Chemical Engineering Department Research Articles

Preface

International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering (ICCME) 2018The 3rd International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering (ICCME) 2018 was held by the Department of Chemical Engineering - Universitas Diponegoro in conjunction with the 60th anniversary of Faculty of Engineering - Universitas Diponegoro. The event was conducted on September 19th 2018 in Grand Candi Hotel Semarang - Indonesia. This event was the continuation of the preceding conferences held in 2013 and 2015. The ICCME 2018 brought “Chemical and Material Engineering for Sustainable Foods, Energy, and Environment” as the grand theme. The objectives of this conference are:• To disseminate and develop the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions in the fields of chemical and material engineering.• To encourage international collaborations and joint ventures• To promote and facilitate the growth of scientific and technical development in the field of chemical and material engineering development in Indonesia and the Asia regionAlthough the organizing committee received a total of 115 abstract papers, the scientific committee decided that only 97 papers were eligible for oral presentations which came from Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan and Austria. In addition, 3 keynote and 3 invited speakers from abroad were presented during this conference. This special issue proceeding presents 76 papers selected from the presented papers after being thoroughly peer reviewed.List of Conference Scientific Committee also available in this pdf.

Electrochemical-Thermal Tanks-in-Series Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries

The safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries assumes substantial significance with their increasing prevalence in electric transportation and grid-scale storage.1,2 To this end, mathematical models play a critical role in predicting battery state and dynamics, which informs optimization and real-time control strategies. 3 Prediction of thermal dynamics is key to ensure safe operation, in view of deleterious phenomena such as overheating, non-uniform capacity degradation, and potential thermal runaways.4,5 The choice of battery model is typically a trade-off between physical detail and computational speed, due to which various reduced-order and reformulated models have been employed. Reduced order battery models are typically based on the Single Particle Model (SPM) and other simplifications of macrohomogeneous electrochemical models with lumped descriptions of thermal dynamics.1,6,7 This restricts their accuracy to specific operating regimes and parameter combinations. Reformulated models for coupled electrochemical-thermal dynamics have been demonstrated, but computational efficiency is likely to be compromised for certain form factors, cycling simulations, and large cell stacks.4,8 Moreover, parameterization of these models is a non-trivial task. The tanks-in-series approach was introduced previously as being more accurate than SPM, but easier to parameterize than reformulated models.9 This work extends the isothermal tanks-in-series model to incorporate thermal effects. Energy balances based on porous electrode theory10, including heat conduction and generation terms, are volume-averaged for each region in a cathode-separator-anode sandwich. The original tank model is thus augmented by an energy balance equation in each region, containing source terms and interfacial heat fluxes that are approximated accordingly. Voltage-time and temperature predictions from this model are evaluated against a one-dimensional electrochemical-thermal model under different operating conditions. The impact of different flux approximations on prediction accuracy is also examined, in addition to performance in simulating different series-parallel configurations. An additional goal is the application of the volume-averaging methodology to cylindrical cells, characterizing accuracy and computational performance vis-à-vis both full-order and lumped models. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge financial support from the Battery500 Consortium. Financial support from the Department of Chemical Engineering and the Clean Energy Institute at the University of Washington is also acknowledged. References H. E. Perez, S. Dey, X. Hu, and S. J. Moura, Proc. Am. Control Conf., 2016–July, 4000–4005 (2016).M. Pathak, D. Sonawane, S. Santhanagopalan, R. D. Braatz, and V. R. Subramanian, ECS Trans., 75, 51–75 (2017).T. R. Tanim, C. D. Rahn, and C.-Y. Wang, J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control, 137, 011005 (2014).S. Kosch, Y. Zhao, J. Sturm, J. Schuster, G. Mulder, E. Ayerbe, and A. Jossen, J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, A2374–A2388 (2018).K. E. Thomas and J. Newman, J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A176–A192 (2003).C. Forgez, D. Vinh Do, G. Friedrich, M. Morcrette, and C. Delacourt, J. Power Sources, 195, 2961–2968 (2010).M. Guo, G. Sikha, and R. E. White, J. Electrochem. Soc., 158, A122–A132 (2011).P. W. C. Northrop, V. Ramadesigan, S. De, and V. R. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc., 158, A1461–A1477 (2011).A. Subramaniam, S. Kolluri, C. D. Parke, M. Pathak, S. Santhanagopalan, and V. R. Subramanian, Meet. Abstr., MA2019-01, 1157–1157 (2019).K. Kumaresan, G. Sikha, and R. E. White, J. Electrochem. Soc., 155, A164–A171 (2008).

