Chemical Diffusion Rate Research Articles

Na-doped Li4SiO4 as an efficient sorbent for low-concentration CO2 capture at high temperature: Superior adsorption and rapid kinetics mechanism

Lithium silicate (Li4SiO4) sorbent has garnered attention in CO2 capture due to its high theoretical adsorption capacity and fast kinetics. However, its adsorption capacity and kinetics were hindered by low CO2 concentration. Improving adsorption performance of Li4SiO4 at low CO2 concentration has become the key to industrial application. In this work, high-activity Na-doped Li4SiO4 with controllable active substance Li3NaSiO4 was achieved. The influences of raw materials ratios on the CO2 adsorption performance were systematically investigated. When RLi/Si=4.05:1 and RNa/Si=0.15:1, the sample exhibited the highest adsorption capacity of 32.28 wt% with an equilibrium time of 29 min, and a superior stable capacity of 31.09 wt% in 15 cycles. Importantly, the double exponential fitting revealed that LiNaCO3 accelerated the ion diffusion rate and real-time adsorption processes showed Li3NaSiO4 expedited surface chemical reaction rate. Based on these, a novel Na2CO3 eutectic doping mechanism was proposed. The active substance Li3NaSiO4, generated through Na doping, along with its product formed from the reaction with CO2, molten LiNaCO3, acted synergistically to improve adsorption performance by accelerating surface chemical reaction rate and ion diffusion rate. Compared with other doped Li4SiO4, the sorbent prepared in this work demonstrated competitive adsorption performance, providing theoretical and technical support for the large-scale production of high-activity Li4SiO4.

Parameter estimation for the reaction–diffusion master equation

In this paper, we present a novel method to estimate chemical reaction and diffusion rates for biochemical reaction–diffusion dynamics from a time series of observations. Our approach leverages iterated particle filtering as a means to fit a high-dimensional stochastic and discrete spatiotemporal model to sparse time series data, often with some chemical species present in low copy numbers. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach on three realistic reaction–diffusion systems. In each case, the method recovered known true values for all rate parameters with a great degree of accuracy.

A series of bifunctional ReBaCo2O5+δ perovskite catalysts towards intermediate-temperature oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction

High-performance electrocatalysts are crucial to accelerate the commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). Herein we develop a series of bifunctional ReBaCo2O5+δ (Re = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) perovskite catalysts, demonstrating both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. When varying the rare earth ions, orthorhombic-tetragonal-cubic transformation can be identified in the ReBaCo2O5+δ (ReBCO) family, along with enhanced electrical conductivity, improved oxygen surface exchange and chemical diffusion rates. Through symmetrical half-cell test, as-obtained perovskite electrodes exhibit the area-specific resistances (ASRs) as low as 0.048–0.096 Ω cm2 at 700 °C. In the ORR and OER manners, LaBaCo2O5+δ (LBCO) shows the largest current densities of 314 and 323 mA cm−2 at an overpotential (η) of 75 mV at 700 °C among all compositions. Anode-supported fuel cell with the LBCO cathode delivers a peak power density (PPD) of 1212 mW cm−2 at 750 °C. Aiming at the CO2 electrolysis, a current density of 1.24 A cm−2 is achieved in the LBCO anode-containing cell at 750 °C. From first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is inferred that the O 2p-band centers for electron-filled states may be closely correlated with electrocatalytic activity. Our results highlight promising intermediate-temperature applications of LBCO in both SOFC and SOEC models, endowing rational design of the perovskite catalysts in energy conversion field.

Chemically routed interpore molecular diffusion in metal-organic framework thin films

Transport diffusivity of molecules in a porous solid is constricted by the rate at which molecules move from one pore to the other, along the concentration gradient, i.e. by following Fickian diffusion. In heterogeneous porous materials, i.e. in the presence of pores of different sizes and chemical environments, diffusion rate and directionality remain tricky to estimate and adjust. In such a porous system, we have realized that molecular diffusion direction can be orthogonal to the concentration gradient. To experimentally determine this complex diffusion rate dependency and get insight of the microscopic diffusion pathway, we have designed a model nanoporous structure, metal-organic framework (MOF). In this model two chemically and geometrically distinct pore windows are spatially oriented by an epitaxial, layer-by-layer growth method. The specific design of the nanoporous channels and quantitative mass uptake rate measurements have indicated that the mass uptake is governed by the interpore diffusion along the direction orthogonal to the concentration gradient. This revelation allows chemically carving the nanopores, and accelerating the interpore diffusion and kinetic diffusion selectivity.

Chemical diffusion limit of a chemotaxis–Navier–Stokes system

We consider the vanishing diffusion limit issue for the chemotaxis–Navier–Stokes system in R 3 . We show that as the chemical diffusion rate ε goes to zero, the solutions with 0 $ ]]> ε > 0 , converge to the non-diffusive solutions in the same Sobolev spaces of existence. The convergence rate is of order O ( ε 1 / 2 ) .

