Chemical Parameters Of Groundwater Research Articles

Long-term rainfall and water table influence on groundwater nutrient dynamics from an oil palm plantation

ABSTRACT Conservation of groundwater quality is of paramount importance for sustainable agricultural management. Hydrological factors such as rainfall patterns and water table (WT) management, including drainage practices, play a crucial role in groundwater recharge. This in turn has a significant impact on WT fluctuations, nutrient losses in the soil, and the leaching of fertilizers into groundwater which leads to groundwater pollution. Consequently, this study evaluates the long-term influence of seasonal rainfall and WT fluctuations on groundwater nutrient dynamics in tropical peatlands from an oil palm plantation (OPP). Linear regression analyses and Pearson correlation matrices were adopted to evaluate the relationships between seasonal rainfall, WT, and groundwater chemical parameters. The results showed that there was a significant increase in mean pH, NO3 −, Na+, Ca2+, and PO4 3- values during the wet season compared to the dry season which could be attributed to the leaching of nutrients into groundwater due to rainfall, nutrient runoff from drainage systems and increased nitrification rate. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) was found between groundwater pH and NO3 − during the wet season, suggesting that increased groundwater pH due to heavy rainfall directly affects the nitrification process. It was also observed that low WT promotes denitrification in shallow groundwater, with this effect being more significant (p < 0.05) during the dry season. This was reflected in the higher correlation values between the WT fluctuations and the NH4 + concentrations in the groundwater. This research represents the first study to explore the long-term impacts of rainfall and WT fluctuations on groundwater quality in tropical peatlands. The insights gained from this study offer valuable guidance for WT management strategies aimed at conserving groundwater quality in such environments, ultimately contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.

Predicting seawater intrusion in coastal areas using machine learning: A case study of arid coastal aquifers, Saudi Arabia

Groundwater is a vital resource for communities in arid regions, such as Saudi Arabia, where seawater intrusion poses a significant threat. To determine groundwater quality with traditional methods is time-consuming and costly process. In this study, we developed a machine learning method as a tool for predicting seawater intrusion in coastal areas using groundwater chemical parameters. We analysed 99 water sample data from the Red Sea and 42 from eastern coast of Saudi Arabia for 13 chemical parameters and conducted two experiments with and without chloride parameter. Unlike previous studies that developed complex machine learning methods, we focus on lightweight machine learning algorithms to model seawater intrusion for possibility of sensor deployment in future. The machine learning algorithms assessed and compared are namely decision trees, ensemble machine learning methods (Random Forest and Gradient Boosting), support vector machines, multilayer perceptrons, and ridge regression. With the chloride parameter included, ridge regression emerged as the best model, with an R2 of 99.8% and the lowest Akaike and Bayesian information criteria values. Without chloride data, multilayer perceptron achieved a marginally higher R2 of 98.7% but required longer training times. Notably, a high accuracy was maintained without chloride parameter, demonstrating the capacity of machine learning for augment monitoring. This research underscores the effectiveness of ridge regression and neural networks in predicting seawater intrusion, enabling the accurate mapping of vulnerable areas to inform adaptive management strategies for groundwater preservation. The regional scope of this study offers valuable insights for other arid coastal regions that rely on groundwater and threatened by seawater intrusion.

Analysis of the Quality of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Groundwater in Three Localities in the Sub-Prefecture of Zanzra (Ivory Coast)

Analysis of the Quality of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Groundwater in Three Localities in the Sub-Prefecture of Zanzra (Ivory Coast)

Comparative Study of Physico- chemical Parameters of Ground water of Residential and Industrial area of Sirgitti in Bilaspur District

Water is available in abundance on the earth. It is one of the main reasons which make life possible on our planet. The quality strength and type of sewage depends upon the human population, industrialization, deforestation and life style of people. Analytical explorations of some selected physico- chemical parameter have been made on the ground water bodies of Sirgitti industrial area. In the present comparative study for physico-chemical analysis water samples were collected from to different locations the residential and industrial area of Sirgitti in Bilaspur district. The laboratory test of the collected water samples were performed for analysis of some selected physico-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, DO, COD, Total hardness, Fluoride, chloride etc. The methods employed for the analysis as per standard methods recommended by APHA and WHO standard of drinking water. The obtained values are compared with the standard limit. The results of this study reveals that in the industrial area of the physico-chemical parameters higher in the maximum permissible limit of WHO with variations in some parameters. Both the sampling stations groundwater unsuitable for domestic, irrigation and drinking purposes but the industrial area of BEC fertilizers groundwater is more polluted than the Adarsh nagar residential area of Sirgitti. So it is essential that the quality of ground water should be regular checked and also needs treatment before direct use.

