Materials Science Research Articles

Novel Drug Delivery Systems: An Important Direction for Drug Innovation Research and Development.

The escalating demand for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced adverse effects in the pharmaceutical domain has catalyzed a new frontier of innovation and research in the field of pharmacy: novel drug delivery systems. These systems are designed to address the limitations of conventional drug administration, such as abbreviated half-life, inadequate targeting, low solubility, and bioavailability. As the disciplines of pharmacy, materials science, and biomedicine continue to advance and converge, the development of efficient and safe drug delivery systems, including biopharmaceutical formulations, has garnered significant attention both domestically and internationally. This article presents an overview of the latest advancements in drug delivery systems, categorized into four primary areas: carrier-based and coupling-based targeted drug delivery systems, intelligent drug delivery systems, and drug delivery devices, based on their main objectives and methodologies. Additionally, it critically analyzes the technological bottlenecks, current research challenges, and future trends in the application of novel drug delivery systems.

Unveiling Core-Shell Structure Formation in a Ni3Fe Nanoparticle with In Situ Multi-Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging.

Solid-state reactions play a key role in materials science. The evolution of the structure of a single 350 nm Ni3Fe nanoparticle, i.e., its morphology (facets) as well as its deformation field, has been followed by applying multireflection Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Through this approach, we unveiled a demixing process that occurs at high temperatures (600 °C) under an Ar atmosphere. This process leads to the gradual emergence of a highly strained core-shell structure, distinguished by two distinct lattice parameters with a difference of 0.4%. Concurrently, this transformation causes the facets to vanish, ultimately yielding a rounded core-shell nanoparticle. This final structure comprises a Ni3Fe core surrounded by a 40 nm Ni-rich outer shell due to preferential iron oxidation. Providing in situ 3D imaging of the lattice parameters at the nanometer scale while varying the temperature, this study─with the support of atomistic simulations─not only showcases the power of in situ multireflection BCDI but also provides valuable insights into the mechanisms at work during a solid-state reaction characterized by a core-shell transition.

Potential of 3D Printing for Heat Exchanger Heat Transfer Optimization—Sustainability Perspective

In just a few short years, the additive manufacturing (AM) technology known as 3D printing has experienced intense growth from a niche technology to a disruptive innovation that has captured the imagination of mainstream manufacturers and hobbyists alike. The purpose of this article is to introduce the use of 3D printing for specific applications, materials, and manufacturing processes that help to optimize heat transfer in heat exchangers, with an emphasis on sustainability. The ability to create complex geometries, customize designs, and use advanced materials provides opportunities for more efficient and stable heat transfer solutions. One of the key benefits of incremental technology is the potential reduction in material waste compared to traditional manufacturing methods. By optimizing the design and structure of heat transfer components, 3D printing enables lighter yet more efficient solutions and systems. The localized manufacturing of components, which reduces the need for intensive transportation and associated carbon emissions, can lead to reduced energy consumption and improved overall efficiency. The customization and flexibility of 3D printing enables the integration of heat transfer components into renewable energy systems. This article presents the key challenges to be addressed and the fundamental research needed to realize the full potential of incremental manufacturing technologies to optimize heat transfer in heat exchangers. It also presents a critical discussion and outlook for solving global energy challenges through innovative incremental manufacturing technologies in the heat exchanger sector.

Multiscale Modeling of Physical Properties of Nanoporous Frameworks: Predicting Mechanical, Thermal, and Adsorption Behavior.

