Topics In Chemistry Research Articles

Advance Organisers and Secondary School Students’ Performance in Redox Reactions

Students’ performance in chemistry examinations in Nigerian secondary schools is consistently low. Factors attributed to students' low performance include students' interest in the subject, abstract and complex nature of the concepts, and dominant use of teacher-centered methods. Thus, the need for a novel strategy that has the potential to improve students' interest and present chemistry concepts more explicitly. This study aimed to examine the use of a method that incorporated advance organizers in teaching the redox reaction concept at the secondary school level. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test control groups. The study targeted a population of 11,560 secondary school students in the Dutsin-Ma Educational zone, from which a sample of 138 form five science students were selected using a stratified sampling technique and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Data was collected using Redox Reaction Performance Test (RRPT) before and after the treatment that lasted eight weeks. The data was analyzed using means, standard deviations, and t-tests. Findings show that the method incorporated with advance organizers significantly affects the learning of redox reactions. Students in the experimental group achieved higher scores than those in the control group and there was no significant difference in performance between male and female in the experimental group. Thus, chemistry teachers and other stakeholders in science education were encouraged to adopt and strengthen the use of advance organizers in teaching science subjects in general and chemistry in particular.

The Effect of Argumentation-Based Organic Chemistry Teaching on Students’ Argument Construction Skills

Some students could not learn organic chemistry because of the difficulty of its submicroscopic nature. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of argumentation-based organic chemistry teaching on high school students’ argument construction skills so on their meaningful concept learning. The study was conducted on 14 high school students at a vocational high school in Turkey on organic chemistry topics through 28 hours period based on the case study. The teaching guide’s worksheets and students’ observation notes were used as data collection tools. Through the application process, the students criticized each of the seven submicroscopic nature of organic chemistry concepts’ paintings in big group discussions, then constructed their own arguments. Then the students evaluated the whole process. Content analysis was employed for the data analysis. Argumentation making students criticize the submicroscopic nature of organic chemistry resulted in a qualified student-constructed argument by making them understand the submicroscopic nature so become critical thinkers. Students’ process evaluation also underlined that the process made students joyful, motivated, creative, criticizer, and meaningful learners with a differently constructed learning environment. For further studies, different argumentation-based organic chemistry teaching environments could be offered.
 Anahtar Kelimeler
 Chemistry teaching, submicroscopic nature of chemistry, argumentation, critical thinking

Influence of macromedia flash based on computer animation media to improving student learning outcomes in the Haloalkane sub-discussion

During learning students face difficulties in understanding abstract chemistry topics. Currently there is no appropriate media to be applied in the learning process in order to increase students' abilities. Therefore, a study was conducted using macromedia flash based on computer animation to improve learning outcomes in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 2 Medan Model schools in the Haloalkana sub discussion. This study aims to determine the effect of macromedia flash based on computer animation media on student learning outcomes in the haloalkane sub-discussion and to determine the correlation between the responses given by students to macromedia flash based on computer animation media in the haloalkane sub-discussion. The population of these two samples was taken using random sampling technique, namely class XII IPA 9 as the experimental class and class XII IPA 10 as the control class. The type of this research is quasi-experimental using the pretest and posttest models. Data collection was carried out using multiple choice instruments and response questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was an increase in student learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class after the implementation of computer animation-based macromedia flash in the Haloalkana sub-discussion at MAN 2 Model Medan and there was a relationship between the responses given by students to computer animation based macromedia flash media in improvement of learning outcomes.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING HYBRIDISATION IN CHEMISTRY

The concept of hybridisation is one of the most difficult concepts for chemistry students to grasp at all levels of learning. Research showed the students conceptual difficulty ranged from their lack of the pre-requisite knowledge for grasping the topic hybridisation to chemical bond formation and orientations of atomic orbitals. This study investigated the difficulties Senior High School Students face in learning hybridisation. The study adopted a mixed-method approach using the sequential exploratory design. Purposive sampling was used to select six schools that offer elective chemistry subject. Simple random sampling was then used to select 120 Senior High School form 1 students to take part in the study. Convenient sampling was used to interview 24 students from the sample. Hybridisation Achievement Test (HAT) and Semi-structured interviews were self-constructed and used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and Content analysis were used to analyse the data. Results showed that, majority of students had difficulties in explaining the concept of hybrid orbitals, writing the electron configuration of 6C, explaining the effect of hybridisation on formation of chemical bonds in 6C, and type of hybridisation and shapes of compounds such as NH3, OF2, BCl3, CO2, SiO2, C2H2, BeF¬2 and C2H4. The study also showed that students had difficulties in explaining and demonstrating the formation of C = C double bond in ethene and other compounds. Equally students were challenged in demonstrating the differences between the formation of sigma and pi bonds in compounds. Students had difficulties in using electron orbital diagrams to explain the shape of CO2 as linear. The study concluded that Senior High School form 1 chemistry students in the Upper West Region of Ghana lacked the most basic and fundamental concept of hybridisation. Teachers need to use conceptual change instructional approaches to teach hybridisation in order to foster students’ understanding and reduce misconceptions. Keywords: atomic orbitals; hybrid orbitals; hybridisation; mixed- method approach; sigma and pi-bonds;

