Chemotherapy Research Articles

An injectable dual-layer chitosan-alginate nano-hydrogel incorporated Cu(I)-isopolymolybdate-based metal-organic framework tailored for three-in-one anti-cancer nanotherapy

Designing potential agents and constructing hydrophilic nano-hydrogel platforms for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, especially for polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks (PMOF), present both great desirability and significant challenges. A unique open porous Cu(I)-isopolymolybdate-based metal-organic framework (CCUT) has been self-assembled through ionothermal processes for in vivo synergistic anti-cancer therapy. The periodicity of Drugs@CCUT-1 (nano-crystals of CCUT after cation exchange and anti-cancer drugs upload) has been investigated by synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering, confirming the lattice structure unchanged. To mitigate toxicity, enhance stimuli-responsive drug delivery, hydrophilicity, and biocompatibility, an injectable dual-layer chitosan//alginate-based nano-hydrogel is developed to incorporate Drugs@CCUT-1. Potential interactions between the chitosan layer and the surface of CCUT-1 have been analyzed by Density Functional Theory (DFT). Furthermore, the nanoparticles Drugs@CCUT-1@Gel exhibit efficient type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) within the bio-window, effectively eradicating tumors in deep tissue. CCUT-1 generates a substantial amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stimulating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and resulting in the expression of phase II enzymes, typically HO-1. CCUT-1@Gel not only demonstrates high capacity for anti-cancer drug upload and release, but also exhibits strong synergistic CDT/PDT in vivo anti-tumor efficacy. Hence, CCUT-1@Gel represents a promising in vivo nano-platform for synergistic chemotherapy (CT)/CDT/PDT three-in-one anti-cancer approach.

LOXL1 promotes gastric cancer progression by β-catenin-cyclinD mediated proliferation.

Although much progress has been made in chemotherapy or target therapy for advanced gastric cancer, the prognosis is still poor. It is necessary to screen biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction. However, the prognostic value of LOX family in gastric cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms for promoting the progression of gastric cancer remains unclear. Among five members of LOX family, LOXL1 was the unique independent prognostic risk factor. The nomogram established based on the expression of LOXL1 and other clinical parameters could predict the overall survival rate of gastric cancer. Knockdown (KD) of LOXL1 decreased cell proliferation and led to G1 phase arrest in gastric cells. According to GSEA analysis that LOXL1 was positively correlated with the WNT signaling pathway, in vitro experiment proved that LOXL1-KD reduced the phosphorylation level of β-catenin and the expression of the downstream G1 phase checkpoint CCND1.In Conclusion, LOXL1 has been identified as a potential risk prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer by promoting gastric cancer proliferation via WNT/β-catenin/cyclinD1 pathway.

P270 Real-world experience of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer at a university center: Role of nodal yield and prognostic value of pathological response and nutritional index

P270 Real-world experience of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer at a university center: Role of nodal yield and prognostic value of pathological response and nutritional index

Overall survival with camrelizumab plus famitinib versus camrelizumab alone and investigator's choice of chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer

Overall survival with camrelizumab plus famitinib versus camrelizumab alone and investigator's choice of chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer

P280 Prognostic value of HALP score, Prognostic Nutritional Index, neutrophil and plateletto- lymphocyte ratios in pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer

P280 Prognostic value of HALP score, Prognostic Nutritional Index, neutrophil and plateletto- lymphocyte ratios in pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer

P011 Evaluation of oral nano-silymarin formulation efficacy as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer

P011 Evaluation of oral nano-silymarin formulation efficacy as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer

P266 Impact of histological variants on the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer

P266 Impact of histological variants on the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer

Impact of Pre-operative Lymphocyte and Albumin Combination on Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer.