ConspectusNanoporous frameworks are a large and diverse family of supramolecular materials, whose chemical building units (organic, inorganic, or both) are assembled into a 3D architecture with well-defined connectivity and topology, featuring intrinsic porosity. These materials play a key role in various industrial processes and applications, such as energy production and conversion, fluid separation, gas storage, water harvesting, and many more. The performance and suitability of nanoporous materials for each specific application are directly related to both their physical and chemical properties, and their determination is crucial for process engineering and optimization of performances. In this Account, we focus on some recent developments in the multiscale modeling of physical properties of nanoporous frameworks, highlighting the latest advances in three specific areas: mechanical properties, thermal properties, and adsorption.In the study of the mechanical behavior of nanoporous materials, the past few years have seen a rapid acceleration of research. For example, computational resources have been pooled to create a public large-scale database of elastic constants as part of the Materials Project initiative to accelerate innovation in materials research: those can serve as a basis for data-based discovery of materials with targeted properties, as well as the training of machine learning predictor models.The large-scale prediction of thermal behavior, in comparison, is not yet routinely performed at such a large scale. Tentative databases have been assembled at the DFT level on specific families of materials, such as zeolites, but prediction at larger scale currently requires the use of transferable classical force fields, whose accuracy can be limited.Finally, adsorption is naturally one of the most studied physical properties of nanoporous frameworks, as fluid separation or storage is often the primary target for these materials. We highlight the recent achievements and open challenges for adsorption prediction at a large scale, focusing in particular on the accuracy of computational models and the reliability of comparisons with experimental data available. We detail some recent methodological improvements in the prediction of adsorption-related properties: in particular, we describe the recent research efforts to go beyond the study of thermodynamic quantities (uptake, adsorption enthalpy, and thermodynamic selectivity) and predict transport properties using data-based methods and high-throughput computational schemes. Finally, we stress the importance of data-based methods of addressing all sources of uncertainty.The Account concludes with some perspectives about the latest developments and open questions in data-based approaches and the integration of computational and experimental data together in the materials discovery loop.

Unimart: OLX for College Students

Unimart is an innovative project designed to address the ever-growing demand among university students for an efficient and collaborative platform to exchange study materials and related academic resources. In today's digital age, students are constantly seeking ways to enhance their learning experiences and expand their educational horizons. Unimart steps in as the solution, providing a dynamic online marketplace where students can freely and securely share textbooks, lecture notes, research materials, and various academic essentials. This platform seeks to foster a sense of community among students by promoting the exchange of knowledge, making education more accessible, affordable, and sustainable. By offering a user-friendly and organized interface, Unimart empowers students to connect with peers from diverse academic backgrounds, facilitating a peer-to-peer ecosystem that fosters collaborative learning and resource sharing. As a catalyst for academic success and community building, Unimart is poised to revolutionize how university students interact with their academic surroundings. This project promises to empower students by promoting collaboration.

Capital as an economic category. Elements of capital as accounting objects

Subject. This article examines the category of Capital in its various manifestations, the classification of its types, and the characteristics of capital components as accounting objects. Objectives. The article aims to assess the meaning and role of the category of Capital in economic, financial and accounting aspects, substantiate the importance of understanding the content of capital elements as accounting objects in order to improve the quality of accounting and information support of the organization's management system. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of information retrieval, simulation of situations, analysis and synthesis. Results. Based on the study and generalization of historical and modern approaches to substantiating the category of Capital, the article describes the multifaceted nature of this category, evaluates the content of individual elements of capital, and offers recommendations for the classification of capital in its various manifestations in order to form information in the accounting system and accounting (financial) statements. Conclusions and Relevance. The application of the research results in the educational process and practical activities will contribute to the most thorough and deep understanding of the category of Capital, its complexity and versatility. This can help reflect information on capital in accounting (financial) statements in a more correct way, assess the amount of capital and calculate indicators related to it when analyzing the economic activities of economic entities. All this together will affect the quality of management decisions of the organization's management system. The research materials can be used for the study and teaching of accounting disciplines, as well as in the practical activities of specialists in the field of accounting and finance.

