Chemical Properties Of Groundwater Research Articles

Influence of intermittent water releases on groundwater chemistry at the lower reaches of the Tarim River, China

Based on the data of the depths and the chemical properties of groundwater, salinity in the soil profile, and the basic information on each delivery of water collected from the years 2000 to 2006, the varied character of groundwater chemistry and related factors were studied. The results confirmed the three stages of the variations in groundwater chemistry influenced by the intermittent water deliveries. The factors that had close relations to the variations in groundwater chemistry were the distances of monitoring wells from the water channel, the depths of the groundwater, water flux in watercourse, and the salinities in soils. The relations between chemical variation and groundwater depths indicated that the water quality was the best with the groundwater varying from 5 to 6 m. In addition, the constructive species in the study area can survive well with the depth of groundwater varying from 5 to 6 m, so the rational depth of groundwater in the lower reaches of the Tarim River should be 5 m or so. The redistribution of salts in the soil profile and its relations to the chemical properties and depths of groundwater revealed the linear water delivery at present combining with surface water supply in proper sections would promote water quality optimized and speed up the pace of ecological restoration in the study area.

Chemical Properties of Groundwater in Bhiloda Taluka Region, North Gujarat, India

Groundwater is one of the most useful water sources. Contamination of such water source is a big problem creating health hazards. In this present study we have collected groundwater samples from different places of Bhiloda taluka of Sabarkantha district (North Gujarat) India. These samples have been assessed on the basis of various qualitative parameters. The results of physico-chemical study of water samples from 13 bore wells in Bhiloda taluka are presented. The water quality parameters such as; pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salts (TDS), calcium and magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and soluble sodium percentage ( SSP ) were estimated.

Diagrams for evaluating groundwater quality

Some special diagrams for evaluating the chemical properties of groundwater intended for human consumption are introduced, in accordance with the Italian legislation assimilating EEC Directive 91/271 concerning the treatment of urban waste water and EEC Directive 91/676 related to the protection of waters against contamination by nitrates from agricultural sources. Although the limits imposed by the legislation reflect the Italian situation, they do however conform to directives concerning the whole European Community and offer a response to international guidelines promulgated by, for example, the World Health Organization so they are also suitable for use in national contexts other than Italy. Moreover, a diagram is introduced for monitoring the quality of water destined for agriculture, in particular for irrigation and the special issue of soil protection. In this case, in the absence of specific national and/or European laws and/or Directives, reference was made to the standards of the California Water Quality Control Board. The parameters and the relative limits have been taken from such standards, to identify three quality classes of water for agricultural use with evaluation of use. Plotting such diagrams is very simple: they can be used for improving presentation and interpretation of chemical data and, most of all, to provide comparisons between different water resources or to evaluate possible changes over time. Some examples, reported in the text, will aid understanding their use and interpretation.

Chemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of mountainous region, Alvand, Hamadan, Iran

Eighty-seven groundwater samples have been collected from a mountainous region (Alvand, Iran) for hydrochemical investigations to understand the sources of dissolved ions and assess the chemical quality of the groundwater. Most water quality parameters are within World Health Organization acceptable limits set for drinking water. The least mineralized water is found closest to the main recharge zones and the salinity of water increased towards the north of the basin. The most prevalent water type is Ca–HCO3 followed by water types Ca–NO3, Ca–Cl, Ca–SO4 and Mg–HCO3. The Ca–NO3 water type is associated with high nitrate pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities were associated with elevated level of NO3−. Mineral dissolution/weathering of evaporites dominates the major element hydrochemistry of the area. Chemical properties of groundwater in Alvand region are controlled both by natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic activities.

