Chemical Impregnation Method Research Articles

Potato peel carbon dots produced via fixed bed pyrolysis reactor decorated 1-D TiO2 nanorods for rapid removal of methylene blue, Cr (VI), Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger

In this work, new type carbon quantum dots produced from waste of biomass were used as a dopant molecule in order to investigated photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanorods structures. Low-cost and eco-friendly carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were obtained via slow pyrolysis of potato peels (PP) as a biomass waste without any chemicals by fixed bed pyrolysis. Potato peel quantum dots (P-CQDs) decorated TiO2 nanorods (P-CQDs/TNRs) were synthesized were by utilizing their high specific surface area, good dispersion, abundant surface functional groups. (P-CQDs) were imposed on the surface of the one-dimensional TiO2 nanorods fabricated via chemical impregnation method for P-CQDs/TiO2 nanorods (P-CQDs/TNRs) that TiO2 nanorods have been fabricated by hydrothermal route. Characteristic properties of as-prepared P-CQDs/TNRs photocatalysts were characterized employing TGA, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM/EDS, HRTEM, FTIR, fluorescence and UV–vis spectroscopy, resp. The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared P-CQDs/TNRs were investigated for methylene blue, hexavalent chromium, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger under UV-A. The obtained results suggest that the photocatalytic activity of P-CQDs/TNRs composites was slightly enhanced as compared to that of TNRs. The scenario behind the superior photocatalytic activity of P-CQDs/TNRs may be having a synergetic effect between P-CQDs molecules and the surface of TNRs, and also the design of the charge-transfer channel of TNRs. Moreover, the carbon derived from a natural green source possesses the various functional groups such as CC, C-OH, C-O-C, CO, and when these functional groups deposited to the surface of the TiO2 nanorods, newly formed nanocomposites can improve the visible light-driven photocatalytic activity.

Cu nanowire – impregnated activated carbon fiber for antibacterial applications

Metal nanowires are a 1D structure possessing distinct properties suitable for diverse applications. Copper nanowires (Cu NW) have garnered attention in recent times, particularly as an antibacterial material. Nevertheless, their utilization as a bandage or dressing material necessitates a suitable support, an aspect that remains largely unexplored. In this study, we have developed activated carbon fiber (ACF)-supported Cu NW using the chemical reduction and wet impregnation methods. Tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, Cu NW/ACF exhibits 83 - 86% reduction in the bacterial growth. The improved antibacterial activity of the material is attributed to the relatively slow release of Cu ions from Cu NW, attributed to the Kelvin effect. Biocompatibility test confirms less than 1.5% hemolysis of erythrocytes, indicating the potential application of the composite as a bandage or dressing material.

MgO Modified by X2, HX, or Alkyl Halide (X = Cl, Br, or I) Catalytic Systems and Their Activity in Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Acrolein into Allyl Alcohol.

A new type of catalyst containing magnesium oxide modified with various modifiers ranging from bromine and iodine, to interhalogen compounds, hydrohalogenic acids, and alkyl halides have been prepared using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and wet impregnation methods. The obtained systems were characterized using a number of methods: determination of the concentration of X- ions, surface area determination, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), surface acid-base strength measurements, TPD of probe molecules (acetonitrile, pivalonitrile, triethylamine, and n-butylamine), TPD-MS of reaction products of methyl iodide with MgO, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The catalysts' activity and chemoselectivity during transfer hydrogenation from ethanol to acrolein to allyl alcohol was measured. A significant increase in the activity of modified MgO (up to 80% conversion) in the transfer hydrogenation of acrolein was found, while maintaining high chemoselectivity (>90%) to allyl alcohol. As a general conclusion, it was shown that the modification of MgO results in the suppression of strong basic sites of the oxide, with a simultaneous appearance of Brønsted acidic sites on its surface. Independently, extensive research on the reaction progress of thirty alkyl halides with MgO was also performed in order to determine its ability to neutralize chlorinated wastes.