Properties and Microstructure of a Cement-Based Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Grouting Material

Cement grout is traditionally used for treating water leakage distress in tunnels. However, traditional cement grout has the disadvantages of a poor anti-seepage performance, long setting time, and slow strength gain. To this end, a high-performance cement-based capillary crystalline waterproofing (CCCW) grouting material was synthesized using cement, capillary crystalline material, and several admixtures. The influences of the material proportions on the viscosity, bleeding rate, and setting time of the fresh grout, as well as the permeability coefficient of the grouted aggregate and the unconfined compression strength of the hardened grout material, were systematically studied. The mineralogy and microstructure of the CCCW grouting material were examined using X-ray diffraction, industrial computed tomography, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the capillary crystalline material PNC803 was not suitable for mixing with bentonite, sodium chloride, and triethanolamine in cementitious slurries, but it can produce excellent synergistic effects with sulfate, calcium chloride, and triisopropanolamine. An analysis of the microstructure of the CCCW grouting material showed that the PNC803 and additives can promote the hydration of cement, which yields more hydration products, sealing water passage and filling micro voids and therefore leading to enhanced waterproofing and strengthening effects. These research results could improve the applicability of CCCW material in tunnel engineering.

Implementation of the Responsibilities of Land Deed Making Officials in Requesting Proof of BPHTB Payment and Reporting BPHTB Taxes to the Regional Revenue Agency (Central Lombok District Study)

BPHTB is part of the tax payable in every transaction to acquire land and building rights. In Law Number 1/2022 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies, Regencies/Cities are given the authority to collect 11 types of Regional Taxes, including BPHTB. The conditions for collecting these 11 types of Regional Tax are unique in practice, where in collecting BPHTB tax, BAPENDA chooses to hold a team meeting to determine the value of the tax object, while PPAT feels that it is ineffective and inefficient when determining the value of BPHTB tax (Land Rights Acquisition Fee). carried out through team meetings, therefore it is necessary to review the Articles and Regulations related to regional taxes and levies, so that the BPHTB tax value is no longer carried out based on team meetings, this is one of the causal factors If PPAT does not report BPHTB to BAPENDA, if PPAT does not report every 10th of every month, it will be considered as not reporting for a year, and BAPENDA as the regional government will impose sanctions on the PPAT in the form of administrative sanctions, namely paying a fine of Rp. 10,000,000, through empirical normative research and interpretation of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, it can be concluded that there is a misconception between the Notary/PPAT and BAPENDA Central Lombok, where this administrative sanction has been in effect since 16 July 2023 which is contained in article 60 PP 35/2023, which requires PPAT to carry out BPHTB tax reporting.

Unveiling the Role of Cationic Pyridine Sites in Covalent Triazine Framework for Boosting Zinc-Iodine Batteries Performance.

Rechargeable Zinc-iodine batteries (ZIBs) are gaining attention as energy storage devices due to their high energy density, low-cost, and inherent safety. However, poor cycling performance of these batteries always arise from the severe leakage and shuttle effect of polyiodides (I3 - and I5 -). Herein, a novel cationic pyridine-rich covalent triazine framework (CCTF-TPMB) is developed to capture and confine iodine (I2) species via strong electrostatic interaction, making it an attractive host for I2 in ZIBs. The as-fabricated ZIBs with I2 loaded CCTF-TPMB (I2@CCTF-TPMB) cathode achieve a large specific capacity of 243 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and an exceptionally stable cyclic performance, retaining 93.9% of its capacity over 30, 000 cycles at 5 A g-1. The excellent electrochemical performance of the ZIBs can be attributed to the pyridine-rich cationic sites of CCTF-TPMB, which effectively suppress the leakage and shuttle of polyiodides, while also accelerating conversion reaction of I2 species. Combined in situ Raman and Ultraviolet-Visible analysis, along with theoretical calculations, clearly reveal the critical role played by pyridine-rich cationic sites in boosting the ZIBs performances. This work opens up a promising pathway for designing advanced I2 cathode materials toward next-generation ZIBs and beyond. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

РАЗВИТИЕ ВЗГЛЯДОВ НА СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ В ДРЕВНЕКИТАЙСКОЙ ИДЕОЛОГИИ КОНФУЦИАНСТВА

Based on the research of two Confucian scholars of the ancient Chinese school of management thought, Confucius and Meng-tzu, this work provides an academic analysis and a general description of their work, discusses the differences between different types of management thought in order to clarify the principles of management described in it, and finally, the causes and factors leading to the development of and the change of managerial thought, which can be used as a reference material for research by students studying management, and it has a certain reference value for the development of a strategic view of human resource management of the ancient Chinese school of management thought.