Cancer-associated systemic inflammatory response is a pivotal indicator of tumor progression and prognosis in various cancers. "Lymphocyte × albumin (LA)" is a prognostic inflammatory marker in rectal cancer. This study examined the correlation between LA, complete adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC) who underwent radical gastrectomy. We retrospectively evaluated 108 patients with stage II/III GC who underwent radical gastrectomy at our institute between January 2015 and December 2021. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Factors associated with complete ACT were identified using logistic regression analysis. Of the 108 patients with GC, 60 (55.6%) and 41 (38.0%) initiated and completed ACT, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the pre-operative LA was an independent factor for complete ACT [hazard ratio (HR)=0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.121-0.995; p=0.049]. In addition, age, pre-operative creatinine clearance, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, modified Glasgow prognostic score, and poor overall survival were significantly associated with low LA (<7,474). LA was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in univariate analysis (HR=2.29, 95%CI=1.020-5.145; p=0.045) but not in multivariate analysis (HR=2.00, 95%CI=0.882-4.552; p=0.097). Pre-operative LA is a useful marker for predicting complete ACT and prognosis of patients with GC following radical gastrectomy.

Fragmented care, Commission on Cancer Accreditation and Overall Survival in Patients Receiving Surgery and Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer

Patients may receive their adjuvant therapy at a facility different than where they had their lung cancer operation. Whether this fragmentation of care affects outcomes is unclear. We used the National Cancer Database to identify lung cancer patients undergoing resection and adjuvant chemotherapy from 2006-2020. We stratified patients into those receiving fragmented care or not, and further divided fragmented care patients by the Commission on Cancer (CoC) accreditation status of the hospital. Fragmented care refers to patients receiving surgery and chemotherapy at different institutions. These institutions can be either CoC accredited or not. The main outcome was overall survival. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimate survival and multivariable and Cox proportional models to identify associations. Of 65,369 patients, 32,494(49.7%) had fragmented care, with the majority(70.4%) receiving their chemotherapy at a non-CoC accredited facility. Factors associated with fragmented care were white(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.34;p<0.001), lower comorbidity index(aOR=1.11;p<0.001), having a private insurance(aOR=1.11;p<0.001), and a higher median income(aOR=1.24;p<0.001). Fragmented care was associated with worse overall survival(Median survival=60vs65 months;p<0.001) compared to single center care. When care was fragmented, receiving adjuvant chemotherapy at CoC accredited centers had higher 5-year overall survival rates compared to those fragmented care at non-CoC centers(Median survival=71vs55 months;p<0.001). The majority of lung cancer patients have their care fragmented to non-CoC accredited centers and this is associated with worse outcomes. Regionalization, achieving CoC accreditation, or improved patient access may be necessary to allow select patients to receive closer care while maintaining outcomes.

Cancer center case volume is associated with differences in the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer

Cancer center case volume is associated with differences in the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer

The Efficacy and Safety of Folate Receptor α-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate Therapy in Patients With High-Grade Epithelial Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal, or Fallopian Tube Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have emerged as a highly promising systemic option in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the treatment efficacy of folate receptor α (FRα)-targeting ADCs, associated treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), and their impact on treatment safety. We conducted an electronic search to identify prospective trials of single-agent ADCs targeting FRα and those combined with chemotherapy in recurrent ovarian cancer. Information regarding the objective response rate (ORR) and TRAEs was collectively analyzed, and differences in subgroups based on FRα receptor expression levels were investigated. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023491151). Ten studies with a total of 940 patients (859 treated with Mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx (MIRV)), 45 with Farletuzumab Ecteribulin (MORAb-202), and 36 with Luveltamab Tazevibulin (STRO-002) were included in this meta-analysis. Based on the pooled data, the ORR of the entire cohort was 37% (95% CI: 0.30-0.43), while that of the high-FRα expression group was 34% (95% CI: 0.26-0.42). The incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse events was 27% (95% CI: 0.19-0.36). FRα-targeting ADCs, including MIRV, demonstrated definite efficacy and good safety as novel choices for second-line and beyond treatment of advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer. Patients with high FRα expression showed ORR and PFS benefits similar to those in the overall cohort.