Interaction of carbonates with peridotite containing iron metal: Implications for carbon speciation in the upper mantle

Due to the significantly reduced conditions in the mantle below ~250 km, carbonates transported by the subducting oceanic plates will inevitably interact with Fe-saturated mantle peridotites to form diamonds or other reduced carbon species. In this study, we present the reaction experiments at 6 and 10 GPa, and 1100–1400°С between carbonates and peridotite with iron to model the behaviors of subducted carbonates in the reduced mantle. Magnesiowüstite (Mws), ferropericlase, metastable graphite, or diamond crystallization showed the occurrence of the redox reactions. The reactions in Ca‑carbonate and dolomite-containing systems were accompanied by the appearance of carbonate melt already at 1100 and 1200 °C. Formation of the melt at such a low temperature in the studied systems shows that the redox gradient between iron-containing mantle peridotites and carbonate-containing subduction lithologies could trigger deep mantle melting at the hot subduction zone conditions, even in the anhydrous and alkali-free systems. Carbonate melts, and oxides, formed in the redox reactions, would further interact with olivine, pyroxenes , and garnet with the formation of merwinite , Ca-rich garnet, and Fe-rich olivine. Here we confirm that merwinite could be an indicator of the mantle metasomatism and may originate via interaction of Ca-rich carbonate melt with peridotite. The kinetic calculations reflect that, in natural systems where carbonates and iron are separated by silicate media, the redox reactions are limited due to slow chemical diffusion rates in silicates and will not have any significant effect on the preservation of carbonates in the anhydrous and melt free environment. On the contrary, the presence of carbonate melt during the reaction between carbonate and metallic Fe will lead to significant consumption of carbonates. • We studied the carbonate-iron reactions in the complex peridotite systems at 6,10 GPa • We observed formation of magnesiowüstite, diamond, graphite and carbonate melt • The redox gradient between mantle peridotites and subduction lithologies could trigger deep mantle melting. • Merwinite in diamond inclusions is linked to the carbonate metasomatic activity in the ultramafic assemblages.

Steady states and pattern formation of the density-suppressed motility model

Abstract This paper considers the stationary problem of density-suppressed motility models proposed in Fu et al. (2012) and Liu et al. (2011) in one dimension with Neumman boundary conditions. The models consist of parabolic equations with cross-diffusion and degeneracy. We employ the global bifurcation theory and Helly compactness theorem to explore the conditions under which non-constant stationary (pattern) solutions exist and asymptotic profiles of solutions as some parameter value is small. When the cell growth is not considered, we are able to show the monotonicity of solutions and hence achieve a global bifurcation diagram by treating the chemical diffusion rate as a bifurcation parameter. Furthermore, we show that the solutions have boundary spikes as the chemical diffusion rate tends to zero and identify the conditions for the non-existence of non-constant solutions. When transformed to specific motility functions, our results indeed give sharp conditions on the existence of non-constant stationary solutions. While with the cell growth, the structure of global bifurcation diagram is much more complicated and in particular the solution loses the monotonicity property. By treating the growth rate as a bifurcation parameter, we identify a minimum range of growth rate in which non-constant stationary solutions are warranted, while a global bifurcation diagram can still be attained in a special situation. We use numerical simulations to test our analytical results and illustrate that patterns can be very intricate and stable stationary solutions may not exist when the parameter value is outside the minimal range identified in our paper.

Study on Process Optimization of Sprayable Powders and Deposition Performance of Amorphous Al2O3–YAG Coatings

In this study, the process optimization of sprayed powders and deposition performance for amorphous Al2O3–Y3Al5O12 (YAG) coatings was investigated. The solid-state reaction mechanism of the nano-sized Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders with eutectic molar ratio was studied by multiple step-by-step heating cycle calcination processes. The calcination process could be adjusted according the dominant control factors like chemical reaction rate or ion diffusion rate. Finally, the actual deposition performance of the calcined powders (Al2O3/YAG) was examined by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). XRD, SEM and DTA were used to characterize the powders and the as-sprayed coatings. The results showed that the reaction of Al2O3–Y2O3 system is a high temperature solid reaction dominated by Al3+ diffusion, the initial reaction process was usually belong to chemical kinetic range, then the reaction will be transformed from chemical kinetic range to diffusion dynamic range with the temperature increasing. The process optimization of powders was very effective, and the deposition effect of coating was effective.

Role of reactivity gradients in the survival, decay and reignition of methane-air detonations in large channels

This paper examines the effect of gradients in reactivity on the propagation of detonations in a relatively large ( ~ 1 m high) channel by studying detonation transmission from stoichiometric to fuel-lean mixtures of methane and air. The numerical model solves the fully compressible, reactive Navier–Stokes equations. The chemical heat release, mass diffusion and species-production rates are modeled by a new version of the chemical-diffusive model (CDM), calibrated to reproduce flame and detonation properties over a range of equivalence ratios. One- and two-dimensional simulations are performed for three different reactivity gradients, corresponding to a steep, intermediate, and shallow gradient in reactivity. In one dimension, detonation transmission across all reactivity gradients results in detonation failure, as the detonation wavefront decouples into a shock and a flame. This is not the case in two dimensions, where the dynamics of detonation transmission and failure are far more complex due to the presence of transverse waves and the shock collisions associated with them. Successful transmission of the detonation in two dimensions depends on the steepness of the reactivity gradient, the local strength of the detonation, and the interaction of the detonation with the Taylor expansion fan. In multidimensions, weaker parts of the detonation decouple into separated shocks and flames, but the overdriven parts of the wavefronts survive. The result is partial failure at the front. Such partially failed detonations, however, can develop extremely high pressure overdriven transverse detonations in their reaction zones.