Interplay of altermagnetism and weak ferromagnetism in two-dimensional RuF4

Abstract Gaining growing attention in spintronics is a class of magnets displaying zero net magnetization and spin-split electronic bands called alter magnets. Here, by combining density functional theory and symmetry analysis, we show that RuF4 monolayer is a two-dimensional d-wave altermagnet. Spin-orbit coupling leads to pronounced spin splitting of the electronic bands at the Γ point by ∼100 meV and turns the RuF4 into a weak ferromagnet due to nontrivial spin-momentum locking that cants the Ru magnetic moments. The net magnetic moment scales linearly with the spin-orbit coupling strength. Using group theory we derive an effective spin Hamiltonian capturing the spin-splitting and spin-momentum locking of the electronic bands. Disentanglement of the altermagnetic and spin-orbit coupling induced spin splitting uncovers to which extent the altermagnetic properties are affected by the spin-orbit coupling. Our results move the spotlight to the nontrivial spin-momentum locking and weak ferromagnetism in the two-dimensional altermagnets relevant for novel venues in this emerging field of material science research.

Framework for the Generation of 3D Fiber Composite Structures from 2D Observations

AbstractSynthetic generation of realistic materials for testing of process–structure–property (PSP) relationships in computational materials science has gained significant traction over the past two decades. Generation tools continue to lag in some aspects of realism, leading to uncertainty and errors in simulating material response. The experimental collection of information to guide generation of 3D synthetic structures remains costly, time consuming, and challenging. These challenges are compounded by limitations of stereology, which permits estimation of 3D microstructural statistics from 2D observations under restrictive assumptions on constituent morphologies and size distributions and can be difficult to apply to microstructure metrics like constituent orientation distribution and clustering. This work seeks to overcome these challenges by introducing a framework for learning probable 3D microstructure statistics by minimizing the loss determined by matching statistics obtained from 2D observations via synthetic microstructure generation software (e.g. Dream.3D) and stereological principles. This framework is applied to short carbon fiber composite structures printed from an additive manufacturing process, Direct Ink Writing, with the hope that the framework could generalize to other particulate structures as well as allow for simulation and design of materials structure.

Influence of O-H···Pt interactions on photoluminescent response in the (Bu4N)2{[Pt(bph)(CN)2][phenylene-1,4-diresorcinol]} framework.

Tunable photoluminescence (PL) is one of the hot topics in current materials science, and research performed on the molecular phases is at the forefront of this field. We present the new (Et4N)2[PtII(bph)(CN)2]·rez3·1/3H2O (Pt2rez3) (bph = biphenyl-2,2'-diyl; rez3 = 3,3",5,5"-tetrahydroxy-1,1':4',1"-terphenyl,phenylene-1,4-diresorcinol coformer, a linear quaternary hydrogen bond donor) co-crystal salt based on the recently appointed promising [PtII(bph)(CN)2]2- luminophore. Within the extended hydrogen-bonded subnetwork [PtII(bph)(CN)2]2- complexes and rez3 coformer molecules form two types of contacts: the rez3O-H···Ncomplex ones in the equatorial plane of the complex and non-typical rez3O-H···Pt ones along its axial direction. The combined structural, PL, and DFT approach distinguished the rez3O-H···Pt synthons to promote the noticeable uniform redshift of bph ligand centered (LC) emission compared to the LC emission of (Et4N)2[PtII(bph)(CN)2]·H2O (Pt2) precursor owing to the direct interference of the phenol group into the PtII-bph orbital system via altering the CT processes. The high-resolution emission spectra for Pt2 and Pt2rez3 were successfully reproduced at 77 K by using the Franck-Cordon expressions. The possibility to tune PL properties along the plausible continuum of rez3O-H···Pt synthons is indicated, considering various scenarios of molecular occupation of the space above and below the complex plane.