Study on the corrosion resistance of new reticulated organic polymerized film on copper foil surface

In response to the policy of energy saving and emission reduction, the field of new energy vehicles is booming, and along with it, the technical requirements for lithium-ion batteries are becoming more and more stringent. Electrolytic copper foil, as the anode collector material of lithium batteries, seriously affects the progress of lithium technology, and electrolytic copper foil with high corrosion and oxidation resistance is the key to ensuring its performance. Experimentally, the BTA-Si passivation film layer was constructed on the surface of electrolytic copper foil by compounding benzotriazole (BTA) and silane coupling agent (JH-M902) with an easy-to-operate chemical impregnation method. The results of electrochemical analysis and characterization showed that JH-M902 hydrolyzed to produce Si-OH and then dehydrated and polymerized with Cu-OH to form Si-O-Cu or partially dehydrated and polymerized with each other to form Si-O-Si, which formed an intertwined organic reticulation film on the electrolytic copper foil. At the same time, BTA and copper oxides form a BTA-Cu complex, which is adsorbed and perpendicular to the copper foil. The combination of the two can not only make up for the gap in the organic mesh layer but also anchor the mesh layer, thus inhibiting its desorption in harsh external environments. Immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl, the self-corrosion current density (icorr) of BTA-Si passivation film is only 1.115 × 10−7 A/cm2, and the corrosion inhibition rate as high as 99.56 %, which is far better than that of the single BTA and Si passivation film. In addition, the BTA-Si passivation film is smooth, dense, and thin, which significantly improves the corrosion resistance of copper foil without changing its original structure.

Construction of g-C3N4/SnSe2/H-TiO2 Ternary Heterojunction for High-Performance Photodetectors

Two-dimensional layered materials have been widely used in the field of photodetectors because of their unique photoelectric properties. Among them, the multi-heterojunction based on two-dimensional materials with high carrier separation efficiency is expected to be designed as a high-performance photodetector (PD). This work focuses on the fabrication of g-C3N4/SnSe2/H-TiO2 ternary heterojunctions for photodetectors, obtained by depositing SnSe2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets onto TiO2 nanotube arrays using chemical vapor deposition and impregnation methods, respectively. The formation of the g-C3N4/SnSe2/H-TiO2 ternary heterojunction enhances and broadens absorption in the ultraviolet-visible range. Photoelectrochemical measurements have confirmed that the fabricated g-C3N4/SnSe2/H-TiO2 ternary heterojunction photodetector exhibits remarkable light detection capabilities at 370, 450, and 520 nm, meaning broadband photodetection behavior. Notably, under light illumination of 370 nm wavelength, it demonstrates a high responsivity of 2.742 A W−1, an impressive detectivity of 5.84 × 1010 Jones, an external quantum efficiency of 9.21 × 102 %, and excellent stability. This high performance can be attributed to the effective separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers within the ternary heterojunction, significantly enhancing the photoresponse. The construction of the novel broadband-responsive ternary g-C3N4/SnSe2/TiO2 heterojunction holds promise for driving the future development of wideband, high-performance, and highly integrated photodetectors.

Preparation and Study of Ti3C2Tx MXene–Deficient In Situ Anchored Fe−Co Alloy Nanoparticle Electrocatalyst for Hydrolysis and Hydrogenolysis

AbstractThe novel two–dimensional MXene material Ti3C2Tx has the advantages of a large specific surface area, adjustable band gap, good electrical conductivity, and high stability. However, the precipitation of hydrogen via electrolytic water splitting over Ti3C2Tx has unacceptably slow kinetics. In this paper, Co nanoparticles were incorporated on the Ti3C2TxMXene surface via electrostatic adsorption by utilizing the intrinsic MXene defects generated during the etching process. Next, a Fe−Co alloy structure was also constructed on the Ti3C2TxMXenesurface by wet chemical impregnation method using the principle of galvanic coupling substitution. The prepared catalyst had an overpotential of 118 mV at a current density of 10 mA‐cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 97.56 mV dec−1. The Fe−Co alloy structure accelerated the kinetic hydrogen precipitation step, and Fe−Co/Ti3C2Txshowed excellent stability when used in a water electrolysis process for 11 h. This work offers a promising strategy for the synthesis of intrinsically defective synthetic alloy MXene structures.

Preparation of Copper-Based Catalysts for Obtaining Methanol by the Chemical Impregnation Method.