Hydro-geochemical assessment of ground water for drinking and agricultural purposes and potential human health risk in Aligarh city, India

Health effects are related globally to water quality. The residents of Aligarh city are solely rely on groundwater for drinking and domestic purposes. The aim of the study was to find out association between ground water quality and water borne diseases. For this purpose, the present study evaluated physicochemical quality of drinking water. The water quality was evaluated for both pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) seasons based on samples collected from 19 stations. To find the potential health risk and waterborne diseases vulnerability, questionnaires-based survey was carried out. Although most of the samples range slightly above the Bureau of Indian Standard's (BIS) permissible limit, the results revealed the sign of contamination from the surface of the earth. According to result of water quality index, the city is classified as having well to moderate water quality throughout the year. The correlation, HCA, and Trilinary plot demonstrate that natural pollution sources, human activities, and geographical factors affecting water quality in the study area. During PRM, 84.21% area falls under slight to moderate sodium hazard category where as the result gets better during POM where 68.42% area falls under the same category. Overall, the water was fit to be used for irrigation purposes. The accuracy of WBD's susceptibility maps was assessed by RMSE. During PRM, chemical parameters in groundwater, WQI and WBD's RMSE were found to be 0.1483, 0.3157 and 0.212 whereas during POM the results were 0.1822, 0.3172 and 0.1966, respectively. The results obtained from susceptibility assessment shows that drinking water will not have any major waterborne diseases. However, the result revealed that POM season is more vulnerable to some waterborne diseases than the PRM season.

Risk assessment of toxic metals and groundwater quality assessment in an industrial hotspot of Bengaluru, India – case study

The present study was conducted across 28 sampling locations in an industrial zone (Peenya) of Bengaluru city to characterize the various chemical parameters of groundwater. Groundwater chemistry was evaluated using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Piper plots. The WQI results showed that around 78% of sampling points were unfit for drinking water consumption. Results of Piper plots categorized groundwater samples principally into Ca·Mg-HCO3 type (39%) and mixed Ca·Mg − Cl · SO4 type (53.5%). The study used principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis to evaluate possible sources of water pollution. The five major principal components were extracted, and it showed that the water quality in the study area was likely influenced by both natural geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Water was not typically used for drinking purposes, but was used for various industrial uses. Human health risk assessment showed that in most sampling locations (86%), values of the Hazard Index were greater than 1, which indicated that water was not suitable for drinking because of its potential to cause non-carcinogenic health effects in adults and children. Long-term monitoring of contamination in the study area revealed that the concentration of Cr(VI) still existed at concerning levels in groundwater. Thus, the current study aids in identifying risks associated with heavy metal contamination and serves as a foundation for developing a remediation plan to address environmental issues.

Numerical Simulation and Characterization of the Hydromechanical Alterations at the Zafarraya Fault Due to the 1884 Andalusia Earthquake (Spain)

The 1884 Andalusia Earthquake, with an estimated magnitude between 6.2 and 6.7, is one of the most destructive events that shook the Iberian Peninsula, causing around 1200 casualties. According to paleoseismology studies and intensity maps, the earthquake source relates to the normal Ventas de Zafarraya Fault (Granada, Spain). Diverse studies registered and later analyzed hydrological effects, such as landslides, rockfalls, soil liquefaction, all-around surge and loss of springs, alterations in the phreatic level, discharge in springs and brooks and well levels, along with changes in physical and chemical parameters of groundwater. Further insight into these phenomena found an interplay between hydromechanical processes and crust surface deformations, conditions, and properties. This study focuses on analyzing and simulating the features involved in the major 1884 event and aims at elucidating the mechanisms concerning the mentioned effects. This ex-post analysis builds on the qualitative effects and visible alterations registered by historical studies. It encompasses conceptual geological and kinematic models and a 2D finite element simulation to account for the processes undergone by the Zafarraya Fault. The study focuses on the variability of hydromechanical features and the time evolution of the ground pore–pressure distribution in both the preseismic and coseismic stages, matching some of the shreds of evidence found by field studies. This procedure has helped to shed light on the causal mechanisms and better understand some parameters of this historical earthquake, such as its hypocenter and magnitude. This methodology can be applied to other events registered in the National Catalogues of Earthquakes to achieve a deeper insight, further knowledge, and a better understanding of past earthquakes.