Precision Meets Repurposing: Innovative Approaches in Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr Virus-Driven Cancer Therapy

Viral malignancies represent a distinct entity among cancers. Oncoviruses like the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) are highly potent inducers of oncogenic transformation leading to tumor development. HPV and EBV are known to be increasingly involved in the pathogenesis of various classes of cancers like cervical, head and neck, colorectal, breast, oral and anogenitial. Therapeutic vaccines directed at such oncoviruses, often fail to unleash the desired immune response against the tumor. This is largely due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the virus-induced tumors. Consequently, metronomic chemotherapies administered in conjunction with therapeutic viral vaccines have considerably enhanced the antitumor activity of these vaccines. Moreover, given the unique attributes of HPV and EBV-associated cancers, therapeutic agents directly targeting the oncoproteins of these viruses are still obscure. In this light, an increasing number of reports have evidenced the repurposing of drugs for therapeutic benefits in such cancers. This work delineates the significance and implications of metronomic chemotherapy and drug repurposing in HPV and EBV-associated cancers.

Circ_0006089 facilitates gastric cancer progression and oxaliplatin resistance via miR-217/NRP1

BackgroundOxaliplatin (OXA) is a vital tool in the chemotherapy of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs that have been associated with tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the function of circRNAs in OXA resistance of GC is unknown. MethodsCirc_0006089/miR-217/NRP1 were elucidated through qRT-PCR in GC OXA-tolerant tissues and cell lines. OXA half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) was quantified by MTT assay. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter tests were applied to characterize the interaction between circ_0006089 and miR-217, miR-217 and NRP1 in GC cells. ResultsThe findings disclosed that circ_0006089 and NRP1 was heightened whereas miR-217 was dramatically declined in OXA-tolerant GC tissues and cell lines. OXA resistance was reduced and the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of OXA cells were diminished after silencing circ_0006089. In addition, circ_0006089 raised OXA resistance by sponging miR-217. Further studies revealed that miR-217 bound to NRP1 and weakened OXA resistance. In addition, it was found that circ_0006089 accelerated GC progression and OXA resistance by upregulating NRP1 expression via sponging miR-217. ConclusionCirc_0006089 regulated OXA resistance in GC cells through miR-217/NRP1 axis, implying it was a promising biomarker for GC therapy.

Development and validation of prognostic model for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with first-line abiraterone or enzalutamide.

IntroductionOver the years, several prognostic models were developed in patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), while data on androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) in a real-world setting are limited. Patients and methodsWe compared a consecutive series of 565 mCRPC patients receiving first-line ARSI at four high-volume Italian Centers (development set) to an external series of 180 patients receiving the same treatment at another Italian high-volume Center (training set), between 2011 and 2022.Sixteen clinical and baseline laboratory variables were selected to develop a prognostic model. Patients were categorized into risk groups according to the number of independent factors positively associated with overall survival (OS). ResultsIn the development cohort, after a median follow-up of 21.1 months, the median OS was 30.4 months (95% CI 27.5-33.4). At the multivariate analysis, seven variables [age, prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling time, baseline levels of hemoglobin, PSA, time to castration resistance, ECOG PS and bone metastases number) were included into the final model.The median OS was 13.4, 25.7 and 46.4 months in poor (0-2 factors), intermediate (3-4 factors) and good (≥5 factors) prognosis group, respectively.The application of the model to the validation set confirmed its ability to prognosticate for OS. The model c-indexes were 0.68 (95% CI 0.64-0.72) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.68–0.81) in the development and validation cohort, respectively. ConclusionsOur model, based on clinical and laboratory variables readily assessable in clinical practice, might prognosticate the OS of mCRPC patients receiving first-line ARSI. Micro AbstractA retrospective study comparing a development to a validation cohort of mCRPC patients receiving ARSI found a new prognostic model. It included seven clinical and baseline laboratory variables and confirmed its ability to prognosticate for OS.

