Chemical Properties Of Groundwater Research Articles

Pengujian Sifat Fisis Dan Kimia Air Tanah di Daerah Sentani Dan Sekitarnya

Communities in Jayapura use groundwater for their daily needs both from springs, dug wells and drilled wells. The research was conducted in the Sentani and surrounding areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and chemical properties of groundwater based on laboratory tests. The physical and chemical properties of groundwater are one of the main properties of water and are very useful for determining the quality of groundwater. This study took three sampling locations with stratified random sampling method. The samples taken were springs, dug wells and drilled wells. The parameters of the physical properties of groundwater tested included pH, temperature ( T0C ), TDS, hardness ( CaCO3 ), while the parameters of the chemical properties of ground water tested included magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Sulfate (SO4), Chloride (Cl) and Bicarbonate (HCO3). In general, all samples analyzed from the study area showed that the levels of chemical elements in groundwater had not exceeded the drinking water standard limits, but there were locations that had high levels of magnesium, namely location 1 (Sosiri) of 149 mg/L. The results of the physical properties test showed that the test content value had not exceeded the drinking water standard limit, in the sense that the groundwater in the study area was suitable for use.

The Effect of Organic Pollutants on the Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Groundwater in the Azzab Al-Asfal District - Kirkuk

The Effect of Organic Pollutants on the Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Groundwater in the Azzab Al-Asfal District - Kirkuk

Evaluation of some Physical and Chemical Properties of Ground Water in Alshirqat District, Salaheddin province, Iraq

The study carried out to evaluate some of the physical and chemical properties of the ground water samples from west of Alshirqat district, Salaheddin province, IRAQ. Six wells selected, sample of water collected every month for 6 months (October,2021 – March 2022). In each sample electric conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness (TH), calcium hardness (Ca H), magnesium hardness (Mg H), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and sulphate (SO4), were measured monthly. The results of ground water samples range of EC is (1308-6030) µ siemens, pH is (6.99- 7.95),TDS is (947-2670 mg./l), DO is (4- 6.7mg/l), BOD is (0.4-2.6 mg/l), TH is (500- 3200 mg/l ), CaH is (300- 2000 mg/l) , Mg H is (20 -1800 mg/l), Na is (50- 2100 mg/l), K is (0.1- 7.2 mg/l), CL is (133.12- 2485mg/l), SO4 is (12.71-375.6 mg/l ) subsequently. The ground water in west of Alshirqat, Salaheddin, Iraq, contain very high level of total dissolved solid, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, sodium, chloride, and sulphate. The ground water is unsuitable to human consumption and domestic uses, for animal uses, irrigation except plant resistant to salinity, and many industries.

ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE TENGIZ DEPOSIT

In this article, a study of geological and ecological loads on the geological environment at the Tengizfield, located in the Zhyloy district of Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhtan, is carried out. Soil tests by dynamic sounding (STDS) were performed on all drilling wells for sandy soils. In the process of performing engineering and geological exploration, static sounding of soils was performed at the projected sites of GDP-1 (gas distribution plant) and Torch, with the measurement of hydrostatic pore pressure. Physical and mechanical properties of soils, chemical properties of soils and chemical properties of groundwater were determined during laboratory studies. In the studied territory, the soils composing the engineering-geological section to a depth of up to 25 m are saline with an average degree of salinity. All lithological-facies groups of soils also contain a significant amount of carbonates and gypsum in their composition. For loamy silt (IGE-1b), according to the combination of physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics (fluid consistency, high degree of salinity, high degree of compressibility and low strength, the possibility of manifestation of thixotropic properties under dynamic influences), this soil belongs to the category of weak water-saturated clay soils. Weak soil (IGE-1b) is observed at a shallow depth in some areas. The available geotechnical data is not enough to accommodate areas of weak soils. At the same time, heavy sandy loam (IGE1a) and light sandy clay (IGE-8) have swelling properties of a weak degree. Chemical analysis of groundwater samples taken within the studied territories showed a high degree of mineralization, groundwater belongs to the brackish group, a subgroup of strongly brackish waters. Dangerous geological processes that could negatively affect the construction conditions are characterized by the processes of secondary salinization of soils.