Pengembangan Video Gaya Antarmolekul Berbasis Multipel Representasi untuk Mengatasi Miskonsepsi

Intermolecular forces are one of the topics in basic chemistry. Intermolecular forces consist of abstract concepts that require multiple representations (macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic) to visualize those concepts. Moreover, the multiple representations are needed to help students understand the abstract concepts of intermolecular forces. Multiple representations were presented as pictures, diagrams, and animation in the videos. The aims of this research are to develop a video of intermolecular forces based on multiple representations and to determine the level of validity and student’s responses to the video. This study employs the 4D method formulated by Thiagarajan which consist of 4 stages. However, this study only adopted 3 stages; define (to know the problem), design (manufacture of product to solve the problem), and development (to determine the level of validity and student responses). The instruments used in this study were the validity and the response questionnaires. Data collected were then analyzed using the percentage criteria proposed by Riduwan. The video provides the conceps and real-life example of the London forces and hydrogen bonding. Video validation shows the level of subject matter validity is 95,38%, media validity is 98,89%, and language validity is 91,11%, where all the aspects were very valid criteria. Every aspect is validated by 3 experts. Student responses on a limited scale by 7 students show a percentage of 87,8% and a large scale by 20 students of 88,9% with very good criteria. Based on the result, the video can be used in the study of intermolecular forces

Organisation of Independent Cognitive Activity of Students of a Specialised School in a Chemistry Subject Based on the Project Method

The relevance of the study is determined as follows: insufficient attention to the educational and research activities of students in the process of learning various disciplines, in particular, chemistry; weak implementation of the potential of scientific disciplines for the educational and research activities of high school students; the need to develop the technology of creating educational research environment for secondary school students studying STEM subjects. In the conditions of constant development of science and technology, computerisation of society, integration of education and science, the requirements for graduates increase: with sufficient theoretical knowledge, it is necessary to be able to apply them in various life situations, predict possible consequences of decisions made, demonstrate social activity, interest in scientific problems and initiatives. The purpose of the study is to develop, theoretically substantiate, and experimentally test the content and pedagogical conditions of educational activities of high school students in chemistry classes. As a research method, a systematic approach was used when considering the phenomena of current chemistry teaching in the context of modern education, and a method of comparing chemistry teaching in Kazakhstan and other countries. The result of the study was the concept of a project method, which is based on a focus on the result that can be obtained when solving a specific practical or theoretically significant problem. To achieve such a result, it is necessary to teach children or adults to think independently, find and solve problems, acquire knowledge from various fields, be able to predict the results and possible consequences of various decisions, and be able to determine the causes, relationships, and consequences. It was concluded that the use of the project method increases motivation, develops creative abilities, personal qualities, and improves the learning material and knowledge of basic research methods.

Project-Based Learning: Chemistry Students’ Role in Fostering the Society in Recycling the Waste Cooking Oil

Project-based learning has been used globally as one of the effective methods to evaluate student performance in achieving the learning outcome of the chemistry subject. It became one of the priorities in implementing the new policy, Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MB-KM) from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology in Indonesia. The student at the university level can join a project-based learning program conducted outside the classroom and supervised by the Project supervisor. We proposed the project-based learning program to maximize the chemistry students’ role in solving the waste cooking oil in society. The purpose of this program was to introduce the chemistry student to the real problem in the society and allow the dissemination of their innovative idea. The information prevailed from observing the activity, interviewing the students, and evaluating the student's performance. This project-based learning presented that students accomplish the information and knowledge they gain from the classroom into actions to solve the real problem in society. Keywords: project-based learning, Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MB-KM), waste cooking oil, chemistry students’ role

Evaluation of proposed General Chemistry learning modules by experts and teachers