This paper presents the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts for the direct hydrogenation process of CO2 to methanol. The development of the modern chemical industry is inextricably linked to the use of catalytic processes. As a result, currently over 80% of new technologies introduced in the chemical industry incorporate catalytic processes. Since the basic factor of catalytic processes is the catalysts, the studies for the deepening of the knowledge regarding the nature of the action of the catalysts, for the development of new catalysts and catalytic systems, as well as for their improvement, represent a research priority of a fundamental or applied nature. The Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst for the synthesis of green methanol, using precursors of an inorganic (copper nitrate, denoted by Cu/ZnO/Al2O3-1) and organic (copper acetate, denoted by Cu/ZnO/Al2O3-2) nature, are obtained by chemical impregnation that includes two stages: preparation and one of calcination. The preparation methods and conditions, as well as the physico-chemical properties of the catalyst precursor, play a major role in the behavior of the catalysts. The prepared catalysts were characterized using atomic adsorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, specific surface area and pore size analyses, adsorption, and the chemisorption of vapor (BET).

Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Silicate Phosphate Composite Passivation Film on Zinc Substrate by Simple Chemical Impregnation Method

Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Silicate Phosphate Composite Passivation Film on Zinc Substrate by Simple Chemical Impregnation Method

Bi nanoparticles modified the WO3/ZnWO4 heterojunction for photoelectrochemical water splitting

The novel ternary photoanode was successfully prepared by Bi nanoparticles (Bi NPs) modified on type II heterojunction of WO3-ZnWO4 using the simple and effective drop casting and chemical impregnation methods. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) experimental tests revealed that the photocurrent density of the ternary photoanode of WO3/ZnWO4(2)/Bi NPs reaches 3.0 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE), which is 6 times of the WO3 photoanode. The incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) at 380 nm wave length reaches 68%, which increases 2.8 times compared to WO3 photoanode. The observed enhancement can be attributed to the formation of type II heterojunction and modification of Bi NPs. The former broadens the absorption range for visible light and improves the carrier separation efficiency, while the latter enhances the light capture ability through the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Bi NPs and the generation of hot electrons.

Nanotubular g-C3N4 confining AuPd particle for the improved catalytic reactivity in hydrogen production from formic acid

Hydrogen is a promising energy vector that provides an alternative to carbon fuels. Catalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid is an efficient solution to produce hydrogen, as formic acid can store hydrogen economically. In this study, novel AuPd supported by nanotubular T-g-C3N4 was synthesized using a chemical wet impregnation and reduction method. The graphene, bulk B-g-C3N4, and nanosheet-like S-g-C3N4 were also employed as AuPd supports for comparison. It was observed that the AuPd nanoparticles on carbon nitrides have higher dispersion and activity than those on graphene, due to the anchoring and electron donation effects of nitrogen. The reactivity of AuPd nanocatalyst was related to the geometry of g-C3N4 support. The T-g-C3N4 possesses the lowest surface area, which induced the lower dispersion of supported AuPd, as compared to B-g-C3N4 and S-g-C3N4. However, the AuPd/T-g-C3N4 delivered the highest catalytic activity, attributed to the confinement effect of the nanotubular geometry.

Effect of Composite Impregnation on Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Recycled Aggregate Concrete

To improve the properties of recycled aggregate concrete, single and composite impregnation treatments were carried out on recycled coarse aggregates with sodium silicate solution, silane slurry, and polyvinyl alcohol solution. The effects of the three chemical modifiers and different impregnation methods on the apparent density, water absorption, and crushing index of recycled coarse aggregates, as well as the basic properties of recycled aggregate concrete, were investigated. Additionally, the microstructure of the surface of recycled coarse aggregate and the interior of recycled aggregate concrete were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show that the water absorption of recycled coarse aggregate soaked in polyvinyl alcohol solution decreases most significantly, reaching 64.56%. Only the combination of sodium silicate and silane impregnation produces a positive compounding effect, with a significant increase in the apparent density and a significant reduction in the crushing index of the recycled coarse aggregate. Compared with untreated concrete, the slump, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of recycled aggregate concrete prepared by sodium silicate and silane composite impregnation are increased by 9.8%, 26.53%, 21.70%, and 14.72%, respectively. The microstructure analysis shows that the composite impregnation treatment of sodium silicate and silane is most conducive to filling the cracks and holes on the surface of recycled coarse aggregate, which makes the interfacial transition zone of recycled aggregate concrete more compact and the structure more stable.

