control. The catalase gene showed higher mRNA levels in fish fed 0.5 and 1% than the control. Glutathione reductase gene expression was markedly upregulated in common carp fed 1% of CCE than the control and 0.25% groups. The glutathione S-transferase gene showed higher mRNA levels in fish fed 0.5 and 1% than the control and 0.25% groups. The superoxide dismutase gene expression was markedly higher in common carp fed 0.5% of CCE than in control. The CC-chemokine and interleukin-10 showed higher mRNA levels in fish fed 0.5% than the remaining groups. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha gene expression was markedly upregulated in common carp fed 1% of CCE than the control and 0.25% groups. The heat shock 70 kDa protein and interleukin-1 beta genes showed higher mRNA levels in fish fed 0.25, 0.5, and 1% than the control. In conclusion, the supplementation of CCE at 0.5–1% is recommended to enhance the growth performance and relieve the impacts of A. hydrophila infection in common carp.

Effect of Cornus mas L. fruit extract on lipid accumulation product and cardiovascular indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with high risk of cardiovascular diseases. The experimental studies have suggested that Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) fruit can improve cardiovascular risk factors. We designed a study to investigate the effect of cornelian cherry fruit extract on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with NAFLD. We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Fifty patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned into the treatment and the control groups. The treatment group received 20cc/d cornelian cherry fruit extract as liquid form and the control group received 20cc/d placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes included lipid accumulation product (LAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index I (CRI-I), CRI-II and atherogenic coefficient (AC). At the baseline, there was no significant difference between two groups in values of LAP, AIP, CRI-I, CRI-II and AC. After the intervention, no significant change was found in the treatment group compared to the control group in LAP (-0.64 (-6.25 to 8.29) vs. 0.0 (-8.66 to 19.01); P=0.91), AIP (0.0±0.08 vs. 0.0±0.1; P=0.84), CRI-I (-0.18±0.63 vs.-0.31±0.49; P=0.42), CRI-II (-0.23±0.56 vs.-0.15±0.32; P=0.52) and AC (-0.18±0.63 vs.-0.31±0.49; P=0.42). Cornelian cherry fruit extract has no effect on cardiovascular outcomes. Further studies with longer intervention durations are needed. Registered on 30 September 2018at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20180419039359N1).

Probing the effects of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) extract on 2D and 3D human skin models

Natural products are not only positioned in the heart of traditional medicine but also in modern medicine as many current drugs are coming from natural sources. Apart from the field of medicine and therapeutics, natural products are broadly used in other industrial fields such as nutrition, skincare products and nanotechnology. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit extract from the Greek native cultivar 'Vasiliadi', on the human 2D and 3D in vitro models in order to investigate its potential impact on skin. We focused on 2D culture of primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) that were treated with sweet cherry fruit extract. In the first place, we targeted fruit extract potential cytotoxicity by determining ATP intracellular levels. Furthermore, we assessed its potential skin irritability by using 3D skin model. To better understand the bioactivity of sweet cherry fruit. extract, we used qPCR to study the expression of various genes that are implicated in the skin functions. Our experiments showed that sweet cherry fruit extract is non-toxic in 2D keratinocytes culture as well as non-irritant in 3D skin model. Our results revealed that the extract mediated important pathways for the optimum epidermis function such as cell proliferation, immune and inflammatory response. The sweet cherry fruit extracts possesses significant activity in epidermis function without any potential of cytotoxicity or skin irritability, which makes it a rather promising active agent for skincare.

Biological activity and chemical composition of native fruits: a review

Brazilian native fruit trees have great potential for their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Among these, the Myrtaceae family stand out for the diversity of known native fruits, as the case of “araçazeiro” or cattley guava [Psidium cattleianum], “pitangueira”, Suriname cherry or Brazilian cherry [Eugenia uniflora], “guabijuzeiro” [Myrcianthes pungens], “guabirobeira” [Campomanesia xanthocarpa] and “uvalheira” [Eugenia pyriformis]. These fruits contain substances of nutritional and potentially functional importance, including dietary fiber, vitamins (especially A and C) and minerals (potassium, iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus), as well as antioxidant compounds, such as phenolics and carotenoids. The consumption of fruits rich in bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activity has the potential to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases. For example, Suriname cherry and cattley guava fruit extracts showed anti-hyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic and antioxidant effects in animal models with insulin resistance, cattley guava also showed anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities. “Uvaia” has a promising effect as an antimicrobial agent. In this review, summarized information on the main native fruits of the Myrtaceae is presented, highlighting their composition and biological activities in order to direct new research.