Direct Air Capture of CO2: A Key Technology for Ambitious Climate Change Mitigation

Christian Breyer is Professor for Solar Economy at LUT University, Finland. His major expertise is research of technological and economic characteristics of renewable energy systems specializing for highly renewable energy systems, on a local but also global scale. Research includes integrated sector analyses with power, heat, transport, desalination, industry, NETs, CCU, and Power-to-X. He worked previously for Reiner Lemoine Institut, Berlin, and Q-Cells (now Hanwha Q Cells). He is a member of ETIP PV, IEA-PVPS, scientific committee of the EU PVSEC and IRES, chairman at the Energy Watch Group, and reviewer for the IPCC. Mahdi Fasihi, M.Sc., is Research Assistant at LUT University, Finland. His focus area is CO2 direct air capture and techno-economic assessment of renewable electricity-based Power-to-X fuels and chemicals production and global trading. Highly resolved energy system modeling is a key method for his potential assessments. He received his M.Sc. degree in Energy Technology at LUT University and B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering at Guilan University, Iran. Cyril Bajamundi, PhD, is Chief Technology Officer of Soletair Power Oy, a Finnish start-up company focused on CO2 direct air capture and Power-to-X fuel conversion. He had been a Senior Scientist with VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, working in direct air capture of CO2 to support power-to-gas and power-to-liquid technologies for energy storage. Previously, he worked as Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of the Philippines, where he received his M.Sc. in Chemical Engineering. Felix Creutzig leads a working group at the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, and is Chair of Sustainability Economics of Human Settlements at Technical University Berlin. Educated as a physicist, he holds a PhD in Computational Neuroscience. He coordinates the chapter on “demand, services, and social aspects of mitigation” in the 6th assessment report of the IPCC. Research interests include data science and machine learning approaches for designing low-carbon cities, and demand-side solutions for climate change mitigation.