This research endeavored to assess developed and validated a proposed learning module in General Chemistry during the Second Semester, Academic Year 2021-2022 in public secondary schools in Bulacan, Philippines. Teachers play an essential role in validating and evaluation of instructional materials. As facilitators of learning, they must ensure that instructional materials serve their purpose of upholding an effective teaching and learning process. The study aimed to evaluate the proposed Grade 12 General Chemistry learning modules as perceived by Chemistry Experts and Science Teachers in the 12 public secondary schools offering STEM strand in the Division of Bulacan, Philippines. The modules are evaluated based on :(1) content, (2) format, (3) presentation and organization, (4) learning activities, (5) evaluation activities and (6) accuracy and up-to-datedness of information. The demographic profile of 11 Chemistry experts showed that the majority are female, BSED graduates in Physical Science with a doctoral degree in Development Education and 1-12 years teaching General Chemistry subject. Grade 12 Chemistry teachers are mostly females who have bachelor’s degree in Physical Sciences, with master’s units and 1-5 years of teaching Grade 12 General Chemistry in the K to 12 Curriculum. Chemistry experts and science teachers assessed the five modules using descriptive survey method employing quantitative analysis. They both evaluated the proposed learning modules satisfactory in the six dimensions. They did, however, make several suggestions for improving the proposed learning module.

A flipped classroom experience in the context of a pandemic: Cooperative learning as a strategy for meaningful student learning

Through an initial documentary analysis of the flipped classroom in the context of a pandemic and of the new pedagogical models based on active methodologies or pedagogies and cooperative learning, the experience presented below is part of an innovation project based on the design of cooperative activities focused on students to enhance their meaningful learning and with the aim of improving their satisfaction and motivation and thus, as a consequence, their academic performance. For the evaluation of this experience, in which 29 students from the theoretical-experimental subject of General Chemistry participated from the Technological Bases Engineering training plan of the Universidad Católica del Norte, three data collection instruments were administered based on the use of the questionnaire and the interview with the students during and at the end of the experience. The main results show high acceptance and satisfaction with the design of the innovation; an improvement in the development of teamwork competence; and a significant impact of the active methodologies and cooperative learning strategies implemented in increasing the academic performance of students.

Analisis Persepsi Siswa terhadap Penggunaan Aplikasi Quizizz pada Materi Hidrokarbon

Quizizz online learning application is one of the most widely used learning evaluation applications, especially during the covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze students' perceptions of the use of Quizizz in chemistry subjects with Hydrocarbons Material. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach at Madrasah Aliyah Nurul Wathan Pasar Kembang. 36 students were selected by purposive sampling, the data were collected using a questionnaire technique, while the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the data analysis showed that students (89%) had a very good perception of the use of Quizizz in chemistry subjects with Hydrocarbon Materials.

The Effectiveness of Task-Based Learning strategy in the Academic Achievement by Soran University Students in the Subject of Chemistry and Developing their Prospective Thinking Skills

The research aims to investigate the impact of Task-Based Learning (TBL) strategy on the student's academic achievement and develop the prospective thinking skills of the students in the (3rd) stage of the General Science Department. This research is experimental, and the research population consisted of (48) students that are randomly divided into two equivalent groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group consisted of (24) students who were taught lessons depending on Task-Based Learning, while the control group students were taught lessons depending on the traditional method and consisted of (24) students. Two tools were prepared to identify the research aims, the first one was the academic achievement test which consisted of (25) items, and the researcher found all psychometric characteristics for the test. The second tool was the prospective thinking skills scale consisted of (40) items. The pre and post-tests were conducted and the results showed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group in academic achievement. Moreover, the students’ prospective thinking skills in the experimental group developed by using the (TBL) strategy.

Interactive Laboratories for Science Education: A Subjective Study and Systematic Literature Review

In science education laboratory experimentation has a vital role for students’ learning enhancement. Keeping in view the importance of modern day technologies in teaching learning process, various interactive laboratories (ISLs) have been developed to assist students in hands-on experiments in science education. In this paper we describe the potential contributions of existing interactive science laboratories (ISLs) in the major subjects of science, i.e., chemistry, biology and physics. The existing ISLs include virtual labs and simulation software where users performed their experiments. Important problems and challenges in the existing ISLs are highlighted. The systematic literature review (SLR) methodology is used for article searching, selection, and quality assessments. For this study, 86 articles after final selection using SLR are selected and classified into different categories. Each article is selected after briefly studying its different information, including category of the article, key idea, evaluation criterion, and its strengths and weaknesses. A subjective study with field experts was also conducted to investigate one of our existing virtual lab about the practical implementation and to find out the key issues in its implementation and use. Then, considering the suggestions of the subjective study, some guidelines are proposed for the improvement of future ISLs.