Preventive efficiency of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract in diniconazole fungicide-treated Allium cepa L. roots

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a medicinal plant with antioxidant-rich fruits. Diniconazole, a broad-spectrum fungicide, is employed extensively. The present study was designed to evaluate the preventive efficiency of C. mas fruit extract (CME) against the toxic effects of diniconazole on a model organism, Allium cepa L. For this aim, physiological, cytogenetic and biochemical parameters as well as the meristematic cell damages were investigated in A. cepa treated with diniconazole and C. mas extract. A. cepa bulbs were divided into six groups which were treated with tap water, 0.5 g/L CME, 1.0 g/L CME, 100 mg/L diniconazole, 0.5 g/L CME + 100 mg/L diniconazole and 1.0 g/L CME + 100 mg/L diniconazole, respectively. Diniconazole application caused a significant reduction in germination percentage, root elongation and total weight gain. Mitotic index decreased, while chromosomal aberrations increased following diniconazole application. Diniconazole caused significant rises in malondialdehyde content and the total activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. The meristematic cell damages induced by diniconazole were indistinct transmission tissue, epidermis cell deformation, thickening of the cortex cell wall and flattened cell nucleus. Aqueous C. mas extracts induced a dose-dependent prevention and amelioration in all damages arisen from diniconazole application.

Halloysite nanotubes as a carrier of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) bioactives

Cornelian cherry fruit extract rich in anthocyanins and iridoids was encapsulated in the halloysite nanotubes in order to obtain a stable nanoscale system for better delivery and prolonged release of bioactive constituents. The cyclic vacuum technique was used for halloysite nanotubes-cornelian cherry composite preparation and the loading of 8.5 wt% was achieved. Pure cornelian cherry extract exhibited antiproliferative effect on HT-29, MCF7, and MRC-5 cells, pristine halloysite nanotubes affected the growth of MCF7 cells, while halloysite nanotubes-cornelian cherry composites demonstrated proliferative activity in all tested cells. The sustained release of anthocyanins was achieved by this encapsulation strategy. Additional implementation of halloysite nanotubes-cornelian cherry into yogurt prolonged the release of iridoid molecules. Obtained results indicate that halloysite nanoclay is a suitable nanocarrier for cornelian cherry constituents that can be utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Novel green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using clammy cherry (Cordia obliqua Willd) fruit extract and investigation on its catalytic and antimicrobial properties

In this study, highly monodispersed, exceptionally stable, spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by the microwave assisted rapid and cost-effective green method. Aqueous extract of clammy cherry (Cordia obliqua Willd) fruit was used as the green reductant, and capping agent for the synthesis of AgNPs and the effect of different synthesis parameters on the optical properties of the synthesized AgNPs was also studied. The characterization of synthesized AgNPs by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies, UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of small AgNPs with narrow size distribution. TEM studies corroborated that the AgNPs are highly crystalline and spherical with an average diameter of 7.13 nm. The cyclic voltammetry profile of AgNPs modified electrode in NaOH depicted prominent redox peaks evidencing an impressive electrochemical response. The AgNPs manifested high catalytic activity towards reduction of methyl orange and rhodamine blue with apparent rate constant 0.3038 min−1 and 0.1542 min−1 respectively. Additionally, the prepared AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial efficacy against the tested microbes. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using clammy cherry fruit extract

The effect of total anthocyanin-base standardized (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract on liver function, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, malondealdehyde, and adiponectin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver: a study protocol for a double-blind randomized clinical trial

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. Evidence showed that anthocyanins might have effects on NAFLD. Protective effects of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) extract, as an anthocyanins-rich source, on liver were reported in animal studies. However, very few clinical trials were conducted in this regard. Thus, the aim of this research will be to evaluate the effect of supplementation with total anthocyanin-base standardized cornelian cherry fruit extract on liver function (Serum levels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cytokeratin-18 fragment M30 (CK-18 M30), as well as steatosis and fibrosis of liver), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), malondealdehyde (MDA), and adiponectin in patients with NAFLD.MethodsIn a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 80 NAFLD patients will be studied. The patients will be randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group will receive the cornelian cherry extract, containing 320 mg.d− 1 anthocyanins, per day for 12 weeks. The control group will also take the placebo daily for 12 weeks. Liver function (Serum levels of AST, ALT and CK-18 M30; steatosis and fibrosis of liver), serum levels of TNF-α, MDA, and adiponectin will be measured at the baseline and the end of trial for both groups and their results will be compared.DiscussionConsidering evidences about the useful impacts of anthocyanins on NAFLD, the effects of supplementation with cornelian cherry extract will be investigated on the important variables related to NAFLD.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20180419039359N1).

Effects of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Antioxidant Capacity and Anthocyanin Content of Cornelian Cherry Fruit Extract.