Cyclic solubilization and release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gemini photosensitive surfactant combined with micro-nano bubbles: a promising enhancement technology for groundwater remediation

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have posed serious risks to the groundwater environment. Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is a promising strategy, as it can increase the solubilization efficiency of PAHs contaminants. However, this technology is still hampered due to low efficiency and high cost for the separation of pollutants after solubilization. Through the combination of micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) with a gemini photosensitive surfactant (N1, N2-bis[4-[4-[(4-butylphenyl) azo] phenoxy] butyl]-N1, N2-tetramethylethane-1,2-diammonium bromide, AzoPBT), herein we present a significantly enhanced efficiency of phenanthrene (Phe) solubilization and surfactant cycling. Notably, the presence of MNBs was conducive to the dissolution and release of Phe by reducing the CMC and γ of trans-AzoPBT (from 0.52 mmol/L and 28.94 mN·m−1 to 0.39 mmol/L and 27.88 mN·m−1) and increasing the difference of interfacial properties between trans and cis-AzoPBT, which was owing to the electrostatic interaction. Groundwater chemical parameters, i.e., ions, pH and organic matter would affect the solubilization ability of trans-AzoPBT. Mg2+ and Ca2+ inhibited the solubilization while SO42− promoted the solubilization, depending on their radius, electronic quantity and solution pH. A change in the HA level up to 8 mg/L had a negatively effect on the solubilization ability. High release rate (69.39 %) of cis-AzoPBT for Phe and high recovery rate (89.37 %) for tans-AzoPBT were obtained in the AzoPBT/MNBs mixed aqueous solution. Compared to MNBs combined with conventional cationic surfactants, AzoPBT/MNBs mixed aqueous solution exhibited better synergistic solubilization performance, and the apparent solubility of Phe increased from 26.74 % to 31.61 %. Overall, this study demonstrates the enhanced solubilization of PAHs by photosensitive surfactants combined with MNBs, which provides valuable insights of the effective utilization of surfactants in the remediation of PAHs-contaminated groundwater with SER technology.

The 1st method Parfait-Hounsinou used for the detection of saltwater intrusion in groundwater

This study presents the 1st method Parfait-Hounsinou, a method that makes it very easy to detect saltwater intrusion in groundwater. The method relies on the commonly sampled ion concentrations. This method involves several steps, namely: Chemical analyzes to determine the concentrations of majors ions and TDS in groundwater, production and study of the spatial distribution of chemical parameters in groundwater (TDS, Cl−…), delimitation of a probable area of saltwater intrusion in groundwater and the production and the study of spie chart where area of pie slices represents ions contents or group of ions content in the groundwater sample of the probable area of the saltwater intrusion in groundwater and radius length represents the Relative Content Index. The method is applied to groundwater data collected from the municipality of Abomey-Calavi in Benin. The method is also compared to other methods used for saltwater intrusion including the Scholler-Berkaloff and Stiff diagrams and the Revelle Index. Comparatively to Scholler-Berkaloff and Stiff diagrams, the 1st method Parfait –Hounsinou, at spie chart level, the area of pie slices make it easier to compare the major cations between them and the majors anions between them and the Relative Content Index of the chloride ion allows further confirmation of the saltwater intrusion and its extent.•There are frequent saltwater intrusion into groundwater which are important freshwater reserves for our planet.•Governments around the world should delineate the levels of ocean intrusion into groundwater using scientific methods such as this method and seek to limit this saltwater intrusion.•In this article we have proposed a simple and reliable method based on a series of irrefutable proofs of saltwater intrusion into groundwater.