Modeling Element Concentrations in Äspö Groundwaters

ABSTRACTThe chemical properties of groundwater entering a repository for nuclear wastes, have a major impact on the performance of natural and engineered barriers. Thus, accurate models for the chemical evolution of the groundwater are important in connection with performance assessments. Simple mixing of waters is inadequate for describing most chemical properties, like concentrations of iron, pH or redox potential.In the present work, ground waters from Äspö at the Swedish east coast have been modeled. In the model it is assumed that ancient waters (end member waters) have been able to reach a steady state with respect to the minerals in the fracture walls. Due to groundwater flow, end member waters have been mixed to form intermediate waters. In the sampling process (by pumping), waters from a large number of small units are mixed too rapidly for mineral reactions to be of importance. After the sampling mixture has been formed, the water reaches equilibrium with respect to homogeneous reactions (in the aqueous phase) but not with respect to heterogeneous reactions.The CRACKER program has been used to simulate groundwater formation and sampling process according to the model. It has been found that the end member waters are fairly stable with respect to observed mineral sets.Conservative elements like Cl have been used to find the initial mixing ratios for intermediate waters. Evolution of the mixtures was simulated and finally mixing and speciation of waters from some 900 locations have been simulated to describe the final solution. It is found that the model is able to give a good agreement between observed and modeled concentrations for the ten most important elements as well as pH and redox potential.

Groundwater pollution due to sugar-mill effluent, at Sonai, Maharashtra, India

Analyses of 126 samples collected from 18 dug wells in the shallow basaltic aquifer over a period of 7 months have revealed spatial as well as temporal changes in the chemical properties of groundwater. While the temporal changes have been attributed to dilution and concentration phenomena governed by climatic factors, the spatial variations in the geochemical characteristics of groundwater appeared to be related to pollution due to effluents from the Mula Sugar Factory. The cause of groundwater pollution is the effluent carried by a stream flowing through the area. Fluctuations in the groundwater table, influent water quality character of the stream, less capacity to accommodate large volume of effluent and occurrence of zero base flow (under natural conditions) in the stream are the factors favoring infiltration of constituents of waste water into the underlying weathered basaltic aquifer. Pollutants have entered into the shallow aquifer by downward percolation through the zone of aeration to form a recharge mound at the water table and, further, lateral movement below the water table. The plume of polluted groundwater has a lateral extent of a few meters in the upstream area and more than 400 m on either side of the stream in the downstream part. The zone of polluted groundwater has an areal extent of more than 3.5 km2. Groundwater is the only source available for drinking and agricultural purposes. It is recommended that the base of the lagoons and the stream used for release of plant effluent should be waterproofed for the protection of groundwater in the Sonai area.

Effects of drainage and wood ash fertilization on water chemistry at a cutover peatland

Afforestation is one of many different ways to reclaim cutover peatland areas. Among the treatments often required to obtain successful afforestation are supplementary drainage, fertilization and rotovation. This study presents the effects of drainage and wood-ash fertilization on the chemical composition of water in a cutover peatland area, which constitutes 34 hectares of a minerotrophic mire in SW Sweden. Fourteen hectares of the cutover peatland was amended with 23 tonnes of wood ash, 0.4 tonnes of raw phosphate and 0.25 tonnes of superphosphate per hectare, while different doses of a PK-fertilizer were applied on the remaining 20 hectares. The chemical properties of groundwater and stream water in the wood-ash amended area were compared with those in the PK-fertilized area and a control area. Outflowing groundwater emanating from the mineral subsoil affected the chemical composition of peat groundwater and streamwater. Drainage changed chemical composition more than the wood ash fertilization. Drainage led to increases in SO4 and decreases in alkalinity in both peat groundwater and in stream water. The pH decreased in peat groundwater, whereas the streamwater pH was not affected because the high alkalinity in the mineral soil groundwater buffered the acid peat groundwater. Fertilization increased contents of K, Ca and Mn in both peat groundwater and stream water. Contents of B, o-P and Tot-P increased in peat groundwater but not in stream water, whereas the reverse was true for Mg. The outflow of P did not increase in spite of the large amount of P applied. The high retention of P was caused by large quantities of sesquioxides, especially Fe-oxides in the peat.

Variation of Chemical Properties of Ground Water in Farm Land

Effect of the fertilizer on chemical properties of ground water was investigated from March to November in a farm land of West of Fukuoka City. The variation of dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations in ground waters with time was greatly different by the surface conditions of the land: paddy field or vegetable field. In the case of the former, the DO and NO3-N concentrations decreased gradually from May and showed a minimum at the end of August. While, in the case of the latter, the concentrations were highly constant. Despite that the large amount of phosphate was manured, its concentration in ground waters was low.

Parameters for modelling the transport of cadmium as influenced by the chemical properties of ground water and aquifer material

Parameters for modelling the transport of cadmium as influenced by the chemical properties of ground water and aquifer material

華北に於ける淺層地下水水質無機諸要素の大要

華北に於ける淺層地下水水質無機諸要素の大要