Chennai Region Research Articles

A Detailed Case Study of Human Rights Violation in Chennai Region with Reference of Union Carbide Corporation Vs Union of India

Human rights include the expression of the need for people to be treated in a fair, decent and humane manner regardless of their ethnic, religious or racial profile. Violation of human rights involves denying human beings their basic moral rights. These violations have been part of human history, and only in the last century has a general consensus emerged that they are absolutely wrong. Perpetrators of human rights abuses range from governments, corporations and organized crime rings to communities and individuals. There are many underlying causes that lead people to violate human rights. There is a temptation to view human rights violations in a one-dimensional construct involving a very simplistic spectrum of evil versus good. The first part of this article examines the view that "human rights violators are not necessarily just evil, but may also be themselves forced into ways of behaving by external circumstances". Violations of human rights are a result of the innate evil nature of the perpetrators, who argue that there are other environmental and biological factors that drive people to commit such crimes. The second part of the paper examines the extent to which fear of the "other" drives the desire to commit war crimes against a perceived rival group. The study is based on a systematic content analysis of official documents, press releases, newspapers, articles and interviews. I quantitatively collected all available information and also identified the most frequently recurring terminology and key words, which were graphically represented whenever possible. It also consists of articles and sections as well as various steps taken as a whole or generally or individually with developments and human rights issues from time to time that help in the violation and protection of people around the world. You will find here a discussion of the issue of Kashmir, humanitarian crises during and after the conflict in Gaza between Israeli forces and Hamas in 2008-2009, the UN's view of human rights violations, the crises caused by the 2006 Lebanon war, the humanitarian disaster in the Darfur province of Sudan (2003- 2010); and finally the political, social and economic crisis in Zimbabwe (2001–2010). The case studies analyzed in this research report reveal a number of similar trends as well as some notable differences. As such, they restrict civil liberties to prevent the emergence and mobilization of dissent in society. Moreover, human rights are at the heart of the European integration process (which was built on the ashes of civil war and genocide) and its long-term aspirations. The fundamental recognition of human rights is therefore always reflected in the EU's foreign policy and external relations.

Uncovering mechanisms behind Chennai's deluges during north-east monsoon season 2015: An observational and modeling analysis

The present study delves into the underlying processes responsible for the Chennai deluge during 9th, 15th of November, and 1st December, 2015 by employing both observational data and modeling approaches. The Chennai rainfall, as observed from the GPM satellite data, was substantially higher than the accumulated normal of ∼79 cm for the October-December period. These extreme events coincided with the strongest El Niño event of the century, which persisted from 2014 to early 2016. Further, it is found that the anomalies in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) during this period were more than 1° K above the climatological value and prevailing strong low-level easterly waves over the Indian Oceanic region aided the intensification of previously developing synoptic systems. Soil moisture analysis indicated saturation values nearing 70 %, resulting in increased surface runoff during rainfall events in the backdrop of rapid urban expansion from 1995 to 2015 and aggravated water logging issues. Calculation of thermodynamic indices revealed favourable conditions for the development and intensification of severe convective systems, leading to the catastrophic rainfall events over the Chennai region. A high resolution regional model NCUM (resolution ∼1.5 Km) was utilized to simulate various synoptic features and dynamics of the event over Chennai. Moisture transport at 700 hPa and integrated precipitable water up to 300 hPa were examined, revealing a strong convergence of moisture along the Chennai coast for all cases, with high values of precipitable water observed. Simulations of 3-hourly accumulated rainfall from model generally align with corresponding GPM satellite estimates, despite the model tending to underestimate the intensity of rainfall in all cases. The model simulated location specific rainfall is reasonably well matched with the in-situ observations around Chennai region. However, the model is underestimated the peak rainfall while compare with the observations in all the cases. Further, it successfully depicts the dynamics and structure of extreme rainfall events, including key features such as wind patterns and moisture convergence, demonstrating its utility for forecasting extreme weather events in the Chennai region.