An empirical analysis on the impact of metal contents on water quality

Water is a renewable natural resource that is essential for all living things on earth. Fresh water becomes a scarce material due to its excessive exploitation and pollution. Factories, agriculture and domestic activities are factors for water pollution. Furthermore, industrial development in the form of sewage in the freshwater system and the resulting pollution is a challenge to this fragile ecosystem. The global epidemic caused by the 2019-nCoV 'novel virus has caused people around the world to stay in their homes for months due to continuous locking. As a result of these series of locks, the world economy has been badly tested and India is no exception. In India, the government imposed the lockout in late March 2020, but it continues in phases. Although this continuous locking has been announced to control the spread of the Covid-19 virus, the process has greatly tested the regular lives of many and caused income loss among the population. But these mandatory restrictions have reduced pollution from factories across the country. Therefore, considering the above factors, the current study explored the physical and chemical parameters of groundwater in the sand and its surrounding areas. Water samples were collected from the study site from 2019 to 2020. Water tests were collected at a depth of 2–4 m from the site. Water tests were broken down for different physical and joint parameters depending on the methods depicted in the APHA. Twenty different water samples were collected from the Buckingham Canal River and its tributaries. Electronic laboratory testing was carried out using standard procedures (APHA methods). Twenty different water samples were collected from the Buckingham Canal River and its tributaries. The T-Test electronics laboratory test was performed to understand the magnitude of the difference between salts, pH, heavy metals and TVC using standard procedures (APHA methods). In the end CO3 and TVC are not as significant as canal or groundwater.

Physico-Chemical Parameters and Health Risk Analysis of Groundwater Quality

Groundwater pollution is a very common problem worldwide, as it poses a serious threat to both the environment and the economic and social development and consequently generates several types of costs. The analysis of pollution control involves a permanent comparison between pollution costs and the costs associated with various methods of pollution reduction. An environmental policy based on economic instruments is more effective than an environmental policy focused on command and control tools. In this respect, the present paper provides a case study showing how anthropogenic factors such as wastewater, industrial, agricultural, and natural factors are able to change the physical and chemical parameters of groundwater in the study area, thus endangering their quality. In order to monitor the groundwater quality in the region of Dobrudja, an analysis of physico-chemical parameters was performed. The content of heavy metals was analyzed and the health risk index was taken into account and analyzed, in order to set a better correctness of the metal content from the underground waters. Studies on groundwater quality control have shown that, in many parts of the world, water has different degrees of quality depending on the natural and anthropogenic factors acting on the pertaining environment. This is why more attention should be paid to the prevention of groundwater pollution and the immediate remediation of accidents.

Application of irrigation and drinking water quality indices to monitor ground water quality using geographic information system: a case study of the basins around Urmia Lake, Iran

ABSTRACT Urmia Lake located in the north-west of Iran, is one of the largest hyper-saline lakes in the world. In this study, classification of groundwater of the eastern basin of Urmia Lake and the results of groundwater samples of the eastern basin of Urmia Lake that included physical and chemical parameters such as electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, HCO3 −, SO4 2− and SAR were analysed for drinking and agricultural purposes. Results show that the use of GIS and water quality index could provide a very useful and efficient tool for the management of water resources. According to the DWQI, 56% samples were classified as good in Ajabsheir, 33% samples were classified as good in Azarshahr, 38% samples were classified as excellent in Oskou, 30% samples were classified as good in shabstar. Based on the results of the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), over 70% of samples were the ‘High restriction’ category in Ajabsheir, 60% of samples were the ‘Moderate restriction’ in Azarshahr. About 52% of samples were the ‘Severe restriction’ in Oskou, 70% of samples were the ‘High restriction’ category in Shabstar. Obtained results from this study indicate that the hydrological condition of groundwater is an important factor controlling the physical and chemical parameters in groundwater.

Joint response of chemistry and functional microbial community to oxygenation of the reductive confined aquifer

Oxygen can enter into reductive aquifer through natural and artificial processes. However, the joint response of groundwater chemistry and functional microbial communities to oxygenation is not well understood due to the gap between taxonomic and functional microbial composition. Here, two wells named CZK15 and CZK22 at the second confined aquifer in Central China were in situ aerated, and the chemical parameters of groundwater and microbial communities in bio-trapping sand sediment were analysed during aeration. The microbial metabolic functions related to C, N, S, Fe transformation were predicted by Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX) approach and some key functional genes, such as phe, nah, narG, and soxB were verified by the real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) method. The biomass was promoted, microbial diversity fluctuated, and microbial composition changed remarkably with aeration mainly constrained by reduction-oxidation (redox) variation and SO42− concentration. Among functional microbes, aerobic chemoheterotrophs including aromatic compound degraders (also especially for relative abundance of phe and some nah gene) and methylotrophs are dramatically enriched interpreting dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption and total organic carbon (TOC) decomposing in sediment. Whilst fermenters and methanogen expectedly decreased during aeration. Denitrifying microbes and narG gene relative abundance increased corresponding to the NO3− increase after aeration, while microbes for N2 fixation, ammonification, and nitrification decreased relating to the source of NH4+. The sulfide oxidation causing increased SO42− was reflected by the blooming of sulfur-oxidizing microbes and soxB gene. Some sulfate reducers persisted in sediment after aeration due to sufficient SO42− as substrate. Fe(II) was mainly chemically oxidized as iron-oxidizing microbes were of low abundance and tended to decrease with aeration. The iron-reducing bacteria Geobacteraceae increased with aeration corresponding to the increased Fe(III) oxides formation. The findings of this study could have important implications in understanding the biogeochemical behaviours with cyclic redox conditions.