Pengembangan Asesmen Afektif dan Psikomotor pada Praktikum Kimia Dasar di Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan (STP) Hatta-Sjahrir Banda Naira

The study aims to develop affective and psychomotor assessment tools in basic chemistry practicum which are valid, reliable, and practical. The study refers to ADDIE development model which consists of the analysis phase, design phase, development phase, implementation, and evaluation. The implementation process was conducted for students who program basic chemistry subject at STP Hatta-Sjahrir Banda Naira. By considering the criticisms and suggestions from the validator, it is obtained a valid and usable affective and psychomotor assessment tools. The reliability was obtained after being analyzed with SPSS version 21 Cronbach's Alpha value for the assessment tools which were 0.811 and 0.923. The results of the analysis of the responses of the 4 practicum assistants conducted after the practicum activities were completed and observations made at each practicum meeting showed that the average scores obtained were 69.75 and 3.8. The results showed that the affective and psychomotor assessment tools in basic chemistry practicum were declared as valid, reliable, and practical to be used.

Evaluation of the Causes of Interest Decline in the Subject of Chemistry amongst Secondary and Higher Secondary School Students in Karachi Pakistan

This study aim to determine why high secondary and higher secondary school students are losing their interest in Chemistry. This comparative study polled 450 secondary and higher secondary school students from a private institute of Karachi East. Descriptive analysis was done Using SPSS, result showed that secondary school (grade 10) and higher secondary school (grade 11) students are less interested in chemistry but grade 12 students acted inconsistently. Most students of grade 12 were delighted with grade 11 chemistry's numerical-based themes, while others struggled with equations and IUPAC names in second year. The study began with interviews of first-year students (grade 11), only 10 out of 450 interviewees named chemistry as their favorite subject. Students find chemistry to be a tough subject and not career-related. Personal trait and choice decreased pupils' interest in Chemistry. Students believe that atomic structure, electron location, reaction mechanism, and orbital forms are hypothetical, making it harder to understand. They find experimental chemistry more intriguing because they can see what they are doing. The board syllabus experiments have distinct subjects from the theory syllabus. Audio-visual tools for conceptual learning, trained chemistry teachers, and seminars on "the professional scope of Chemistry courses" might assist improve students' interest in chemistry.

Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Inkuiri Berbasis VAK (Visualisasi, Auditori, Kinestetik) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Kimia Pokok Bahasan Ikatan Kimia Pada Siswa Kelas X (Sepuluh) Jurusan Teknik Kendaraan Ringan Otomotif SMK GKST I Tentena

This study aims to improve learning outcomes of Chemical Bonds Basic Chemistry Subjects and determine the effect of VAK-based inquiry learning methods (Visualization, Auditory, Kinesthetic) on learning outcomes of Chemical Bonds Basic Chemistry Subjects. This research was conducted at SMK GKST I Tentena, Department of Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering (TKRO), in class X (Ten), academic year 2021/2022. The hypothesis of this research is: the use of VAK-based inquiry learning methods can improve student learning outcomes.
 The results of this study clearly indicated that there was a positive and significant effect between the VAK-based inquiry learning method on learning outcomes for chemistry subjects.

Using Systems Maps to Visualize Chemistry Processes: Practitioner and Student Insights

Discussing socio-scientific issues in a secondary chemistry classroom poses a challenge to traditional classroom practice because students and teachers need to think more broadly about chemical processes. Allowing students to create open-ended maps to generate and represent their understanding of socio-scientific issues while also learning chemistry theory can develop Systems Thinking capacity in students. This manuscript presents three vignettes of the classroom use of mapping exercises within separate action research studies, involving diverse school types, curricula, chemistry topics and student groups. The mapping exercises were effective to engage students in the development of Systems Thinking and were readily integrated into different curricula. Sequential student-generated maps for chemical processes illustrate increasing sophistication in their Systems Thinking approaches.

DESAIN DAN UJI COBA HANDOUT DENGAN PENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) BERBASIS GUIDED NOTE TAKING PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI

This research was instigated by the importance of interesting teaching material availability on Chemistry subject. This research aimed at designing an interesting chemistry teaching material for students in order to increase educational quality, then validity test was conducted by the experts of media and material, practicality test was by Chemistry subject teacher, and trial was to the students. In this research, the handout was designed by using Guided Note Taking based Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach on Reaction Rate lesson. The final product was in the form of a valid handout. It was Research and Development (R&D) with Borg and Gall modification model, and it was administered at State Senior High School Plus Riau Province. Interview, questionnaire, and documentation were the techniques of collecting the data. The handout with Guided Note Taking based CTL approach on Reaction Rate lesson developed was tested valid with the percentage 91.72% (very valid), it was tested practical with the percentage 88.33% (very practical), and it got good response to all handout contents with the percentage 93.54% (very good). Based on these findings, it could be concluded that the handout with Guided Note Taking based CTL approach on Reaction Rate lesson was valid and practical, and it got good student response, so it could be done the test on the next step.Keywords : Handout, Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), Guided Note Taking, Reaction Rate