Electrodeposition of Cu, Co and Re from Water in Salt Electrolytes

Electrodeposition of Cu, Co and Re from Water in Salt Electrolytes Qiang Huang,William D. Sides, Shuvodeep De, Yang Hu Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 Water-in-salt electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes with a super high concentration of salt, provides a unique electrolyte environment for electrodeposition, where free water molecules are depleted by the hydration of salt. A 21 M lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTSFI) aqueous electrolyte has been recently demonstrated to enable the lithiation and delithiation in an aqueous lithium ion battery system[1]. The super highly concentrated LiTSFI resulted in a much-widened electrochemical window, not only by suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction rate but also by forming in a fluorinated passivation layer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. This concept has been applied to the electrodeposition of superconducting rhenium, where high concentration of LiCl suppressed the proton reduction and improved the film morphology and superconductivity stability[2]. This talk reports a systematic study on the electrochemical behavior of three transition metals, Cu, Co and Re, during the deposition in water-in-salt. The excessive chloride anion in the water-in-salt electrolyte is found to stabilize cuprous ion and separates the cupric ion reduction and copper deposition. Detailed CV at the first reduction step reveals that the cupric ion reduction is a highly reversible single electron transfer process. Systematic analyses were carried out using stationary cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry on rotating disc electrodes to determine the diffusion coefficients as well as the effective concentration of cupric ions and protons in the water-in-salt electrolytes. The diffusion coefficient of proton significantly decreases, for over 20 times, upon the addition of 8 M LiCl, whilst the diffusion of cupric ion merely decreases for less than 2 times. This is consistent with the “proton hopping mechanism” in proton diffusion in water, where the high concentrated salt disrupts the hydrogen bond network between water molecules and suppresses such hopping mechanism. Furthermore, the high concentration of LiCl seemed to increase the effective concentration of proton in the electrolyte. A comparison between Li, Na and K chloride salts is shown in Figure 1(b). Li cation is more effective than the larger Na+and K+in interacting with the water molecule dipole, disrupting the hydrogen bond network, suppressing the proton hopping, and at the same time increasing the acidity of water molecules. Copper electrodeposition is carried out in LiCl water-in-salt electrolyte and the partial current density is determined using anodic stripping techniques. As shown in Figure 1(c), the deposition rate reaches mass transport limit current at -0.4 V, decreases slightly upon the limiting current of proton reduction, and rapidly decreases to 0 on the commence of water reduction at -1.5 V. This suggests a surface blocking by adsorbed hydrogen intermediates in proton reduction and a surface passivation at highly negative voltage – probably due to the formation of a hydroxide species. This is found different from the partial current decrease observed in rhenium deposition shown in Figure 1(d), which occurs at a more positive potential of -0.9 V before water reduction starts. A further reduction of Re metal into rhenide anion (Re-) was proposed to occur at this potential, resulting in the decrease of overall deposition rate. REFERENCES L. Suo, O. Borodin, T. Gao, M. Olguin, J. Ho, X. Fan, C. Luo, C. Wang and K. Xu, Science, 350, 938-943 (2015). Q. Huang and T. W. Lyons, Electrochemistry Communications, 93, 53-56 (2018). Figure 1

Rethinking Electrochemical Science and Engineering Education

Electrochemical Science and Engineering is a particularly challenging subject to teach at the undergraduate/graduate level. The students need a substantial background in the physics of electrostatics, fields, potentials, and electrical circuits, solution chemistry, thermodynamics, mass transport and kinetics. They must also be versed in the underlying mathematics of differential and integral calculus. A lack of knowledge or retention of any of the aforementioned prerequisite subject areas can pose significant barriers to advanced learning. A minority of the students at The University of New Mexico have had some prior training in electrochemical research from internships at UNM, and National and Defense laboratories. The performance of the student interns was largely superior to the students with no direct laboratory experience. These students were generally much more engaged at achieving a better understanding of the underlying science behind their laboratory work. A major goal of the School of Engineering at UNM is to improve the comprehension and retention of key fundamental concepts and skills in the aforementioned areas for all students in the chemical engineering field and provide more opportunities for “hands on” learning and skills development. The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (CBE) at the University of New Mexico is engaged in a program to revolutionize engineering education by launching FACETS: Formation of Accomplished Chemical Engineers for Transforming Society. FACETS will revolutionize CBE by: (1) introducing "CIRE" design challenges in the core curriculum that are Community-, Industry-, Research-, and/or Entrepreneurship-based; (2) conducting professional development institutes that will train and mentor faculty and graduate students; workshops will be led by experts from industry and national laboratories, from the learning sciences, from engineering education and multicultural studies, for example the directors of UNM Native American Studies and Chicano/a Studies, and (3) create a digital badging system that will help students take ownership of their competencies and develop engineering identities and enable faculty to monitor and assess student outcomes and to engage in research on their teaching. We believe that this comprehensive approach towards modular learning and digital validation will improve our teaching of Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering and heighten our student’s understanding of the subject material. We have prepared core concept modules with supporting experimentation in the subject areas of: Types of Electrochemical Cells, Solution Theory, Electrostatics, Electrolytes, Ionic Transport, Charged Interfaces, Electrochemical Thermodynamics, Batteries, Fuel Cells, Electrolysis, Electrodeposition, Electroanalysis and Environmental Electrochemistry.