Analysis of ground water quality by using physico-chemical parameters at QIS educational institutions, ongole, andhra pradesh

The main objective of this study is to analyze the quality of various physical and chemical parameters of ground water from a well, which is selected as a source of water supply for QIS Educational Institutions, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh. So, it is necessary to assess the quality of water of the source. For this assessment, a sample of water was collected and analyzed at the Environmental Engineering lab at QISIT. The quality of the sample estimated with various important physicochemical parameters like acidity, alkalinity, pH, chlorides concentration, hardness, total solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Electrical Conductivity, temperature and fluorides concentration during pre-monsoon and post monsoon periods. The results were compared with WHO and IS recommendations of drinking water standards and then concluded that the water is safe for drinking during the periods post-monsoon and pre-monsoon.

Water, Sanitation and its Impact on Environment and Human Being – A Case Study

Abstract The present study was carried out to assess the drinking water quality, hygiene and human health existing in the city of Jodhpur. About 89.8% of houses use household drinking water from supply, and the remaining 10.2% houses depend on public taps or other water sources. Similar results for sanitation and hygiene observed as 97% of houses did not have any garbage disposal facility and in all 10.6% did not have easy access to a sanitary facility. The results of physical and chemical parameters of ground water were above the drinking water standards, whereas in the case of household drinking water were within standard limits. The presence of total coliform, faecal coliform and faecal streptococci were showing water contamination which may be the cause of significant prevalence 5.0% (p &lt; 0.001) of gastrointestinal infections.

Season-induced variation in water table depth and selected chemical parameters of groundwater in Lagos Coastal Plain Sand Aquifer, Nigeria

In-situ measurement of depth to aquifer and water table was undertaken in 45 protected dug wells over two seasons. Samples were also analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Cl, K, HCO 3 , CO 3 , SO 4 , Mg, K, and Na using universally accepted laboratory techniques. The study was aimed at examining seasonal variations in the chemistry of groundwater in the Lagos Coastal Plain Sand aquifer and its potability using the WHO standards. The study area covered parts of the Lagos Metropolis and the entire settlements of Ikorodu, Epe, and Badagry. The sample locations were mapped with ArcMap 9.3 software while the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired sample T-test, correlation and multivariate statistical techniques using SPSS software 17.0 version. The result shows that about 60% of the samples had pH below the WHO minimum standard of 6.5 in both the dry and wet seasons. Mean EC and TDS levels were excessively high at Igando in both seasons. Some major ions, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, and chloride exceeded the WHO limit at Oko-Oba, Ilogbo, Shomolu and Shogunle in the dry season. They were also excessively high in the wet season at Igando, Oko-Oba, Odo-Onosa, Ilogbo, Shomolu, and Shogunle. Correlation analysis shows that a significant relationship exists between the parameters at p<0.05 with the exception of Mg 2+ and K + in both seasons. The result of the paired sample T-test also shows significant variations among pH, Ca 2+ , HCO 3 - and Mg 2+ with higher mean values in the dry than the wet season except for pH. Factor analysis identified salinity and anthropogenic activities as the two major sources of pollution. These account for about 74.48% and 84.21% of the total variances in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Consequently, protection of the recharge areas of the aquifer from environmental pollution and formulation and enforcement of appropriate policies that will stem the rate of indiscriminate groundwater exploitation and prevention of saline water intrusion in the coastal settlements are recommended. Keywords: Aquifer; Coastal Plain Sand; Groundwater; Lagos; Seasonal variations, Water quality parameters