MENSTRUAL CUP USAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG COLLEGE-GOING WOMEN IN SOUTH CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU

Menstrual health and hygiene play a pivotal role in the overall well-being of menstruating women. In the contemporary world where waste management is challenging, there is a growing concern for the disposal of sanitary napkins as well. The paper blends the theme of "Health and well-being" along with "Waste management and cleanliness" to arrive at one solution for the dual problem. The paper takes up a holistic approach to address challenges of menstrual health and waste management, thus promoting "Green menstruation". The core of the paper lies in carefully examining the issues faced by college-going women, in the South Chennai region, during sanitary napkins usage and tries to understand their perceptions on menstrual cups. In addition, environmental benefits revolving around the usage of menstrual cup are also explored. Quantitative method is used by the researchers to address the objectives of the paper. The findings obtained from the research method serves as a foundation for the suggestions and interventions proposed in the paper. Thus, the paper underscores sustainable and eco-friendly real-time solutions that improve the overall well-being of menstruating women while contributing to a cleaner environment. KEYWORDS: Menstruation, Menstrual Cups, Waste Management, Menstrual Health, Green Menstruation.

Hysterium madraspatanum (Hysteriaceae), a new species from Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest of Tamil Nadu, India

A new species of Hysterium, is described from tropical dry evergreen forest region of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, based on both morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis using the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The key morphological characters of the ascomata include the presence of a longitudinal slit remaining closed even at maturity. The ascospores biseriate having three septa with all the cells evenly pigmented including the terminal cells. The ascus measuring 115–122 × 20–22 μm. Ascospores initially two celled and finally become four celled, hyaline first, later changing to yellow and then dark brown, oblong to ellipsoid, 28–39 × 7–12 μm. The nrITS-based phylogenetic tree inferred from the Bayesian posterior probabilities indicate that H. madraspatanum is closely related to Hysterium pulicare, H. angustatum and H. rhizophorae. However, H. madraspatanum is morphologically distinct from them by having relatively larger spore size, shallow groove in the ascomata, spores with concolorous terminal cells. Therefore, is a novel species under the genus Hysterium. Azadirachta indica is reported in the study as a new host for the genus Hysterium.

An empirical review of HR practices and modernization in India\'s retail sector

The success of an organization largely depends on its human resources. Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a vital role in achieving the organizational objectives. The retail sector has played a phenomenal role in India with a tremendous contribution to the Indian economy. The market after 2021 has been an eye-opening time for the Indian retail sector. The industry saw a decline of 8.5% in FY 2021, but it recovered in 2022 to reach $836 billion with an 81.5% contribution from traditional retail. However, the COVID-19 disruptions led to a rapid increase in e-commerce and digital adoption. Now, brands across segments are concentrating on increased online presence and direct sales as customers continue to shop online. This study concentrates on HR challenges in the retailing industry of the Chennai Region. In this article, the HR practices are analysed through HR planning, training, and selective hiring factors using Chi Square Test, ANOVA, Correlation and Regression.

The monsoon-groundwater nexus, impacts and adaptation strategies in the northern part of Chennai region, South India

The variations in groundwater quality and their influence on hydrochemical and microbial properties in the metropolitan cities of North Chennai have been scientifically examined in an attempt to comprehend the effects of urbanization. For this ongoing investigation, 50 groundwater samples from surface bore wells were collected in and around north Chennai, South India, during the pre-monsoon (PRm) season in June 2022 and 50 samples during post-monsoon (POm) in January 2023. Southeast of the desired extent, where urban enclaves predominate, has elevated salinity (12,500 mg/L) and electrical conductivity (EC) of 21,200 μS/cm. The predominant types shown in the Piper and Chadha models were sodium-chloride (Na-Cl). Additionally, the Gibbs diagram revealed the observation of evaporation dominance. The interaction between freshwater and seawater has been shown using ionic ratio analysis. A majority of the sample locations indicated the levels of standard plate count (SPC) and total coliforms (TC) contamination in the groundwater were above allowable limits (WHO). There was a slight improvement in groundwater quality during the post-monsoon session suggesting to a possible effect from recently recharged groundwater. In general, the groundwater quality of the research area is impacted by lithological changes, land use, and urban development. Water quality study may be useful in identifying potential health concerns and notify decisions about water management and treatment policies.