Noble metal modified (002)-oriented ZnO hollow spheres for the degradation of a broad range of pollutants

Zinc oxide hollow spheres were fabricated by applying sucrose-derived carbon spheres as templates that were eliminated through calcination. For this purpose, two synthesis methods were examined and compared, chemical impregnation and solvothermal method. The most suitable ZnO hollow structure was selected for noble metal deposition (Au and Pt at 1 wt%) to further increase the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity was examined by the decomposition of three different model pollutants (phenol, Na-ibuprofen and diuron) under UV irradiation. The as-synthesized hollow sphere structures and its noble metal composites were further examined by XRD, SEM, IR, DRS, PL. The templates did not modify the structure of ZnO only the morphology and contributed to the preservation of the original structure during calcination. The structural, optical and photocatalytic activity was correlated with both the application of carbon sphere template, and noble metal deposition respective their role in the improvement of the photocatalytic activity.

Design and fabrication superhydrophobic surface with enhanced mechanical durability: Interface bonding effects regulated by an introduced transition oxide layer

Electrodeposited surface with higher superhydrophobicity and durability was designed and fabricated by molecular dynamics simulation and experiment in order to further enhance the service performance of materials. The sample that was identified as [CH3(CH2)16COO]3Ce possessed a better superhydrophobicity with a contact angle up to 173° while the rolling angle reducing to 1.5°. The typical petallike microstructure with a size around 1.2 μm and the interlaced nanorods with a breadth around 56 nm together contributed to the reservation of air-pockets on the [CH3(CH2)16COO]3Ce surface, leading to the further improvement of superhydrophobicity. A transparent oxide film (thickness of 1.55 μm) was designed to promote surface durability through a facile chemical impregnation method. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that a higher adhesion at interface was mainly attributed to the Van der Waals forces between hydrogen elements on superhydrophobic surface and oxygen elements on oxide layer. Therefore, Al2O3 with higher surface oxygen density of 0.132/ Å2 became the ideal choice to improve the bonding strength at interface, which greatly improved the durability of cerous carboxylate surface. Subsequently, micro-scratch experiments and cyclic abrasion test verified that the durability of [CH3(CH2)16COO]3Ce surface on Al2O3 substrate was 49.7 % and 41.5% higher than that on Al substrate, respectively. The introduction of transition oxide layer can significantly improve the durability of superhydrophobic surfaces, demonstrating a great potential in practical application.

Enhanced Fe-bound phosphate availability by the combined use of Mg-modified biochar and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria

The formation of insoluble phosphate in soils and resulting overfertilization causes a large environmental risk. Although phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can solubilize Ca-bound phosphate well by acidification, they often have a low capacity to solubilize Fe-bound phosphate (Fe-P). In this study, a novel Mg-modified lignin biochar (MB) was prepared via the chemical impregnation method to improve the ability of PSB to dissolve FePO4. The results show that dissolved phosphate rapidly increased to approximately 0.9 mM over 3 days in the FePO4 + PSB + MB system. The system with MB was more effective to increase FePO4 dissolution by 17 times and increase the amount of organic acids production by 2 times than that without the MB. The characterization results indicated that the polymerization and rearrangement of FePO4 occurred when the FePO4 particles attached to the surface of the MB, resulting in the formation of Fe(III)2Fe(II)(P2O7)2 crystals on the surface of the MB. The Mg on the surface of the MB can induce the preferential orientation of the [210] crystal plane of the Fe(III)2Fe(II)(P2O7)2, which can be preferentially dissolved by PSB, causing an increase in Fe-P solubility. This study provides a new method for the development of insoluble phosphate solubilization technology to limit the overfertilization of soil and offers a clear understanding of the interactions among biochar, Fe-P, and PSB.