Red fruits are considered a major source of antioxidant compounds in the human diet. They usually contain anthocyanins, phenolic pigments that confer them multiple health-promoting properties. The health benefits of these bioactive phytocompounds are strongly related to their bioavailability, which has been reported to be low. The aim of the present study is to investigate the changes in antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin content of Cornelian cherry fruit extract during gastrointestinal digestion. Thus, the work was designed using a simulated in vitro digestion model. The antioxidant capacity (AA) was tested by the 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazolyne-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS) method, while quantification of anthocyanins (TAC) was accomplished by the means of the pH differential method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that gastric digestion had no significant effect on the TAC of the extract, while the AA slightly increased. After duodenal digestion, only 28.33% of TAC and 56.74% of AA were maintained. Cornelian cherries’ anthocyanins were stable in stomach, so they can be absorbed in order to manifest their antioxidant capacity at the cellular level. The duodenal digestion dramatically decreased the TAC and AA level in the fruit extract.

UV-light mediated green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Cornelian cherry fruit extract and their comparative effects in experimental inflammation

The purpose of our study is to investigate the comparative effects of materials based on silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with polyphenols from Cornus Mas extract (AgNPs-CM and AuNPs-CM) in vivo on experimental inflammation. The nanoparticles were obtained at room temperature under UV irradiation and were characterized by different methods: ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The modulatory effects of AgNPs-CM and AuNPs-CM on inflammation were quantified by oxidative stress parameters, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels and apoptosis assessment at 2 h, 24 and 48 h after induction of inflammation with carrageenan in the paw tissue of Wistar rats. Our results showed that silver and gold nanoparticles only partial and for a short period have mobilized the antioxidant defense mechanisms. In addition, they diminished inflammation and apoptosis in the early stage while later, at 48 h, exerted an immunomodulatory effect, activated ERK ½ and induced apoptosis. The photoreduced silver and gold nanoparticles, functionalized with natural compounds, modulated the inflammation in a similar manner in the soft tissue injected with carrageenan. In order to decipher the mechanisms involved in interactions of metallic nanoparticles with biological systems and for a complete assessment of the risks and benefits of these products in clinical practice long term studies are necessary.

Extracts of Cherry and Sweet Cherry Fruit as Active Ingredients of Body Wash Formulations

As a response to the growing demand of consumers for active, natural ingredients of cosmetic preparations, manufacturers are looking for new raw materials, rich in compounds with high antioxidative activity. In this research an attempt were made to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds, L-ascorbic acid and the antioxidant potential (DPPH•, ABTS•+ method) of aqueous and aqueous-glycerine extracts from cherry (Prunus avium L), and sweet cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). The next stage of this work was the application of analysed extracts to cleaning preparations. The best antioxidant properties were demonstrated for the aqueous-glycerine extract of sweet cherry fruit, which also was exhibit the highest phenol and L-ascorbic acid content. After application of analysed extract aqueous-glycerine extract of sweet cherry fruit to the gel, it was showed high foam stability. The model formulations enriched with the aqueous extracts of cherries and sweet cherries had a higher foaming ability, compared to the formulations containing the aqueous-glycerine extracts. The addition of both cherry and sweet cherry fruit extracts to the formulations resulted in a decrease in viscosity, in comparison with the baseline sample. The highest decline in viscosity (15% in relation to the baseline sample) was noted for the aqueous extract of sweet cherry fruit. None of model formulations, containing analysed extracts, did not induce skin lesions in the epidermal patch tests. The results indicate that the extracts can be used as a valuable cosmetic raw material, which have strong antioxidant ability and at the same time did not adversely affecting the usable properties of the washing gel.

Study of Chemical Composition and Diuretic Activity of Cherry Fruit Extract

Qualitative composition and content of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in cherry (Prunus cerasus) fruits extract have been studied by HPLC, system Shimadzu LC-20 Prominence module system equipped with LC-20AD quaternary pump, ???-20? column oven, SIL-20A autosampler, SPD-M20A diode-array detector, Luna C 18 (4.6mm×150mm, i.d. 5 mkm) column from Phenomenex®. 5 phenolic compounds were identified as flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids: chlorogenic acid (1.88%), quercitrin (1.69%), and rutin (1.11%) in high amount. It also contains tannins: gallic acid (0.07%), and catechin (0.23%). The total amount of determined phenolic compounds in cherry extract was 4.99%. The ratio of flavonoids to hydroxycinnamic acids was 3:2. Toxicity, diuretic activity, rheological properties of blood and membrane stabilizing activity were determined. Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (given water) and experimental group (given Cherry extract). Results show diuretic, hypouricosemic, and membrane-stabilizing effects due to improvement of kidney filtration and suppressing water reabsorption, excretion of uric acid and creatinine from the body and reducing the degree of hemolysis of red blood cells and preventing damage to erythrocyte membranes. Therefore, according to our study, cherry fruit extract might potentially be used in treatment of various chronic diseases (e.g. gout).