Evaluation of Level of Awareness and Perception among Sports Instructors Regarding Usage of Mouthguards in South Chennai Region: A Cross-sectional Study

Evaluation of Level of Awareness and Perception among Sports Instructors Regarding Usage of Mouthguards in South Chennai Region: A Cross-sectional Study

A Study on Investors Perception Forwards Recent Market Fluctuation and Mutual Funds Investment with Special Reference to Chennai Region

A Study on Investors Perception Forwards Recent Market Fluctuation and Mutual Funds Investment with Special Reference to Chennai Region

Perception on Investing in Stocks With ESG Relevance: A Descriptive View on Influence of Key Demographic Variables and Risk Profiling of Investors

INTRODUCTION: To be purposeful beyond the return consideration by the way of giving importance to environment, society and governance of company through investing in companies that give priority to aforementioned factors by investors and their perception towards ESG is the crux of this research paper. For this several factors that measures the environment, social and governance are itemized and considered as the dependent variable. OBJECTIVES: To know whether the influences of the three risk-acceptance levels on environment, social and governance factors were different based on selected demographic variables METHODS: Some of the key demographic variables like Age range, Annual income and Employment status are taken as independent variables with another key variable the tolerance towards risk of the investors. The individual and interactive effect of the demographic variable along with the key variable (risk tolerance) in manipulating the effects over the dependent variables (ESG) in the key concept of discussion in this research. The research was conducted through a structured questionnaire among the investors in Chennai region of Tamilnadu (India). Data was analyzed through SPSS and the tool used to explain the purpose of the research was MANOVA. RESULTS: All the three demographic variables considered in the research had a significant influence over the risk tolerance of the investors in manipulating the considerations over the ESG factors. CONCLUSION: All the three demographic variables considered in the research had a significant influence over the risk tolerance of the investors in manipulating the considerations over the ESG factors.

An investigation on agricultural wastes as soil stabilizers

The primary purpose of our study is to boost the compressive strength of expansive soil in the Chennai region by incorporating BAGASSE ASH and RICE STRAW ASH as additives to increase the soil's stability and decrease its swelling. This will enable us to reach our primary goal of boosting the compressive strength of expanding soil in the region. One of our objectives was to increase the compressive strength of expansive soil, and this will assist us achieve that objective. A series of distinct experiments are conducted, with each utilising a different section of the expanding soil. Expansive soil is considered a potential natural hazard since it can cause considerable damage to buildings and other structures if not treated appropriately. If this issue is not resolved, there is a greater chance that damage will occur. Lime, fly ash, rice husk ash, corn stalk ash, and various other forms of ash were among the numerous components utilised in the stabilisation of the soil. Other constituents were maize stalk ash, rice husk ash, and further forms of ash. The percentages of BA and SA in the soil sample utilised for the experiment were 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. These numbers were utilised during the study. The primary objective of this project is to conduct a comparative analysis of BA and SA to assess their combined strength with a soil sample. This will be accomplished by contrasting and comparing the outcomes of various analyses. When varying amounts of BA and SA were added to the mixture, the tests revealed that both the maximum dry density and the optimal moisture content increased. This was the case regardless of the BA and SA amounts utilised. It is proved that the soil condition would improve if the optimal mixture of 2% BA and 1% SA were applied. This suggests that the SA is capable of achieving a higher level of stability than the BA. According to the findings of this study, it is possible that it may be utilised effectively for the purpose of soil stabilisation, and as a consequence, both the desired level of quality and the desired level of economy might be attained.

New record of the species Delias descombesi boisduval, 1836 (Lapidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae) from floodplain of Bihar

In the present manuscript, a new species of genus Delias, Swainson, 1820, i.e., D. descombesi, Boisduval, 1836 are reported for the first time from Bihar, India. Earlier, D. descombesi was reported from Sikkim, Arunachal, Tripura, Assam, West Bengal, and Chennai region of India.

Thermal Performance Assessment of Envelope Retrofits for Existing School Buildings in a Hot–Humid Climate: A Case Study in Chennai, India

This study aims to propose building envelope retrofit packages for existing naturally ventilated school buildings in the hot–humid climatic region of Chennai, India. Indoor thermal parameters were collected through field studies from nine sample classrooms of a selected school building in May 2019, between 9.00 am and 4.00 pm. The thermal performance assessment of the existing building was performed by examining the discomfort hours using the CBE thermal comfort tool. Envelope retrofit strategies gathered from the literature and building standards were applied and studied through simulation. The findings reveal the enormous potential to increase the thermal comfort of existing school buildings through envelope retrofit measures. The results demonstrate that the whole-building temperature can be reduced up to 3.2 °C in summer and up to 3.4 °C in winter. Implementing retrofit measures to the building envelopes of existing buildings will help school owners to increase the comfortable hours of whole buildings by up to 17%. In comparison, annual energy savings of up to 13% for the whole building can be made by enhancing the thermal performance of the building envelope. The findings will also help architects to optimise thermal performance and energy usage with minimal interventions.