Solar Power Light‐Driven Improved Photocatalytic Action of Mg‐Doped CuO Nanomaterial Modified with Polyvinylalcohol

Sonochemical synthesis was used to create novel solar light active Mg‐doped CuO nanoparticles. Through a chemical impregnation method, the produced nanomaterial was changed with PVA (polyvinylalcohol). The optical properties, crystal structure, and surface morphologies of the synthesized nanomaterials were probed by UV‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis‐DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and BET specific surface area studies. The prepared nanomaterials were utilized for the photocatalytic destruction of methylene blue (MB). The photocatalytic activity of PVA‐modified Mg‐doped CuO nanocomposite is magnificent to CuO and Mg‐doped CuO nanomaterials. This is because of the remarkable electron‐hole dissociation and overwhelming increased photocatalytic activity achieved through surface modification. Additionally, the consequence of several reaction factors like pH, catalyst dosage, and MB concentration was deliberated. This research could lead to the development of polymer‐based metal oxide‐doped catalysts for the decomposition of organic contaminants in wastewater.

The effect of noble metal addition on the properties of oxide semiconductors nanoparticles

This work presents the preparation of W and V co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (W:TiO2 and W:V:TiO2) using laser pyrolysis technique subsequently modified with noble metals Pt or Pd using chemical impregnation method. By using well defined TiO2 nanoparticles, the enhancement of catalytic activity is expected mainly due to their higher surface area and density defects relative to bulk material. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the as-obtained nanopowders have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques. The phase composition analysis reveals the preponderance of anatase (95%) in addition to rutile phase, its particle average size ranging from 25 to 30 ​nm. The TiO2 based nanomaterials were supplementary modified by noble metals deposition (Pt particles with dimensions of 3–4 ​nm and spherical Pd crystallites with a diameter between 3 and 9 ​nm) and their photocatalytic activity was tested in oxidative photo degradation of CH3OH, under simulated solar light. The metal modified samples displayed higher specific surface areas (3–6 times) and improved photocatalytic properties, the W:V:TiO2@Pt material showing better conversion efficiency of CH3OH to CH2O than the reference Degussa P25 sample (1.54 versus 0.90%).

Iron Oxide (Fe3O4)-Supported SiO2 Magnetic Nanocomposites for Efficient Adsorption of Fluoride from Drinking Water: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Isotherm Analysis

This research work reports the magnetic adsorption of fluoride from drinking water through silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Chemical precipitation and wet impregnation methods were employed to synthesize the magnetic nanomaterials. Moreover, the synthesized nanomaterials were characterized for physicochemical properties through scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Screening studies were conducted to select the best iron oxide loading (0.0–1.5 wt%) and calcination temperature (300–500 °C). The best selected nanomaterial (0.5Fe-Si-500) showed a homogenous FeO distribution with a 23.79 nm crystallite size. Moreover, the optimized reaction parameters were: 10 min of contact time, 0.03 g L−1 adsorbent dose, and 10 mg L−1 fluoride (F−) concentration. Adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Qm and KF (the maximum adsorption capacities) values were 5.5991 mg g−1 and 1.869 L g−1 respectively. Furthermore, accelerated adsorption with shorter contact times and high adsorption capacity at working pH was among the outcomes of this research work.

Construction and characteristics of a novel green photocatalyst:iron (III) doped titania nanomesh

In this work, a green Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalyst was successfully synthesized on Ti mesh through the chemical impregnation and anodization method. The influence of sample Fe-content on the photocatalytic performance was investigated in detail. Ordered TiO2 nanomesh was compactly decorated with nanospheres to form a novel photocatalyst Fe-doped TiO2 with anatase phase. Simultaneously, it exhibits higher light absorption intensity compared to the pristine TiO2 within the visible light range, and its absorption peak has a redshift. The VSM results showed that the sample has excellent magnetic properties. It is hard to achieve magnetic agglomeration after magnetic field removal, which benefits the strong recyclability and reusability of Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalyst. Importantly, this higher visible-light photoresponse of TiO2 was clearly obtained after Fe doping. When the Fe-content was 0.6 wt%, the degradation rate of methylene blue reached 87.9% under simulated sunlight irradiation for 2.5 h. The prepared nanocrystalline photocatalyst demonstrated excellent photocatalysis because of its prominent crystal morphology, strengthen light-absorption capacity, and commendable inhibition recombination of photo-induced electron-hole.