Appraisal of Hydrochemical Quality of Groundwater in Bamanghaty Subdivision of Mayurbhanj District, Odisha, India Using Geospatial Technology

Geochemical attributes of groundwater were investigated in the Bamanghaty Subdivision of Mayurbhanj District, Odisha, India using geospatial technology. The assessment was undertaken to depict the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation use. Geospatial technology is reliable and cost- effective to measure the quality of groundwater in Precambrian hard rock terrain. Around 14 groundwater samples were collected arbitrarily from various sources such as hand pumps, tube wells and bore wells. Major ions were analysed to understand the influence of geochemical processes on groundwater quality in the Bamanghaty subdivision. Samples were tested for pH, Electrical Conductivity, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Chloride, Sulfate, Nitrate, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium and absolute hardness. Based on the results of the chemical analysis of water samples, various graphical representations were made, viz. Ionic concentration diagram, Stiffs' diagram, Permeability index diagram, Salinity hazard diagram and Piper's trilinear diagram. The chemical properties of groundwater were analysed to decipher its suitability for drinking and irrigation use. Investigation demonstrates that most of the groundwater is chemically suitable for drinking and agricultural uses. Keywords: Groundwater; Chemical Analysis; Geospatial Technology; Permeability Index; Salinity Hazard Index; Piper Diagram

PURIFICATION OF UNDERGROUND WATER USING SORBENT BASED ON SILICONY ROCK-FLASK OF WEST KAZAKHSTAN

Currently, the Republic of Kazakhstan maintains an intense environmental situation that is associated with an anthropogenic impact on water supply sources. Technically, providing the required amount of water is a feasible task, but the supplied water must be of a certain quality and comply with drinking water supply standards. In this regard, it is a necessity today to constantly monitor the quality of underground water sources used to purify them from harmful impurities using the most effective and readily available natural sorbents. The paper presents the results of studies of the physical and chemical properties of groundwater from wells No. 48 belonging to LLP "ESCEIPA" and the village of Dzhangala, West Kazakhstan region. A siliceous rock - a flask of Western Kazakhstan was used as an adsorbent for water purification. Acid activation was carried out to increase the sorption capacity of the flask. Permanganate oxidizability, sulfate ions, and dry residue were determined in the studied water samples before and after treatment, the following. The studies were carried out with the original and modified flask. The experimental data obtained showed that the best results were achieved after acid activation of the sorbent. Thus, the content of mineral salts has decreased by 2 times, the permanganate oxidizability for the "ESCEIPA" water sample is below the permissible concentration, and the content of sulfate ions is close to the technical conditions. It has been proved that it is possible to use a flask for groundwater treatment, and acid modification improves the sorption characteristics of the material under study.

Influence of Rain Water Recharging on the Chemical Properties of Groundwater

The study was conducted to analyze the impact of different seasons and sources of rainwater (rooftop runoff and runoff plots) used in recharging borewells on chemical properties of groundwater. There were nine borewells considered for the study, among them five borewells are recharged through rooftop runoff water, two borewells are recharged through water from runoff plots and the two borewells have no treatments. After each runoff event, water samples from each borewell were collected for five days and analyzed for various chemical parameters. The electrical conductivity, pH and concentration of bicarbonate ions were analyzed. The result revealed that the recharge that took place during the Kharif season had an impact through reduced salt concentration and it also had an influence during the Rabi season. The electrical conductivity and concentration of bicarbonates in water samples from borewells was low in Kharif than rabi. The values of these chemical properties indicated that recharging of borewells is having the beneficial effect on the groundwater properties.

Application of geochemical modelling for hydraulic stimulation in enhanced geothermal systems

ABSTRACT In an enhanced geothermal system (EGS), the use of fracking fluid generally causes changes in the geochemical properties of a hydrothermal reservoir. In this study, the geochemical changes were estimated through geochemical modelling using PHREEQC, and the modelling results were compared with field data and evaluated. As a result, the model showed an increase of the electrical conductivity in time which is consistent with the measurements. From the comparison between two results, it was found that the injected water was mixed with groundwater and the influence of the groundwater was significant when the hydraulic retention time of the fluid was longer than a day. Also, the chemical properties of the bedrock groundwater significantly could influence on the geochemical reactions in the geothermal reservoir. From the results, it can be concluded that the consideration of the chemical properties of groundwater or formation water is essential for the successful EGS operation.