اثر حلالهای مختلف و امواج فراصوت بر خاصیت آنتیاکسیدانی عصاره میوه زغال اخته

میوه زغال اخته به دلیل داشتن ترکیبات ارزشمند فراوانی مانند ترکیبات فنولی، منبع خوبی از آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های طبیعی است و می‌تواند به‌عنوان گیاه دارویی در درمان بسیاری از بیماری‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. در این مطالعه، تاثیر روش‌های استخراج (غرقابی و اولتراسوند) و حلال (اتانول100%، آب- اتانول به نسبت 50:50 حجمی-حجمی و آب) بر میزان ترکیبات فنولی استخراجی و خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره میوه زغال اخته مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. محتوای فنول کل عصاره‌ها با روش فولین سیوکالتیو تعیین شد. فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌ها با استفاده از سنجش قدرت احیاکنندگی آهن III و مهار رادیکال‌های آزاد DPPH مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که نوع حلال و روش استخراج بر مقدار ترکیبات فنولی عصاره‌ها تاثیر گذار بوده است و همچنین وابستگی غلظت ترکیبات فنولی با خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در همه عصاره‌ها مشاهده شد. بالاترین مقدار ترکیبات فنولی با 72/142 میلی‌گرم بر گرم (برحسب اسید گالیک) متعلق به عصاره میوه زغال اخته حاصل از حلال آب- اتانول ( 50:50 حجمی/ حجمی) به کمک روش اولتراسوند بوده است. هم چنین این عصاره با کمترین IC50 با مقدار 955/0 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر در روش مهار رادیکال‌های آزاد DPPHو بالاترین جذب با مقدار 601/0 در آزمون قدرت احیاکنندگی آهن III، بالاترین کارایی آنتی‌اکسیدانی را نشان داده است.

PEMBUATAN NANOPARTIKEL PERAK (NPP) DENGAN BIOREDUKTOR EKSTRAK BUAH Muntingia calabura L UNTUK ANALISIS LOGAM MERKURI

The goal of this research was to make silver nanoparticles (NPP) with a cherry fruit extract bioreductor which was used for mercury metal analysis by using a digital image method. The process of making silver nanoparticles had done by a bottom up method involving a reduction reaction. The precursors used were 1 mM AgNO3 solution and as a bioreductor was an antioxidant compound which were in cherry fruit extract. Variation of the volume ratio between cherry fruit extract and 1 mM AgNO3 solution was 1: 3, 1: 4, 1: 5, 1: 6, and 1: 7 and the variation of contact time were 5, 15, 30, 45, 1, 2, 3 hours, and 1, 2, 7 days. The most optimum results of silver nanoparticles were synthesized with 1 : 4 volume ratio and 1 hour contact time. From the results of selectivity test, it was known that silver nanoparticles were made selective toward Hg and Fe metal. The sensitivity test toward Hg metal, it was known that NPP can detect mercury metal with the smallest concentration of 16,7 ppb.

Investigation of the effect of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract against cisplatin-induced renal cell injury in vitro

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of cornelian cherry fruit extract against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro. Materials and methods African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero) were incubated with 100 mg/mL of cornelian cherry fruit extract, 50 μmol/L of cisplatin or 50 μmol/L of cisplatin plus 100 mg/mL of cornelian cherry fruit extract for 4 h. The wells containing cells without any supplementation served as control. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide assay. Culture mediums were collected, centrifuged and analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Results The cell viability was 59% in cells co-treated with cisplatin and cornelian cherry fruit extract simultaneously and 42% in cisplatin treated cells. The cellular damage ratio was elevated in cells treated with cisplatin. However, when cisplatin combined with cornelian cherry fruit extract the deleterious effects of cisplatin were significantly decreased. The MDA concentration was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05), GSH concentration and GPx and SOD activities were significantly lower (p&lt;0.05) in cisplatin treated group when compared with control group, cornelian cherry group, and cisplatin+cornelian cherry group. Conclusion The present study indicated that cornelian cherry fruit extract exert protective effects on oxidative damage in vitro induced by cisplatin.

Evaluation of Product Quality of Pork Model Sausages Containing Cherry Fruit Extracts Alone or in Combined with Tomato Powders as a Partial Replacement of Sodium Nitrite

Evaluation of Product Quality of Pork Model Sausages Containing Cherry Fruit Extracts Alone or in Combined with Tomato Powders as a Partial Replacement of Sodium Nitrite