Pollution Assessment with Respect to Five Heavy Metals in Urban Soils of the Greater Chennai Region, Southeast Coast of India

Pollution Assessment with Respect to Five Heavy Metals in Urban Soils of the Greater Chennai Region, Southeast Coast of India

E-recruitment strategies for effective recruitment: perception of recruiters in Chennai region

This study has examined the effectiveness of the internet as a source of recruitment. As a result, e-recruitment provides effectiveness in the hiring process by reducing costs and time. The outcome of the research indicates the idea of implementing and developing an organization's website to enable the e-recruitment system. The results have shown that the qualified employees generated from the e-recruitment system are more effective than other recruitment sources. Furthermore, the e-recruitment system has an impact on the applicant's decision to apply for the job, and the website presents the organization's environment and the job's nature. The objective of the research is to study the perceptions of recruiters towards e-recruitment strategies for effective recruitment in the Chennai region, Tamil Nadu, India. The study has been carried out with a descriptive research design. Primary data collection was done by the researcher from 120 recruiters across the Chennai region who are working for various companies. The data for the work has been collected through a well-structured questionnaire prepared and circulated. The data collected has been properly cleansed, coded, and analyzed using SPSS software. The overall results from the study support the need for the Human Resources Department to develop an e-recruitment system and implement a new recruitment strategy to achieve the organization's goals more effectively.

Effect of Fines on Strength of Granular Soil Reinforced with Geosynthetics

Geosynthetics (GSN) are polymeric products used in Geotechnical Engineering for the purpose of improving the properties of the insitu soil. In this project, experimental work was carried out to determine the influence of presence of fines within granular soil on the CBR strength of soil reinforced with different GSN (Woven geotextile, Non-woven geotextile, Geogrid and Geonet). Two types of granular soil in disturbed state containing varying percentage of fines were selected from in and around the Chennai region. Soil type 1 contains high fines of about 40% (SHF) whereas soil type 2 contains less fines of about 7% (SLF). Unsoaked CBR (U-CBR) test was carried on unreinforced soil and on soil reinforced with different GSN placed at varying depths of D/5, 2D/5, 3D/5 and 4D/5 from top of soil (D is the total depth of soil), to determine the ideal depth of placement of GSN within SHF and SLF. Soaked CBR (S-CBR) test was carried on unreinforced soil and on soil reinforced with different GSN placed at an ideal depth determined from U-CBR test. Based on the experimental results, ideal depth of placement of GSN for SHF and SLF was found to be D/5 and 3D/5 respectively from top of the soil and Geogrid was found to be the best geosynthetic for reinforcing the granular soil containing high fines and less fines.

Study of different hydrographic variables at Ennore and Chennai fisheries harbour region of Chennai, India

The knowledge of hydrographic variables is very important in determining the abundant availability of fishes in a particular region. The study site selected includes an industrially polluted area, Ennore and Chennai fisheries harbour region. The hydrographic variables selected for study includes temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, b and c, primary productivity, gross and net and the nutrients, phosphate, ammonia and nitrate. The important hydrographic variables and its effect on the region and that influence the fish abundance throughout the year are discussed. At Ennore, the salinity level was maximum during the month of July, 37.00 ppt at a lowest temperature of 27.00 °C and at a highest temperature of 31.00 °C in the month of Sept’09, the salinity level was 32.00 ppt. At Chennai fisheries harbour, the lowest temperature recorded was 26.40 ºC at Jan’09 and the highest temperature was 30.0 ºC at April’09, lowest salinity level was 26.80 ppt at Feb’09 and highest salinity level was 38.50 ppt at July’09. The variations among months and from 2 different locations viz. Ennore and Chennai Fisheries harbour were studied during the entire year. The interaction effects between the two locations were also studied. Temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, b and c primary productivity, gross and net are non significant p0.05 at Ennore and at Chennai Fisheries harbour location. The response optimization of the different hydrographic variables viz. temperature, 28.14 °C, salinity, 30.80 ppt, pH, 6.37, dissolved oxygen, 3.12 ml/l, and total soluble solids, 0.40 mg/l for a predicted response of chlorophyll a of 3.35mg/m3 at Ennore and at Chennai Fisheries harbour region the hydrographic variables viz. temperature, 30.00 °C, salinity, 26.80 ppt, pH, 6.38 dissolved oxygen, 2.86 ml/l and total soluble solids of 0.40 mg/l for a predicted chlorophyll a response of 1.88mg/m3 were worked out.