Continuous monitoring of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in a hot spring: Significance for distant earthquakes

Earthquakes can change the physical and chemical properties of groundwater, and the changes can be identified by isotope techniques. Here, the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios of groundwater from the Banglazhang #1 hot spring in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, were collected from April 2015 to March 2019. The results show that the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen are distributed around the local meteoric water line (LMWL), indicating that the hot spring recharge source is meteoric water with slight water-rock interaction. Temporal variations in the isotope ratios show that the recharge sources are relatively stable and the groundwater residence time is relatively long. However, in two periods, values exceed the background ratios recharged from meteoric water and are associated with distant earthquakes with magnitudes 6.8, 4.6 and 4.4. The stable isotope ratios changed within three months before the earthquakes due to permeability decreases in aquifers associated with stress and strain increases before the earthquakes. The changing permeability led to reduced recharge by deep hot water and the isotopes shift. These results reveal that the continuous observation of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes can indicate the recharge characteristics of groundwater and reflect the regional stress and strain before distant earthquakes. Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes may provide information for the analysis of earthquake precursors.

Production of biomethane in a deep rock aquifer

Already in the 1990s, strong decrease of hydrogen content in town gas (45-50% H2, 20-25% CH4, 8-12% CO2, 7-11% CO and 8-10% N2) was observed in the underground gas storage. It was followed by an increase in the methane concentration. The temperature rise and the presence of unusual compounds were noted. The presence of methanogenic archaea, which appeared to be responsible for changes in gas quality, was also confirmed. A detailed survey was related to the planned switch to natural gas storage instead of town gas. At the same site where natural gas is currently stored, we and the authors of the original study conducted analyses with the aim to find out whether this natural environment could be used to the production of biomethane throughout Power to Methane technology. The observed results confirmed the occurrence of microbial methane. Water sampling has confirmed the suitable physical and chemical properties of groundwater for biomethane production.

Random Forest Advice for Water Quality Prediction in the Regions of Kadapa District

Water is essential to all basic needs of Human being. The quality of water is significant on the earth for everyone. Machine learning methods concentrates much on data rather than methods. Classification technique uses the past history data to predict the class of new sample(s). The present work collects water samples in the regions of Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. Those samples are given to the Laboratory to perform an analysis on physico- chemical properties of ground water, whether they are suitable for drinking or not. In this paper, Random Forest approach is considered to predict the water quality in the regions of Study area and classify the regions into 3 classes whether they are Excellent, Good or Poor for drinking purposes.

Study the physical and chemical properties of groundwater in the Al-Alam within the province of Salah al-Din

The current study was designed to investigate some of the physical and chemical properties of the five wells located in Al-Alam aera during the period from October2016 to March 2017. The results clarify monthly variation of above properties. Air and water temperature ranged (9-32) (19-24)C0 respectively. Turbidity values ​​were between (0.00-3.95) NTU, and electrical conductivity values ​​ were (2210-6350) μhs/cm. PH values ranged between (7.2-8.4). Chloride ions valeus were between (12-100) mg/L. The alkalinity values ​due to bicarbonate were varied between (60-351) mg/L. The total hardness, calcium and magnesium were varied between (1480-4600), (760-2000) and (160-2600) mg/L respectively. Nitrate values ​​ranged between (0.200-3.51)µgN-NO3/L.

Study the physical and chemical properties of groundwater in the Al-Alam within the province of Salah al-Din

The current study was designed to investigate some of the physical and chemical properties of the five wells located in Al-Alam aera during  the period from October2016 to March 2017. The results clarify monthly variation of above properties. Air and water temperature ranged (9-32) (19-24)C0 respectively. Turbidity values ​​were between (0.00-3.95) NTU, and electrical conductivity values ​​ were (2210-6350) μhs/cm. PH values ranged between (7.2-8.4). Chloride ions valeus were between (12-100) mg/L. The alkalinity values ​due to bicarbonate were varied between (60-351) mg/L. The total hardness, calcium  and magnesium were varied between (1480-4600), (760-2000) and (160-2600) mg/L respectively. Nitrate values ​​ranged between (0.200-3.51)µgN-NO3/L.    http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.23.2018.041

Assessment of groundwater quality around a petroleum tank farm, in Ifie Community and environs, Warri, Southern Nigeria