Additive Transport, Adsorption, and Inclusion in Electroless Deposition of Copper

Not requiring an external current source, electroless deposition provides unique capability in laying down thin metallic layers on top of non-conductive substrates. This is particularly advantageous for the semiconductor industry, enabling the metallization of electrically isolated features and narrower, future generation, interconnects. The latter are currently electroplated with copper, using special additives mixtures that provide the essential bottom-up fill. While electroplating additives have been extensively studied and their interactions in the electroplating process have been well-characterized and quantitatively modeled1,2, no similar characterization is available for electroless plating. The absence of appropriate electroless plating additives and the non-availability of a model for their function impose a barrier on the technological adaptation of electroless plating to hi-tech precision applications. The research described here addresses these limitations by providing a quantitative model for the deposit thickness distribution in a general, additives-containing electroless process. The model quantifies the effects of additives in an electroless plating system, accounting for additives transport, adsorption, and incorporation within the deposit. The model builds on and extends a previously presented model for prediction of electroless plating rate in an additives-free system, accounting for reactant concentration, pH, and transport3. The model presented here includes an important extension: a prediction of the average plating rate based on the fractional surface coverage of the additive. This model is compared to experimental data obtained in an electroless plating system consisting of copper and glyoxylic acid, with mercaptopropane sulfonic acid (MPS) as the additive. An additive mass balance model, similar to that developed by Roha and Landau4, is used to estimate the concentration of the additive on the electrode surface. [1] Adsorption: NA=kACS,Add(Γsat-Γ) [2] Desorption: N-A=k-AΓ [3] Inclusion: NI=kIiΓ Here, N is the additive flux, k is its adsorption rate constant, and CS,Add is the additive concentration in solution adjacent to the surface. Γ and Γsat are the surface concentration of the adsorbed additive and its saturation concentration, respectively. i is the current density, or the equivalent current density associated with the deposit build-up. The subscripts A, -A, and I refer to the adsorption, desorption, and inclusion processes, respectively. Langmuir-type adsorption is assumed. While equations 1-3 are general, additional assumptions were made for the specific system studied here: (i) plating is completely inhibited at sites occupied by the additive, and (ii) the additive desorption flux is negligible as compared to adsorption and inclusion. At steady-state, the rate of adsorption and inclusion are therefore equal, leading to the following equation for the fractional additive surface coverage as a function of known or measurable parameters: [4]: (kACb,Add[1-θ])/(1+[δkAΓsat(1-θ)]/D)=kIiθ Here, Cb,Add is the bulk additive concentration, θ is its fractional surface coverage, δ is the additive diffusion boundary layer thickness, and D is its diffusion coefficient. As the plating does not occur on sites with adsorbed additive, we can relate the surface coverage to current density (and to an equivalent plating rate): [5]: i=iNo Add(1-θ) As shown in Fig. 1, the model matches the experimental data well. Of particular importance, the model captures the trend of increasing plating rate with rotation speed (and higher transport rates) to a maximum of around 100 rpm before dropping to almost zero at high rotation speeds. Additional analysis and further experimental details are provided in the presentation. Acknowledgements Atotech GMBH is acknowledged for funding this study and for providing helpful input. References R. Akolkar and U. Landau, "A time-dependent transport-kinetics model for additive interactions in copper interconnect metallization", J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, C702 (2004).R. Akolkar and U. Landau, “Mechanistic analysis of the "bottom-up" fill in copper interconnect metallization”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 156, D351 (2009).R. A. Zeszut Jr., and U. Landau, “Transport and reactants concentration effects in electroless deposition of copper”, Metallization of Flexible Electronics Symposium, 231st Electrochemical Society Meeting, (2017).D. Roha, U. Landau, “Mass transport of leveling agents in plating: steady-state model for blocking additives,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 137, 824 (1990).R. A. Zeszut Jr., “Effect of transport and additives on electroless copper plating”, PhD Dissertation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, (2017). Figure 1