Synthesis and Characterization of Potent and Safe Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Ag/TiO2/CS Nanohybrid against Mastitis Causing E. coli

To improve the efficacy of existing classes of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin), allow dose reduction, and minimize related toxicity, this study was executed because new target-oriented livestock antimicrobials are greatly needed to battle infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The present study aims to green synthesize a biocompatible nanohybrid of ciprofloxacin (CIP)-Ag/TiO2/chitosan (CS). Silver and titanium nanoparticles were green synthesized using Moringa concanensis leaves extract. The incorporation of silver (Ag) nanoparticles onto the surface of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) was done by the wet chemical impregnation method, while the encapsulation of chitosan (CS) around Ag/TiO2 conjugated with ciprofloxacin (CIP) was done by the ionic gelation method. The synthesized nanohybrid (CIP-Ag/TiO2/CS) was characterized using standard techniques. The antibacterial potential, killing kinetics, cytotoxicity, drug release profile, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical agglomerated nanoparticles (NPs) of Ag/TiO2 with particle sizes of 47–75 nm, and those of the CIP-Ag/TiO2/CS nanohybrid were in range of 20–80 nm. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) patterns of the hetero system transmitted diffraction peaks of anatase phase of TiO2 and centered cubic metallic Ag crystals. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the Ti-O-Ag linkage in the nanohybrid. The zeta potential of CIP-Ag/TiO2/CS nanohybrid was found (67.45 ± 1.8 mV), suggesting stable nanodispersion. The MIC of CIP-Ag/TiO2/CS was 0.0512 μg/mL, which is much lower than the reference value recorded by the global CLSI system (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute). The CIP-Ag/TiO2/CS nanohybrid was found to be effective against mastitis causing MDR E. coli; killing kinetics showed an excellent reduction of E. coli cells at 6 h of treatment. Flow cytometry further confirmed antibacterial potential by computing 67.87% late apoptosis feature at 6 h of treatment; antibiotic release kinetic revealed a sustained release of CIP. FESEM and TEM confirmed the structural damages in MDR E. coli (multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli). The CIP-Ag/TiO2/CS nanohybrid was found to be biocompatible, as more than 93.08% of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells remained viable. The results provide the biological backing for the development of nanohybrid antibiotics at a lower MIC value to treat infectious diseases of cattle and improve the efficacy of existing classes of antibiotics by conjugation with nanoparticles.

Influence of preparation method on microstructure and tribological behavior of C/C-BN composites

In this study, with 2.5D needle punched carbon felt as reinforcement, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was introduced through chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and slurry impregnation (SI) methods, and then pyrocarbon was deposited through CVI to convert the BN-containing preform into carbon fiber reinforced carbon-boron nitride binary matrix composites (C/C-BN). The microstructure and mechanical properties of C/C-BN(P) composites prepared by SI combined with CVI were compared with those of C/C-BN(CVI) composites prepared by CVI. The tribological behavior of C/C-BN(P) composites containing different contents of h-BN fillers and C/C-BN(CVI) composites with and without heat treatment was investigated by the ball-on-disk technique in dry sliding conditions using GCr15 steel balls and Si3N4 balls as sliding counterparts at two different sliding speeds (v = 0.2 and 0.8 m/s), and compared with the C/C composites used as a reference. C/C-BN(P) composites exhibit improved tribological behavior, which can be explained by the combined effect of SI and CVI on the microstructure and mechanical properties, leading to changes in the wear mechanism of the C/C-BN composites. The excellent reinforcement is attributed to the integrity structure of the C/C-BN(P), which can make the self-lubricating friction layer stably exist on the surface of the material and significantly reduce the friction coefficient and wear loss of the C/C-BN(P) composite. Furthermore, the mechanical and tribological properties of C/C-BN(P) composites can be adjusted by using different volume content of h-BN. The present work shows that C/C-BN(P) composites have wide application prospects as anti-friction and wear-resistant materials.