Investigation of the physical and chemical properties of groundwater around a Petroleum Tank Farm was carried out between January and August, 2015 to assess the suitability of the borehole water for drinking and other domestic uses. The results show that pH of water was acidic with values ranging from 4.62 to 6.87, EC (33.00–206.00 µs/cm), TDS (15.00–115.00mg/L), DO (2.13 7.10mg/L), and BOD (0.71–2.28mg/L). Anionic concentrations varied thus: HCO 3 (2.42-15.11mg/L), SO 4 2- (0.67-10.54 mg/L), NO 3 - (0.15-4.71 mg/L), PO 4 - (0.04-0.81 mg/L) and Cl - (8.03-35.82 mg/L). The cations had very low values: Ca 2+ (1.29-10.17 mg/L), Mg 2+ (0.19-4.82 mg/L), Na + (0.16-2.81mg/L), Cu 2+ (0.02-0.20mg/L), Zn 2+ (0.02-0.61mg/L) and Fe (0.02-0.31mg/L). Water Quality Index (WQI) revealed very poor water, suggesting that the heavy vehicular movements and gas flaring at the Petroleum Tank Farm impacted negatively on its surrounding groundwater with increased levels of pH, DO and BOD. Based on the findings in this study, the quality of the borehole water is unsuitable for drinking without adequate treatment. Improved energy efficiency performance of all utilities such as in means of transport and behavioural changes to reduce green house gases through the adoption of renewable energy should be encouraged and advocated. Keywords: Borehole, Groundwater, Water quality, pH, BOD, Warri

On connection of modern geodynamic processes in carbonate rocks with tectonic activization of Petrivs’k-Kreminna fault

The given paper considers the connection of modern geodynamic processes in carbonate rocks with the tectonic activation of Petrivs’k-Kreminna fault. It is emphasized that faults in the region are the channels of the upward heat and mass transfer.The unloading of deep formation waters and endogenous fluids in the area Petrivs’k-Kreminna and other faults results from heat and mass transfer, which is brought about by the motions of lithospheric blocks of Donets’k folded structure.The present tense dynamic state of the geological system manifests itself in the constant uplifting of the hanging wings of Svyatohirs’k brachyanticline at a speed of 1,3-2,5 mm a year. Earthquakes with the focal depth of ~10 km are associated with periodic geodynamic stress relaxation in the Archean-Proterozoic basement complex in the ancient geologically closed submeridional fault that intersects within Svyatohirs’k structure with the Petrivs’k-Kreminna fault. The modern and most recent tectonic activation of the latter is evidenced in the formation of hypogenic hydrogeochemical anomalies, accompanied by hydrochemical inversion. The groundwater here exhibit alkaline reaction (pH up to 8,2), an increased temperature (19- 27 °C) in the range of 0-300 m and a high content of hypogenic trace elements, among which carbon dioxide takes pride of place.The presence of CO2 increases the aggressiveness of underground water towards carbonate rocks, resulting in a chemical geodynamic process referred to as karst. Furthermore, abnormal physical and chemical properties of groundwater bring about suffusion processes in loamy, chalk strata of rocks. These geodynamic processes are associated with geological risks for buildings of Svyatohirs’k monastery.The study found that: 1) the tectonic activation of the Petrivs’k-Kreminna fault in various and, above all, the modern and contemporary periods of Alpine tectonogenesis is the dominant energy basis of geodynamic processes, including seismic activity; 2) carbon dioxide as atmospheric and deep genesis present in the groundwater of different types, is the major factor in the development of carbonate karst in Svyatohirs’k brachyanticline; 3) the isotopic analysis of δ13C and δ18O in aragonite chalk powder clearly showed that recrystallization of chalk into aragonite occurred involving deep formation waters saturated with endogenous (metamorphogenic or mantle) CO2.

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality of Low Landfills in Sanandaj, Iran, for Agricultural and Drinking use

Landfills pose major bioenvironmental problems and difficulties. One of the most major problems of such a nature is related to the landfill leachate. Objectives: The present study attempted to investigate chemical properties of groundwater in terms of its use in agriculture and for drinking. Methods: Accordingly, a total number of 5 wells were selected near the landfill, and then, after sampling during two different seasons, such parameters as PH, EC, TDS, Hardness, Nitrates, Chloride, Sulfate, Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium and Calcium were evaluated through comparing the analyzed sums with Schoeller and Willcox diagrams. Schoeller and Willcox diagrams show that most samples were usable for agriculture and drinking. The final map shows that water quality is usable all across the zones. Finally, overlap analysis was carried out based on Schoeller and Willcox diagrams in order to determine unusable zones. Findings: Results of the analysis indicate that most of the samples can be used for drinking and agriculture. Applications: 10 Arc GIS software was applied in order to calculate the spatial distribution of usable and unusable zones and data was collected.