Preface

The 4th International Conference on Energy Materials and Applications (ICEMA 2019) was held in Tsinghua University on May 11-13, 2019. ICEMA2019 is an international conference covering research and development in the field of Energy Materials and Applications, which was co-sponsored by Hong Kong Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society (HKCBEES) and Department of Electrical Engineering of Tsinghua University. The major goal of this conference is to bring together academic scientists, engineers, industry researchers in order to exchange and share their experiences and research results, and discuss the practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted.The proceedings present a selection from papers submitted to the conference from universities, research institutes and industries. 14 papers were accepted from 33 presentations from 9 countries and districts: Australia, China, Denmark, Ecuador, France, French Polynesia, Hong Kong, Indonesia and México, providing research in Thermal and Photovoltaic System, Renewable Energy, New Materials, Power System. All of the papers were subjected to peer-review by conference committee members and international reviewers. For this journal proceeding, the selection of papers was strictly based on the quality and relevance to the conference. Here we would like to thank all the technical program committee members who made great efforts on paper reviewing.A word of special thanks is given to our plenary speakers and keynote speakers who are pleased to make contributions to our conference and share their new research ideas with us. They are Prof. Qing Wang from Pennsylvania State University; Prof. Qiang Zhang from Tsinghua University; Prof. Jesus Toribio from University of Salamanca, Prof. David T.W. Lin from University of Tainan and Assoc. Prof. Yingying Zhang from Tsinghua University.

Common Mistakes Found in Essay Writing of Chemical Engineering Department First Grade Students in Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Many students often face difficulties when they are writing an essay in English while they are required to master written English as one of their basic competencies as the vocational students. The study observes common mistakes occurring in English essays written by first grade students of Oil and Gas Processing Study Program of Chemical Engineering Department in Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia. The mistakes were categorized into seven types, i.e. word collocation and phrase, preposition, article/determiner, verb form, word order, spelling and punctuation. This research aims to find out the relation between the occurrences of the mistakes to the background of the students as the non-native English speaker. The methodology used in this study was combined between descriptive analysis and quantitative method. Data were analyzed by calculating the mistakes number done the students in their essays. The percentage of each mistake parameter is presented in pie chart form. Twenty-two students were involved in this study. Based on the result found in the study, the writer has gained several points that can be used to improve the teaching material for writing for academic purpose course. The study suggests that the course should focus on word collocation and some basic grammars instead of giving them English text.

Reducing Radiation Damage Using Pulsed Electron Beams in the TEM

Journal Article Reducing Radiation Damage Using Pulsed Electron Beams in the TEM Get access Elisah J VandenBussche, Elisah J VandenBussche Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David J Flannigan David J Flannigan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Corresponding author: flan0076@umn.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 25, Issue S2, 1 August 2019, Pages 1646–1647, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619008961 Published: 01 August 2019

Implementing a Practical, Bachelor's-Level Design-Based Learning Course To Improve Chemistry Students' Scientific Dissemination Skills.

This work presents an outline for a full-quartile design-based learning laboratory-based course suitable for final year Bachelor’s students. The course has been run for 5 years in the department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry. The course attempts to provide a complete laboratory experience for its students, including an authentic research project, experience in writing a research paper with realistic limitations of both space and time, and giving of a presentation appropriate for a scientific conference, finally culminating with a written exam, where the questions are based on the written reports and oral presentations of the other students, making the students also course “teachers”. This article will discuss both the successful aspects of the course and point out the areas that still need improvement and provides enough information as to allow the transfer of the methodology to other educational curricula.

Aptamer-Anchored Rubrene-Loaded Organic Nanoprobes for Cancer Cell Targeting and Imaging

Aptamer-Anchored Rubrene-Loaded Organic Nanoprobes for Cancer Cell Targeting and Imaging

Preface to the Dominique Bonvin Festschrift

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTPreface to the Dominique Bonvin FestschriftBabatunde A. Ogunnaike*Babatunde A. OgunnaikeChemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States*Tel.: (302)-831-4504. Fax: (302)-831-1048. E-mail: [email protected]More by Babatunde A. Ogunnaike and Benoît Chachuat*Benoît ChachuatCentre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom*Tel.: +44 (0)20-7594-5594. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/b.chachuat.More by Benoît ChachuatCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2019, 58, 30, 13421–13422Publication Date (Web):July 31, 2019Publication History Published online31 July 2019Published inissue 31 July 2019https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03866Copyright © 2019 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Chemical engineering and industrial chemistry,Chemometrics,Optimization,Process systems,Students Get e-Alerts