Analysing water-borne diseases susceptibility in Kolkata Municipal Corporation using WQI and GIS based Kriging interpolation

The varieties of water-borne disease are caused by pathogens transmitted and spread by different routes. The spread of such infection increases while the water quality affected by external sources. Changes in the quality of water can influence the dynamics of microbial pathogens which can also influence the prevalence and transmission dynamics of water-borne diseases. The present study highlighted on selected chemical parameters of ground water to signify the water quality index and mapping of water-borne diseases susceptibility areas in Kolkata Municipal Corporation, India. The main objective of present study was to demonstrate the significance of geographical information system based Geostatistical technique for identifying water-borne diseases susceptibility by taking different ground water parameters, water quality index and reported water-borne diseases into consideration. Using Kriging interpolation, the spatial map of water parameters, water quality index and reported disease cases were prepared and reclassified by putting risk rank to generate susceptibility map of water-borne diseases. The accuracy of the result was assessed through error estimation and spatial autocorrelation. The result from error estimation, it was found that the root mean square error between diseases susceptibility and selected chemical parameters, water quality index and reported water-borne diseases are 0.0847, 0.1182 and 0.0640 respectively which is always < 1. The correlation of diseases susceptibility with chemical parameters has resulted highly positive (r2 = 0.97) and with water quality index has also resulted positive (r2 = 0.82). The study result also suggests the applicability of geographical information system in other types of diseases susceptibility analysis by setting proper objectives and selecting suitable study criteria with spatial justification.

Hydrogeoseismological Research in Kamchatka: 1977–2017

This paper is concerned with the main stages in the setting-up and technical development of a system specializing in physical and chemical parameters of groundwater at a network of wells and springs in the Petropavlovsk Geodynamic Test Area, Kamchatka. The focus is on a description of hydrogeochemical and hydrogeodynamic precursors to Kamchatka earthquakes (Мw = 6.6‒7.8) that occur a few weeks to a few months before a seismic event, manifesting themselves in anomalous changes in chemical composition and groundwater level. The precursors are discussed in application to their use at specialized councils on earthquake prediction. It is shown that the system of automated observation of groundwater parameters at wells as developed at the Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KB GS RAS) is capable of identifying hydrogeodynamic precursors of water-level in near real time and of providing, in some particular cases, quantitative estimates of pre-seismic and coseismic deformation of water-saturated rocks. This can be useful in geophysical monitoring and intermediate-term prediction of strong earthquakes for the Kamchatka region.

Hydrogeoseismological Research in Kamchatka: 1977–2017

This paper is concerned with the main stages in the setting-up and technical development of a system specializing in physical and chemical parameters of groundwater at a network of wells and springs in the Petropavlovsk Geodynamic Test Area, Kamchatka. The focus is on a description of hydrogeochemical and hydrogeodynamic precursors to Kamchatka earthquakes (Мw = 6.6‒7.8) that occur a few weeks to a few months before a seismic event, manifesting themselves in anomalous changes in chemical composition and groundwater level. The precursors are discussed in application to their use at specialized councils on earthquake prediction. It is shown that the system of automated observation of groundwater parameters at wells as developed at the Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KB GS RAS) is capable of identifying hydrogeodynamic precursors of water-level in near real time and of providing, in some particular cases, quantitative estimates of pre-seismic and coseismic deformation of water-saturated rocks. This can be useful in geophysical monitoring and intermediate-term prediction of strong earthquakes for the Kamchatka region.

Hydrogeoseismological Research in Kamchatka: 1977–2017

This paper is concerned with the main stages in the setting-up and technical development of a system specializing in physical and chemical parameters of groundwater at a network of wells and springs in the Petropavlovsk Geodynamic Test Area, Kamchatka. The focus is on a description of hydrogeochemical and hydrogeodynamic precursors to Kamchatka earthquakes (Мw = 6.6–7.8) that occur a few weeks to a few months before a seismic event, manifesting themselves in anomalous changes in chemical composition and groundwater level. The precursors are discussed in application to their use at specialized councils on earthquake prediction. It is shown that the system of automated observation of groundwater parameters at wells as developed at the Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KB GS RAS) is capable of identifying hydrogeodynamic precursors of water level in near real time and of providing, in some particular cases, quantitative estimates of pre-seismic and coseismic of deformation in water-saturated rocks. This can be useful in geophysical monitoring and intermediate-term prediction of strong earthquakes for the Kamchatka region.