BEATcc (ENGOT-CX10/GEICO 68-C/JGOG-1084/GOG-3030): A randomized phase III trial of first-line atezolizumab with bevacizumab and platinum-based chemotherapy for metastatic (stage IVB), persistent, or recurrent cervical cancer

BEATcc (ENGOT-CX10/GEICO 68-C/JGOG-1084/GOG-3030): A randomized phase III trial of first-line atezolizumab with bevacizumab and platinum-based chemotherapy for metastatic (stage IVB), persistent, or recurrent cervical cancer

Evaluating the Impact of a Clinical Pharmacist in Patients Receiving New Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Analysis of a Pilot Study

Purpose: Breast cancer treatment may include chemotherapy, which is associated with significant toxicities. At the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health, a pilot program was developed to add an oncology clinical pharmacist to the breast cancer clinic. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the clinical pharmacist in supportive care management, add to existing literature discussing the impact of the clinical pharmacist in ambulatory oncology settings, and justify future, permanent ambulatory oncology pharmacist positions within the institution. Methods: This single-center retrospective chart review assesses interventions made by the clinical pharmacist in patients with any stage of breast cancer who presented to the breast clinic for new chemotherapy treatment between September 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021. The primary outcome was to describe clinical pharmacist interventions at the first follow-up encounter after chemotherapy initiation. Secondary outcomes included classifying and quantifying total interventions and comparing intervention details between total and included patients within the 6-month timeframe. Results: Of 44 included patients, 29 had a follow-up encounter. The clinical pharmacist directly managed 33% of the 58 patient-reported adverse drug effects. In 6 months, the clinical pharmacist made 1,068 interventions spanning 189.6 documented hours. The most common interventions were coordination of care, education, and supportive care pharmacotherapy interventions. Conclusion: This study identified the pharmacist’s role in supportive care management and reports the successful integration of a clinical pharmacist into a breast cancer clinic. Future directions include conducting prospective studies to further explore the impact of the clinical pharmacist on treatment outcomes.

High‐Load Core@Shell Nanocarriers with Irinotecan and 5‐Fluorouracil for Combination Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer

High‐Load Core@Shell Nanocarriers with Irinotecan and 5‐Fluorouracil for Combination Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer

Understanding the patient-spouse communication experience during chemotherapy for gastric cancer: A qualitative study

Purpose This study examines how patients with gastric cancer and their spouses communicate about the illness, assessing the impact of positive or negative communication on their psychological adaptation and the intimacy of their relationship as a couple. Method Employing The Relationship Intimacy Model of Couple Adaptation to Cancer, this study used purposive sampling with the principle of maximum variation to select participants. Sixteen pairs of patients with gastric cancer and their spouse caregivers, hospitalized in the oncology department of a tertiary hospital in Jingjiang City, Jiangsu Province, from March to July 2023, were chosen for semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The recorded data were transcribed within 24 h following each interview and supplemented with field notes. Directed content analysis was employed for the qualitative content analysis. Results The interview data revealed three themes and six subthemes. Theme 1: The impact of negative patient-spouse communication, with the subthemes being (i) a decline in couples’ relationship intimacy and (ii) reduced psychological adaptation. Theme 2: The impact of positive patient-spouse communication, with the subthemes being (i) enhanced couples’ relationship intimacy and (ii) increased psychological adaptation. Theme 3: The impact of protective concealment, with the subthemes being (i) declined couples’ relationship intimacy and psychological adaptation, and (ii) increased couples’ relationship intimacy and psychological adaptation. Throughout the chemotherapy period, patients with gastric cancer and their spouses experienced both positive and negative forms of patient-spouse communication. This underscores the significance of acknowledging protective concealment within couples. Moreover, the study highlights how the dynamics of couples’ relationship intimacy and psychological adaptation are influenced by both positive and negative communication patterns surrounding the illness. Conclusions For patients with gastric cancer and their spouses, it is crucial for nurses to emphasize the importance of spousal disease communication during chemotherapy. Efforts should be made to mitigate one-sided, conflictual communication and avoidance behaviors, and to adopt appropriate communication strategies in terms of content and timing to deeply promote couple communication. Additionally, there is a need to focus on the physical and psychological stress of protective concealment in couples.

Overall survival with camrelizumab plus famitinib versus camrelizumab alone and investigator's choice of chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer

Overall survival with camrelizumab plus famitinib versus camrelizumab alone and investigator's choice of chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer

Ninety-day readmissions after cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer

Ninety-day readmissions after cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer