Chemisorption Fibre Research Articles

Sorption of cadmium ions with chemisorbing polymer fibers

The effect of the structure and functional composition of amine-containing chemisorption fibers based on grafted copolymers on the regularities of cadmium-ion sorption was revealed. The main kinetic and capacity parameters of sorption were determined. The possibility of reaching a high degree of extraction of cadmium ions from low-concentration solutions was shown.

Development of high-efficiency chemisorption filters for water treatment. Part 1

The effect of oxidized PAN fibre on the kinetics of synthesis and hardening of the polymer matrix was investigated. it was shown that synthesis and polymer matrix formation in the structure and on the surface of oxidized PAN fibre take place with a higher initial rate. The effect of fibre fillers on the structure of the ion-exchange matrix was investigated. The possibility of direct regulation of the structural characteristics of the ion-exchange matrix was demonstrated. It was shown that the chemisorbents developed can be used in treatment of waste water to remove heavy metal cations. Oxidized PAN fibre is a promising fibre filler in production of Polikon composite chemisorption fibre materials for treatment of wastewaters.

Diazopyrene derivatives — promising modifiers for production of chemisorption fibre materials

The possibility of using diazopyrene derivatives containing carbonyl and oxime groups as substituents in production of sorption-active fibre filter materials for removing metal ions from wastewaters was demonstrated. A high degree of realization of the sorption properties of the fibre modified with diazopyrene derivatives in sorption of copper ions was established.

Production of Polikon sheet chemisorption fibre filters

The possibility and prospects for manufacturing Polikon sheet composite chemisorption fibre materials are examined. Studies were conducted and the optimum fibre support was selected. The effect of the fibre filler on structuring of the ion-exchange matrix was investigated by differential integral scanning calorimetry (DISC) and IR spectroscopy. Pilot-laboratory batches of sheet materials were manufactured and their basic performance characteristics were investigated.

Influence of chemical composition and structure of polymeric amine-containing chemisorption fibers on complexing sorption of copper ions

The influence of the structure of polyamine chemisorption fibers on copper ion sorption was studied.

Thermokinetics of sorption of Zn(II) by VION KN-1 carboxyl-containing fibre

The thermokinetics was investigated and the enthalpy of sorption of Zn(II) ions from solutions of different concentration with VION KN-1 carboxyl chemisorption fibres (Na form) was determined. It was found that the time of attaining sorption equilibrium and the value of ΔH of sorption of Zn(II) ions is a function of their concentration in the solution. The results obtained can be used to determine the energy consumed in sorption of Zn(II) and effectively using KN-1 fibre in treatment of aqueous and gas-air media to remove heavy metal ions.

New polyamide chemisorption fibres containing aromatic and heterocyclic compounds units

Analytical equations describing production of polymide chemisorption fibres with functionally active units of aryl(hetaryl)carboxylic acid hydrazides were obtained by mathematical modeling. The high activity of the fibre chemisorbents in sorption of copper ions is demonstrated.

Sorption Activity of Different Chemisorption Fibres with Respect to Organic Dyes

The comparatively high activity of chemisorption fibres of the amine type in extraction of organic dyes from aqueous media was demonstrated. In studying the characteristics of sorption of acid dyes by polyamine-containing hydrated cellulose and polycaproamide fibres, the effect of the polymer matrix of the sorbent was established.

Description of Manufacture of a Chemisorption Fibre from Polycaproamide Graft Copolymers

A study of the kinetics of hydrazidation of PCA—PGMA graft copolymers showed that the reaction takes place with a high rate and practically ends in 10-15 min. Equations with the corresponding coefficients were obtained for describing the kinetics of the macromolecular reaction of hydrazidation of the graft polymer based on a mathematical model for solving a diffusion equation with a boundary condition in the form of flow. This approach can be used for creating principles for regulation of processes in chemical engineering of polymer systems.

Sorption of Heavy Metals by Polyamide Chemisorption Fibre

The effectiveness of using polycaproamide chemisorption fibre containing ethylenediamine units in sorption of heavy metal ions is demonstrated. The rate of sorption of Ni2+ and Zn2+ ions is high and the degree of extraction of these ions from solutions is 98-99%.

Fibre Chemisorbents — Material for Environmental Protection. A Review

Chemisorption fibres occupy an important position among the materials used for environmental protection. Their most important properties include the high specific surface area and possible fabrication of different articles from them, which allows creating highly effective industrial processes for removing toxic substances from gas—air and air media. The use of fibre chemisorbents in equipment for individual protection is no less urgent. However, when dealing with elimination of harmful emissions, technical and economic substantiation of the use of fibre sorbents (consideration of the concentration, chemical composition, and treated stream flow rates) is required. In further studies on development of chemisorbents, attention should be focused on obtaining materials with a high content of chemically active groups while preserving the mechanical properties that ensure their processing into textile articles. Polystyrene is the polymer most resistant to acids and bases. However, even with a 50% polyolefin content, it does not have sufficient elasticity for processing into textiles. The high reactivity of the nitrile groups in polyacrylonitrile makes it possible to manufacture chemisorption fibres by polymer-analog transformations. Acrylonitrile can also be used as the monomer for synthesis of copolymers with other vinylic compounds having active groups, for example, with 5-vinyl-2-methylpyridine. In Russia, chemisorption fibres are manufactured from a copolymer of acrylonitrile. Further research on the creation and use of chemisorption fibres is briefly examined here; new problems could arise in developing and using chemisorption fibres and these problems will also have to be solved.

Fibre Chemisorbents Based on Modified Graft Copolymers of Cellulose and Polycaproamide

A general characterization of chemisorption fibres with complexing properties is given. The specific features of the effect of the polymer matrix of fibre chemisorbents manufactured by hydrazidation of graft copolymers of cellulose (or polycaproamide) and polyacrylonitrile on the sorption properties, selectivity of sorption of metal ions, and stability of the properties in conditions simulating the conditions of use are examined.

Study of the Acid-Base Properties of Graft Copolymer Chemisorption Fibres by Potentiometric Titration

The content of functional groups responsible for the sorption activity of chemisorption fibres made from graft copolymers was determined by potentiometric titration and the apparent dissociation constants were calculated. It was shown that of the weakly basic ion-exchangers containing primary and secondary amino groups, the chemisorption fibre fabricated by amination of polycaproamide—polyglycidyl methacrylate copolymer grafted with ethylenediamine has the strongest base properties.

Fabrication of Polycaproamide Chemisorption Fibre with Hydrazide Groups

The possibility of the reaction of hydrazidation of polymeric oxiranes in graft copolymers was demonstrated. Polycaproamide chemisorption fibre with a static exchange capacity for HCl of 2.5-3.0 mmole/g was fabricated.

Sorption of water vapors by polycaproamide chemisorption fibre with sulfur-containing functionally active groups

It was found that as a result of chemical modification of PCA fibre by grafting of polyglycidyl methacrylate and its derivatives containing sulfhydryl groups, the fibre becomes hydrophobic. It was shown that the sulfur-containing chemisorption PCA fibre obtained has a highly developed specific surface area 500 times larger than the specific surface area of ion-exchange resins.

Sorption-atomic-absorption determination of gold using VION chemisorption fibers

The sorption of gold(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions on VION chemisorption fibers containing ion-exchange and complexing groups has been studied. Using these sorbents, a combined sorption-atomic-absorption procedure for the determination of gold has been developed. The procedure has been verified in the determination of gold in gold-containing ores.

Adsorption of water vapour by chemisorptive fibre with different counter-ions

The adsorption of water vapour by chemisorptive fibre VION KH-1 with such counter-ions as H +, Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs +, Be 2+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Zn 2+, Cd 2+, Hg 2+, Ni 2+, Co 2+, Cu 2+, Ag +, Al 3+and Fe 3+was investigated. It is shown that the adsorption isotherms of all studied samples are S-shaped and belong to group II according to the BET classification. To describe the obtained isotherms we proposed to use the modified three-parameter equation of the BET type considering sorbents fractality which is true in the range 0.05≪ x≪0.95. The influence of counter-ion charge value and its radius on adsorption and thermodynamic parameters of the process was found out.

Chemisorption fibres based on graft copolymers: Fabrication and properties. A review

Scientific concepts concerning the characteristics of graft polymerization to oriented polymeric materials and polymer-analog transformations of the graft polymer were elaborated based on systematic studies. The principles of fabrication of sorption-active fibre materials of different types based on graft copolymers and the most important directions of their use were formulated.

Fabrication of a weakly basic chemisorption fibre with aliphatic amino groups

The conditions for fabrication of an anion-exchange fibre with primary and secondary amine groups by preliminary treatment of Nitron fibre with an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine. The effect of the chemical nature of aminating reagents—hydrazine hydrate, ethylenediamine, and triethylenetetramine—on formation of aliphatic amine groups in Nitron fibre was investigated. It was hypothesized that the kinetics of amination is a function of the basicity of the aminating reagent.

Fabrication of chemisorption fibres from graft copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyglycidyl methacrylate

Mathematical modeling and optimization of fabrication of PVA-PGMA graft copolymers were conducted. The optimum parameters of graft polymerization which allow obtaining a graft copolymer with a high concentration of graft polymer were established. It was found that fluctuation of the temperature in the range of ±2‡C did not significantly affect graft polymerization. A chemisorption fibre with SEC for HCl of 3.5 mmole/g was fabricated from PVA-PGMA graft copolymers; it exhibits sorption activity with respect to copper ions, and the degree of extraction from dilute solutions is 90–97%.