A template wizard for the cocreation of machine-readable data-reporting to harmonize the evaluation of (nano)materials.

Making research data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) is typically hampered by a lack of skills in technical aspects of data management by data generators and a lack of resources. We developed a Template Wizard for researchers to easily create templates suitable for consistently capturing data and metadata from their experiments. The templates are easy to use and enable the compilation of machine-readable metadata to accompany data generation and align them to existing community standards and databases, such as eNanoMapper, streamlining the adoption of the FAIR principles. These templates are citable objects and are available as online tools. The Template Wizard is designed to be user friendly and facilitates using and reusing existing templates for new projects or project extensions. The wizard is accompanied by an online template validator, which allows self-evaluation of the template (to ensure mapping to the data schema and machine readability of the captured data) and transformation by an open-source parser into machine-readable formats, compliant with the FAIR principles. The templates are based on extensive collective experience in nanosafety data collection and include over 60 harmonized data entry templates for physicochemical characterization and hazard assessment (cell viability, genotoxicity, environmental organism dose-response tests, omics), as well as exposure and release studies. The templates are generalizable across fields and have already been extended and adapted for microplastics and advanced materials research. The harmonized templates improve the reliability of interlaboratory comparisons, data reuse and meta-analyses and can facilitate the safety evaluation and regulation process for (nano) materials.

Comparative Study on Solvothermal and Sonochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials and Unraveling the Efficacy in Sunscreen Formulations for Enhanced UV Protection

AbstractAs the demand for highly efficient UV‐protective sunscreens continues to rise, the exploration of advanced materials becomes imperative. This paper introduces a novel approach to synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials through one‐step solvothermal (ZnO−A) and sonochemical (ZnO−B) methods, eliminating the need for stabilizers or capping agents. The materials have undergone rigorous characterization, focusing on structural and optical properties, and are subsequently evaluated for their UV shielding efficacy. The synthesized ZnO nanomaterials are seamlessly incorporated into a pure cream matrix at varying concentrations (5, 10 and 15 wt. %), offering a versatile application for skin protection against UVA/UVB irradiation. Remarkably, the cream with 15 wt. % ZnO−A emerges as a standout performer, demonstrating immense UV blocking efficacy with 96.44 % for UVA and 97.22 % for UVB. The in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) value of 30.76 further underscores its exceptional performance. This research not only establishes a comprehensive comparative analysis of ZnO−A and ZnO−B nanomaterials but also emphasizes their potential as active ingredients in next‐generation skin care sunscreen formulations. The findings contribute to the ongoing efforts in advancing UV protection technologies, addressing both efficacy and safety considerations.

Synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight homo- and copolymers via an ultrasonic emulsion process with a fast rate

In the forefront of advanced materials, ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polymers, renowned for their outstanding mechanical properties, have found extensive applications across various domains. However, their production has encountered a significant challenge: the attainment of UHMW polymers with a low dispersity (Ɖ). Herein, we introduce the pioneering technique of ultrasound (US) initiated polymerization, which has garnered attention for its capability to successfully polymerize a multitude of monomers. This study showcases the synthesis of UHMW polymers with a comparatively low Ɖ ( ≤ 1.1) within a remarkably short duration ( ~ 15 min) through the amalgamation of emulsion polymerization and high-frequency ultrasound-initiated polymerization. Particularly noteworthy is the successful copolymerization of diverse monomers, surpassing the molecular weight and further narrowing the Ɖ compared to their respective homopolymers. Notably, this includes monomers like vinyl acetate, traditionally deemed unsuitable for controlled polymerization. The consistent production and uniform dispersion of radicals during ultrasonication have been identified as key factors facilitating the swift fabrication of UHMW polymers with exceptionally low Ɖ.

