Chenopodium Quinoa Seeds Research Articles

Identification and biological activities of triterpenoid saponins from Chenopodium quinoa.

At least 16 saponins were detected in the seeds of Chenopodium quinoa. The 5 previously isolated major saponins, 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl phytolaccagenic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl phytolaccagenic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, and the new saponin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl phytolaccagenic acid were isolated and characterized using mainly NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. The antifungal activity against Candida albicans and hemolytic activity on erythrocytes of these compounds and derived monodesmosides were evaluated. Both bidesmosides and derived monodesmosides showed little or no antifungal activity, whereas a comparatively higher degree of hemolytic activity could be determined for monodesmosides.

Studies on the constituents of Chenopodium quinoa seeds: isolation and characterization of new triterpene saponins.

Six triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the edible grain quinoa, which is seeds of Chenopodium quinoa (Chenopodiaceae). Following are their structures: phytolaccagenic acid 3-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1' '-->3')-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1); phytolaccagenic acid 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1' '-->3')-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2); phytolaccagenic acid 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1' "-->3' ')-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1' '-->2')-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3); phytolaccagenic acid 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1' "-->2' ')-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1' '-->3')-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4); oleanolic acid 3-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1' '-->3')-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5); and oleanolic acid 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1' '-->3')-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6). The oleanane-type saponins (5, 6) were isolated for the first time in this plant, two of the phytolaccagenane (1, 3) were new compounds and two (2, 4) were previously found in quinoa. The structures were characterized on the basis of hydrolysis and spectral evidence, including 1D- and 2-D NMR (HMQC and HMBC) and ESI-MS analyses.

Nutritional and haemagglutination properties of several tropical seeds

SUMMARYThe nutritional potential of a number of raw tropical seeds was assessed in a series of feeding trials with rats. Seed lectin reactivity was also monitored, α-amylase and trypsin inhibitory activities were determined in some of the seeds.Abelmosclius esculentus, Chenopodium quinoa, Delonix regia, Macroptilium lathyroides, Papaver sonmiferum, Parkia biglandulosa, Sesbania arabica, Terminalia catappa, Vigna subterranea, Vigna umbellata and Vigna unguiculata seeds supported moderate rat growth. The seeds contained only low levels of essentially non-toxic lectin, moderate amounts of trypsin inhibitors and negligible quantities of a-amylase inhibitors and they have great potential as dietary protein sources for man and animals.Artocarpus altilis, Canavalia ensiformis, Canavalia maritima, Dioclea grandiflora, Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus coccineus and Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Processor, cv. Rosinha G2 and cv. Carioca 80 seeds were toxic. These seeds contained high levels of potentially toxic lectins. Other antinutritional factors may also have contributed to the high oral toxicity of some of these seeds.Albizia adinocephala, Albizia lebbeck, Bauhinia violacea, Cassia nodosa, Cassia tora, Dioclea sclerocarpa, Entada phaseoloides, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Leucaena leucocephala and Moringa oleifera seeds were also highly toxic but had only low levels of essentially non-toxic lectins suggesting that the toxicity was due to other anti-nutritional factors.Bauhinia reticulata, Macrotyloma uniflorum and Tamarindus indica proteins were poorly digested and utilized. The seeds contained low levels of lectins which agglutinated only rat and cattle erythrocytes which had been pre-treated with suitable proteases. Brownea macrophylla had a similar lectin reactivity.

A compositional study of Chenopodium quinoa seeds

AbstractIn order to estimate the economic and nutritional value of plants from Peru we examined quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, var. Perlada), grown in the north of Peru. Our results show a good content and quality in proteins and lipids of the seed of quinoa.

Two flavonol glycosides from Chenopodium quinoa

Two new flavonol glycosides from the seeds of Chenopodium quinoa have been isolated. Their structures were established as kaempferol 3-apiofuranosyl(1‴→2″)rhamnopyranosyl(1‴→6″)galactoside and kaempferol 3-apiofuranosyl(1‴→2″)rhamnopyranosyl(1‴→6″)galactoside. The main flavonoid glycoside was kaempferol 3-(2,6-dirhamnopyranosyl)galactoside.

Additional toxic, bitter saponins from the seeds of Chenopodium quinoa.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an important Native American food grain. Prior to consumption, the seeds must be washed with H2O to remove bitterness and improve nutritive value. From the warm-H2O extract of quinoa seeds from Mexico, saponins 1-4 were isolated by monitoring the fractionation with brine shrimp lethality and a taste test for bitterness. By chemical, spectral, and enzymatic methods, 1-4 were identified as glycosides of oleanolic acid. Saponin 4, 3-O-[(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)(1----3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-6-O -methyl ester]-oleanolic acid, is a new natural compound.

Ascochyta hyalospora (Cooke & Ell.) comb. nov. in seeds of Chenopodium quinoa

Ascochyta hyalospora (Cooke & Ell.) comb. nov. was encountered in seeds ofChenopodium quinoa; infection ranged from 7.8 to 26.3% in six samples from Bolivia. The fungus produced abundant pycnidia on ungerminated seeds and abnormal seedlings. Description of morphology and a list of synonyms are given. In pathogenicity tests the fungus caused leaf spots and stem necroses inC. quinoa andC. album.