Trends in Synthetic Diamond for Electrochemical Applications

Trends in Synthetic Diamond for Electrochemical Applications

Decomposition of control and optimization problems by network structure: Concepts, methods, and inspirations from biology

AIChE JournalVolume 65, Issue 10 e16708 PERSPECTIVE Decomposition of control and optimization problems by network structure: Concepts, methods, and inspirations from biology Prodromos Daoutidis, Corresponding Author Prodromos Daoutidis daout001@umn.edu Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Correspondence Prodromos Daoutidis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Email: daout001@umn.eduSearch for more papers by this authorWentao Tang, Wentao Tang Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaSearch for more papers by this authorAndrew Allman, Andrew Allman Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaSearch for more papers by this author Prodromos Daoutidis, Corresponding Author Prodromos Daoutidis daout001@umn.edu Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Correspondence Prodromos Daoutidis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Email: daout001@umn.eduSearch for more papers by this authorWentao Tang, Wentao Tang Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaSearch for more papers by this authorAndrew Allman, Andrew Allman Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 June 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.16708Citations: 14 Funding information: University of Minnesota; National Science Foundation Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume65, Issue10October 2019e16708 RelatedInformation

Physicochemical Properties of 1-Vinyl-3-Acetamido Imidazole Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl for Lithium Battery Electrolytes

Physicochemical Properties of 1-vinyl-3-acetamido imidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl for lithium battery electrolytes Yingjun Cai†,‡, Nicolas von Solms†, Suojiang Zhang‡,*, Kaj Thomsen†,* †Center for Energy Resources Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark ‡Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China In recent years, high-voltage and fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are being considered as attractive power sources for electric vehicles and energy storage systems [1-3]. Electrolytes as a medium for charge transfer in lithium batteries greatly usually influence the performance with respect to charging/discharging rate, electrochemical window, cyclic life and safety. Ionic liquids have been intensively studied as one component of the electrolyte in LIB, owing to their perfect characteristics, such as low melting-temperature, non-volatility, high specific conductivity and wide electrochemical window. Acetonitrile has a convenient liquid range and a high dielectric constant of 38.8, and is often used as solvent in electric devices such as LIB and supercapacitors [4,5]. Acetonitrile can easily dissolve solutes exhibiting excellent ionic conductivity that may contribute to fast-charging lithium batteries. In this research, a new type of functional ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-imidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([VAIM][TFSI]) was synthesized using a two-step method. [VAIM][TFSI] was determined to be a stable liquid from the melting point (~ -30 ℃) to the decomposition temperature (~ 300 ℃) by DSC and TGA. The conductivities in mixtures with different content of ionic liquid were investigated at different temperatures. The highest conductivity of binary mixtures is achieved at 0.07 mole fraction, the value is ~33.22 mS·cm-1 at 298.15 K. The suggested concentration of ionic liquid in the electrolyte is 3 wt % giving a conductivity of ~ 41.08 mS·cm-1 at 298.15 K. References P. G. Bruce, S. A. Freunberger, L. J. Hardwick, J. -M. Tarascon, Nature Materials 11 (2012) 19−29.M. Armand, J.-M. Tarascon, Nature 451 (2008) 652−657.J. B. Goodenough, Y. Kim, Chemistry of Materials 22 (2010) 587−603.M. Egashira, H. Todo, N. Yoshimoto, M. Morita, J. I. Yamaki, Journal of Power Sources 174 (2) 2007 560-564.F. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, A. Shirasawa, K. Takechi, T. Shiga, H. Nishikoori, H. Iba, Electrochemistry 79 (2011) 876−881.