Magnon-mediated topological superconductivity in a quantum wire

Many emergent phases of matter stem from the intertwined dynamics of quasiparticles. Here we show that a topological superconducting phase emerges as the result of interactions between electrons and magnons in a quantum wire and a helical magnet. The magnon-mediated interaction favors triplet superconductivity over a large magnetic phase space region, and stabilizes topological superconductivity over an extended region of chemical potentials. The superconducting gap depends exponentially on the spin-electron coupling, allowing it to be enhanced through material engineering techniques. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Mechanisms of Concept Verbalization in the Ethnolinguistic Context.

This article investigates the verbalization mechanisms of the 'family' concept within the Kazakh, Russian, and English linguistic cultures. The research aims to examine the verbal representation mechanisms of the 'family' concept within the linguistic worldviews of the aforementioned cultures. The research material comprises dictionary definitions of the primary lexemes as presented in explanatory dictionaries and synonym dictionaries, proverbs and sayings, phraseological units, and data derived from an associative experiment. The employed analysis methods include component analysis, the descriptive method, the experimental method (psycholinguistic experiment), and the statistical method. This article furnishes a thorough analysis of the linguistic representation methods of the 'family' concept, illuminating its intricate and multidimensional nature. The authors endeavored to identify the concept's structure and describe linguistic units via the interpretation of semantic components. Based on the data procured from the psycholinguistic experiment, the components and layers of the 'family' concept, identified during the analysis, substantiate the theory that this concept plays a fundamental role in the shaping of society and individuals.

Поэтика вещи в героическом эпосе «Джангар»

Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of the poetics of things in the epic tradition of “Dzhangar” of the Kalmyks of Russia and the Oirats of Xinjiang. The image of the world of things that surround the heroes of the epic serves not only as a material background, they (objects, things) are necessary for the actions of the character and the expression of his individuality. The research material is the texts of the epic songs of the Xinjiang-Oirat and Kalmyk versions of “Dzhangar”. The purpose of the article is to consider the objective-material world in the heroic epic “Dzhangar”. Results. Consideration of the objective-material world in the Kalmyk and Xinjiang-Oirat versions of “Dzhangar” showed that in the lyrics a thing is one of the elements characterizing the image of a hero; in the depiction of an epic picture of the world, its heroes, characters, a thing acquires a symbolic meaning. The name of the epic country Bumba is associatively connected with a functioning object — a “treasure vessel”, the semantic field of which is its connecting link. The palace preserves the experience of the nomadic life of the Oirats and Kalmyks, their material way of life, as an objective reality of the epic space. The epic palace of Dzhangar, being a kind of field of attraction, gathers the heroic family at the banquet table, where the ruler of Bumba chooses the hero to go on a military campaign. The items of horse equipment and weapons of the hero in the epic “Dzhangar” are correlated with the objective realities with the help of which the hero moves in the epic space, undergoes difficult trials and achieves the goal of the military campaign. Things that are correlated with objects of material culture perform their main functions and are associated with the peculiarities of the worldview of the traditional culture of the Mongolian peoples.

Work Experience in Studying the Topic “Chemical Properties of Salt” in a Secondary School Chemistry Course

The school chemistry course contributes to formation of worldview ideas, thinking skills and creative abilities of students. To determine the content of the topic “Chemical properties of salts” in a chemistry course in high school. Research materials and methods: teacher shows demonstration experiments explaining the properties of salts, and invites students to write molecular, complete and abbreviated ionic equations for salt reactions. The solubility chart helps students to understand the course of substitution reactions that result in the formation of soluble salts. Finding out the influence of metals on salts, students conclude that metals which do not react with water displace metals on the right side of the order from solutions of their salts.