Groundwater Characterization of Cihaur Watershed Basin, Batujajar and Adjacent, West Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia

The study was conducted based on data from outcrop, well data, and springs with field orientation method assisted by the use of GPS and measurement tool physical and chemical properties of groundwater. Geological conditions investigated were geomorphology and stratigraphy, geomorphology unit study area consists of four units, namely geomorphology unit of strato volcano body, foot of strato volcano, intrusion units, and plains units and the river drainage patterns are parallel and subparallel. Stratigraphy in the study area are volcanic breccia (Qbv), Unit Andesite (Qa), Unit Tuff (Qtf) and Unit Clay Tuffan (Qlt). The characteristics of the groundwater of the study area are in form of the physico-chemical, major elements, and hydrolic parameter of the groundwater aquifers. From 27 locations, the water quality assesment by physico-chemical properties is classified as fresh water category and based on chemical major elements, has been classified 8 facies which are located in the study area. Then, there are two lithologies which act as aquifers ie, tuff and volcanic breccias. Conductivity values in the range of volcanic breccia aquifers respectively 0,128 m/day and 0,288 m/day, transmitivity (T) ranges respectively 1,9296 m2/day and 4,32 m2/day. The value of conductivity in tuff aquifer is 0,063 m/day, transmitivity (T) is 0,95 m2/day. While lithology Qlt (Clay tuffan) is lithology with very low productivity of groundwater or called groundwater rare area (akiclud) and the rock units Qa (Andesite) is a non-aquifer that is the absence of groundwater in these rock units (akifug).

Determination of nitrate contamination sources using isotopic and chemical indicators in an agricultural region in China

Stable isotopic measurements (δ15N and δ18O), combined with hydrochemical assessment, were used to elucidate the chemical quality of groundwater and the sources of nitrate (NO3−) in the groundwater in an agricultural region at Huzhou City, China. Paddy rice (Zhejing 41) and vegetables (Chinese cabbage) are the typical crops grown in the study area. The chemical properties of groundwater in the study area were controlled using natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic activities. The results show that SO42− and NH4+ were the major contaminants. Surficial conditions influenced the shallow groundwater. However, no relationship between the ion concentration in groundwater and well depth was found. The combined use of isotopes was useful for identifying NO3− sources. The isotopic values for δ15N and δ18O ranged from −0.8‰ to 20.8‰ and from −2.0‰ to 18.8‰, respectively. The isotopic data were definitive and revealed that N-fertilizer, soil organic matter, and manure dominated the sources of NO3− in the study area. The δ15N and δ18O data for NO3− indicated a significant degree of nitrification and a lesser extent of denitrification in the agricultural area. Spatial variations in δ15N for NO3− showed that NO3− concentration and δ15N values in the upper groundwater (<200cm) were higher than the values in the lower groundwater (>200cm).

An Investigation of the Quality of Underground Water at Eloor in Ernakulum District of Kerala, India

The physical and chemical properties of groundwater in Eloor, an industrial region, have been investigated to evaluate the extent of pollution. The study area was divided into four zones and a total of 40 water samples from different locations were collected, analyzed and correlation analysis has been carried out among the measured parameters. A comparison of the observed parameters with the limits prescribed by BIS revealed that in some area pH values are lower than the prescribed limit. The concentration of the major cations and anions were found to be significant. Magnesium and chloride exceed the desirable limit in some areas but less than the upper limit prescribed by BIS. Significant linear relationship was observed between pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+and chloride. The importance of these parameters in predicting the quality characteristics of groundwater is discussed.

Influence of intermittent water releases on groundwater chemistry at the lower reaches of the Tarim River, China

Based on the data of the depths and the chemical properties of groundwater, salinity in the soil profile, and the basic information on each delivery of water collected from the years 2000 to 2006, the varied character of groundwater chemistry and related factors were studied. The results confirmed the three stages of the variations in groundwater chemistry influenced by the intermittent water deliveries. The factors that had close relations to the variations in groundwater chemistry were the distances of monitoring wells from the water channel, the depths of the groundwater, water flux in watercourse, and the salinities in soils. The relations between chemical variation and groundwater depths indicated that the water quality was the best with the groundwater varying from 5 to 6 m. In addition, the constructive species in the study area can survive well with the depth of groundwater varying from 5 to 6 m, so the rational depth of groundwater in the lower reaches of the Tarim River should be 5 m or so. The redistribution of salts in the soil profile and its relations to the chemical properties and depths of groundwater revealed the linear water delivery at present combining with surface water supply in proper sections would promote water quality optimized and speed up the pace of ecological restoration in the study area.