Customers Preference towards Real Estate Industry with Reference to Chennai Region

In the residential constructional zone, Indian real estate has been a mixed bag of growth and decline. Population expansion and migration from rural to urban areas have significantly altered the outlook for real estate in metropolitan and surrounding areas. Keeping in mind the objectives and the fact that all the respondents for the study were educated, structured questionnaire is used for data collection. The survey reveals consumer understanding of laws and regulations of RERA Act 2016, the motivations behind purchases, the brands they would pick, and the connection between income and investment budget.

Unravelling the causes of 2015 winter monsoon extreme rainfall and floods over Chennai: Influence of atmospheric variability and urbanization on the hydrological cycle

The present study investigates the causes of extreme precipitation events over the coastal Chennai city in India during the winter monsoon season of 2015. Our investigation reveals that atmospheric and anthropogenic variability influenced the hydrological cycle in producing the Chennai floods. Atmospheric perspective linked the extreme rainfall to the natural variability over tropics in the form of convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs). This finding is entirely new compared to Chennai floods' earlier attribution to Bay of Bengal warming and El Nino related easterly bursts. Along with the natural atmospheric variability, anthropogenic variability due to unprecedented urbanization multiplied the catastrophe scale. A prominent land cover change over the Chennai region was found in 2015 with respect to 1992 land cover and land use classification satellite dataset. A kilometre-scale regional climate simulation clearly demonstrated the urbanization impact on the extreme rainfall over Chennai. Also, we found unprecedented changes in hydrologic conditions like surface discharge of rivers in 2015 over the Adyar basin of Chennai using the Global Flood Awareness System simulated dataset. We revealed a daily mean surface discharge >1000 m 3 s − 1 of rivers at every 100 km 2 area over the Chennai city after the extreme rainfall events.

Influence of earthquake characteristics on natural frequency and period of soil column for different subsoils in the Chennai region

An earthquake is one of the critical natural disasters that causes a massive impact on life and property in the areas it occurs. From the past earthquake patterns, the increase in the number of earthquakes in southern peninsular India can be observed. The increasing number of earthquakes is one of the critical reasons for shifting Chennai from zone II (least active) to zone III (moderately active) by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The soil column's natural frequency and time period are the key parameters for seismic design and construction. Furthermore, compared to shear wave velocity, the fundamental period is a key parameter for site amplification in the recent trend because it accounts for both stiffness and depth of soil sediments. In order to determine the fundamental frequency and typical site period, an equivalent linear 1-D ground response analysis was performed in the Chennai region using ProSHAKE 2.0 software. A contour map was created using ArcGISPro software for the study area's fundamental and characteristic site periods. The longer the soil column's site period, the greater the amplification and the greater the seismic threat. Finally, buildings with a natural period of 0.6 - 1 s should be avoided in the southeastern region of the study area because of the resonance.

Transport of Particulate Matter Due to Meteorological Changes Analyzed by HYSPLIT

The air quality in the urban region varies based on the sources of air pollution from regions near and far. Any pollution produced in the urban region affects the locality near the pollution source and also adjacent distant regions. The study of the interaction between the local weather patterns of a region and the pollutants in the air is needed for air quality management. It is explicit that Chennai city has a high level of air pollution. But the unavailability of the relevant data on the air pollution sources makes the management difficult. If the data on air pollution in the region of Chennai is known, it will be helpful to provide control measures. Between January 2017 and December 2017, the particulate matter below the size of 2.5 micron (PM2.5) was assessed. It was quite concentrated in the metropolitan city of Chennai situated at the shores of the Bay of Bengal. This assessment is to study the transport phenomenon and expansion of the pollutant particles initially emanating from Chennai. This occurs mainly due to the westerly winds originating in the Bay of Bengal. The time duration of the analysis showed an average PM2.5 concentration of 63.524 � 18.942 �g/m3. This far exceeds the regulations of the World Health Organization (WHO). Various regions of the country as affected by different distant sources of pollution in and around Chennai were evaluated by the trajectory modeling. The pollution in the regions of the vicinity is assessed using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Approach (HYSPLIT) software. The method and results are fruitful for similar estimates elsewhere.