PEDAGOGICAL AND MOTIVATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION IN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES OF UKRAINE: PROBLEMS, EXPERIENCE, PROSPECTS

The purpose of the paper is to consideration of the main motivating factors for ensuring high-quality education of engineers to achieve European standards of higher education based on the analysis of the educational process in the fundamental subject of Chemistry among engineering students at Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute over three years (2019, 2020, 2021). The article analyzes the principles of the educational process in the university, identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the modern system of engineering education, proposes motivational factors to improve the quality of education and identifies the main approaches to the formation and development of necessary professional competencies of graduates. Methodology. To achieve this goal, theoretical and empirical research methods were used: the method of critical analysis of pedagogical and methodological research papers on the issue; analysis of applicable laws of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine and regulations of the education process in the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute; method of scientific observation of the educational process at the Departments were the authors teach subject “Chemistry” (namely, all of departments of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering: Department of Applied Mechanics, Department of Dynamics, Mechanical Engineering and Support Materials , Department of Machine Design, Department of Technology Machine Construction and some of departments of the Institute of Welding and Material Science: Department of Laser Technology, Department of High Temperature Materials and Powder Metallurgy, Department of Welding ). The total number of students who participated in the learning process, the number of attended lectures, consultations, laboratory and practical classes were counted. The percentage of students who successfully passed and passed the course (grade 60% out of 100%), the percentage of students who did not pass the course (grade 60% out of 100%), the percentage of students who regularly and independently completed individual assignments, the percentage of students involved in scientific work, and the ratio of students studying online and offline were determined. Questionnaires were also used for students in these departments regarding motivation to study, examination results, difficulties in learning, and communication with teachers. A total of more than 600 students were surveyed, each of whom gave six sets of answers (2 times for every three years) to the questionnaire. The aim of the article is to analyze the experience of modernization of basic chemical education for students of natural sciences, to identify the motivating factors for improving the quality of education at each level – individual, state, university – and to identify the difficulties and ways to overcome them. Conclusion. Successful engineering and special training in the system of higher technical education should be based on the scientific basis of the corpus of basic natural sciences. Given the relevance of chemistry in today's reality for the creation and implementation of innovative developments and technologies, the relevance of training in environmental and energy management, sustainable development, the relevance of strengthening the chemical component in the educational and professional training programs of bachelors of engineering is obvious.

DESAIN DAN UJI COBA PENUNTUN PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS LEARNING CYCLE FASE 5E PADA MATERI KESETIMBANGAN KIMIA

AbstractThis research is constituted by the available practicum guides that have not been able to develop the ability of students to be active and independent during the learning process in the laboratory. This research aimed at knowing the validity and practicality levels of the Learning Cycle 5E-based practicum guide on Chemical Equilibriumlesson. The research design used was a 4D model which was limited to 3 stages, namely Define, Design, and Develop. This research was administered at State Senior High School 4 Pekanbaru. The subjects of this research were practicum guide media design experts, learning material experts, chemistry subject teachers and teachers at State Senior High School 4 Pekanbaru. The object was Learning Cycle 5E based practicum guide on Chemical Equilibriumlesson. The data were obtained from a questionnaire based on paper. Validity and practicality test questionnaires were the instruments for collecting data. The data obtained were analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the practicum guide developed was tested valid with a percentage of 94% (very valid), and it was tested practical with a percentage of 89% (very practical) on the data, it could be concluded that Learning Cycle 5E based practicum guide on Chemical Equilibrium lesson was valid and practical, So that it could be a teacher teaching material at school. Keywords : Chemical Equilibrium, Learning Cycle 5E, Practicum Guide

Reproduction Rather than Comprehension? Analysis of Gains in Students’ Science Text Comprehension

The use of texts is an indispensable resource for students’ learning, especially in science domains. While developing understanding of a specific topic usually is the main goal of reading expository texts, an important consideration is how to best measure whether this understanding has been reached. In this study, we aimed to analyze gains in students’ reading comprehension based on reading three expository texts on chemistry and physics topics. By means of a pre–post design, we assessed the reading comprehension of 261 eighth grade students with regard to three levels of reading comprehension. Latent change scores were estimated to analyze changes in students’ total test scores, while also calculating difference scores based on the single items. Results indicate that students’ topic-related comprehension increases from pre- to posttest, while gains seem to be limited to word and sentence level questions. In line with other studies, these findings stress that students would benefit from explicit strategy instruction, at least when learning from reading is the goal of using science texts in classrooms.