How to Accurately Report Transparent Solar Cells

Chenchen Yang joined the materials science program at Michigan State University in 2015 to work under Prof. Lunt in the Molecular and Organic Excitonics Lab. He earned his B.E. from the University of Electronic Science and Engineering of China in 2012. Then, he obtained his M.S. from University of Florida in 2015. His current research focuses on transparent solar cell synthesis, fabrication, and characterization. Dianyi Liu obtained his PhD in inorganic chemistry from Lanzhou University in 2009. He then worked as a postdoc at Peking University, the University of Saskatchewan, and Michigan State University. He began as an assistant professor at Westlake University in January 2019. His research interests include flexible electronics, optoelectronic materials, and devices. Matthew Bates is a graduate student in chemical engineering at Michigan State University working in the Molecular and Organic Excitonic Lab led by Prof. Lunt. He received his B.S. in chemical engineering from Oregon State University in 2016. He is focused on developing transparent photovoltaics. Miles Barr is co-founder and Chief Technology Officer at Ubiquitous Energy in Redwood City, CA. He earned his bachelor’s degree from Vanderbilt University and his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, both in chemical engineering. He then co-founded Ubiquitous Energy and has grown the company through pilot manufacturing, serving as both CEO and CTO. His team is currently working to develop, scale up, and commercialize transparent solar technology for a variety of end applications. Richard R. Lunt is the Johansen Crosby Endowed Professor at Michigan State University in the Departments of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science and Physics. He earned his B.S. from the University of Delaware and his PhD from Princeton University. He then worked as a post-doctoral researcher at MIT. His group focuses on understanding and exploiting excitonic photophysics and molecular crystal growth to develop unique thin-film optoelectronic devices. He is known for his pioneering work on transparent solar cells.

Discerning complex reaction networks using automated generators

AIChE JournalVolume 65, Issue 8 e16663 PERSPECTIVE Discerning complex reaction networks using automated generators Sergio Vernuccio, Sergio Vernuccio Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorLinda J. Broadbelt, Corresponding Author Linda J. Broadbelt broadbelt@northwestern.edu Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Correspondence Linda J. Broadbelt, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208. Email: broadbelt@northwestern.eduSearch for more papers by this author Sergio Vernuccio, Sergio Vernuccio Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorLinda J. Broadbelt, Corresponding Author Linda J. Broadbelt broadbelt@northwestern.edu Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Correspondence Linda J. Broadbelt, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208. Email: broadbelt@northwestern.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 May 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.16663Citations: 16 2018 R. H. Wilhelm Award in Chemical Reaction Engineering of AIChE. Funding information: National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: EEC-1647722 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume65, Issue8August 2019e16663 RelatedInformation

Raising the steaks ‐ a taste of what's to come

Raising the steaks ‐ a taste of what's to come

An analysis of EFL students’ anxiety factors in speaking

EFL students’ speaking performance is not only affected by cognitive, but also effective factors. Anxiety can explain why EFL students are hesitant to speak in the classroom. Anxiety can result from various causes, which are going to be described in this article. The current study was designed as a survey, employing the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) questionnaire as the main instrument. The subjects of this study were 101 students from the Department of Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Malang. The results of the item analysis showed that there were nine factors contributing to the participants’ anxiety. These factors are manifested in the students’ responses towards anxious behaviors that are interpreted as the results of students’ low self-esteem, inconvenient classroom atmosphere, and peer pressure. The findings of this study can provide insights into the development of EFL students’ speaking skills, especially those related to the affective domain.

Scale-up and Sustainability Evaluation of Biopolymer Production from Citrus Waste Offering Carbon Capture and Utilisation Pathway.

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr Miao Guo from Department of Chemical Engineering at the Imperial College London (UK). The cover picture shows modelling research on the co-polymerisation of waste-sourced limonene oxide with CO2 to produce poly(limonene carbonate), which offers a sustainable pathway to achieve carbon capture and utilisation. A computational approach to process design was integrated with sustainability evaluation to model this synthetic pathway and identify the environmental-damaging and performance-limiting steps for further improvement. Our research highlights the potential of closed-loop manufacturing systems with waste recovery, which is instrumental in building a sustainable circular economy. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.201900015.