Stationary and non-stationary patterns of the density-suppressed motility model

In this paper, we first explore the stationary problem of the density-suppressed motility (DSM) model proposed in Fu et al. (2012) and Liu et al. (2011) where the diffusion rate of the bacterial cells is a decreasing function (motility function) of the concentration of a chemical secreted by bacteria themselves. We show that the DSM model does not admit non-constant steady states if either the chemical diffusion rate or the intrinsic growth rate of bacteria is large. We also prove that when the decay of the motility function is sub-linear or linear, the DSM model does not admit non-constant steady states if either the chemical diffusion rate or the intrinsic growth rate of bacteria is small. Outside these non-existence parameter regimes, we show that the DSM model will have non-constant steady states under some constraints on the parameters. Furthermore we numerically find the stable stationary patterns only when the parameter values are close to the critical instability regime. Finally by performing a delicate multiple-scale analysis, we derive that the DSM model may generate propagating oscillatory waves whose amplitude is governed by an explicit Ginzburg–Landau equation, which is further verified by numerical simulations.

Optimization of sulfuric acid leaching of a Vietnamese rare earth concentrate

The modeling of Yen Phu (Vietnam) xenotime concentrate leaching by sulfuric acid was studied for the purpose of optimizing the process. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite face-centered (CCF) design was empirically used to model the interactive effect of the independent variables, namely leaching temperatures of 250–450 °C, acid/concentrate (acid/conc.) mass ratios of 0.8–1.8, and leaching times of 2–6 h, on the dependent response, namely the leaching yield. And a CCF model for the leaching of the concentrate was proposed that exhibited good consistency with the experimental data. The shrinking core models for spherical particles of constant size based on the Arrhenius equation were empirically used to study the kinetics of the leaching. The activation energies calculated from the kinetic models for the chemical reaction and diffusion rate stages have the same value of 17.3 kJ·mol−1, which fitted well to a mixed control model of the chemical reaction followed by a diffusion stage at leaching temperatures in the range of 473–593 K. The kinetic studies of the leaching indicated that the leaching percent rate (or leaching yield) is controlled by the leaching temperature. The optimization of the leaching process was estimated by analyzing the contributions of the coefficients of the CCF model to the leaching yield. The results indicated that the effect of leaching temperature on leaching yield is the strongest; it is five times higher than that of the acid/conc. Mass ratio and four times higher than that of the leaching time. The effects of acid/concentration mass ratio and leaching time on leaching yield are insignificant. In addition, the optimum data for leaching are as follows: the leaching temperature, acid/conc. Mass ratio, and leaching time are 320 °C, 1.3, and 4 h, respectively. The proposed CCF model and kinetic study suggested that the optimization of the Yen Phu xenotime concentrate leaching is controlled by the leaching temperature; and the CCF model can potentially be applied in the commercial operation of Yen Phu xenotime concentrate leaching after pilot tests on 50 kg dry concentrate per batch.

Optogenetic regulation of endogenous gene transcription in mammals

Despite the rapid development of approaches aimed to precisely control transcription of exogenous genes in time and space, design of systems providing similar tight regulation of endogenous gene expression is much more challenging. However, finding ways to control the activity of endogenous genes is absolutely necessary for further progress in safe and effective gene therapies and regenerative medicine. In addition, such systems are of particular interest for genetics, molecular and cell biology. An ideal system should ensure tunable and reversible spatio-temporal control over transcriptional activity of a gene of interest. Although there are drug-inducible systems for transcriptional regulation of endogenous genes, optogenetic approaches seem to be the most promising for the gene therapy applications, as they are noninvasive and do not exhibit toxicity in comparison with druginducible systems. Moreover, they are not dependent on chemical inducer diffusion rate or pharmacokinetics and exhibit fast activation-deactivation switching. Among optogenetic tools, long-wavelength light-controlled systems are more preferable for use in mammalian tissues in comparison with tools utilizing shorter wavelengths, since far-red/near-infrared light has the maximum penetration depth due to lower light scattering caused by lipids and reduced tissue autofluorescence at wavelengths above 700 nm. Here, we review such light-inducible systems, which are based on synthetic factors that can be targeted to any desired DNA sequence and provide activation or repression of a gene of interest. The factors include zinc finger proteins, transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), and the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these DNA targeting tools in the context of the light-inducible gene regulation systems.

Convergence of boundary layers for the Keller–Segel system with singular sensitivity in the half-plane

Though the boundary layer formation in the chemotactic process has been observed in experiment (cf. [63]), the mathematical study on the boundary layer solutions of chemotaxis models is just in its infant stage. Apart from the sophisticated theoretical tools involved in the analysis, how to impose/derive physical boundary conditions is a state-of-the-art in studying the boundary layer problem of chemotaxis models. This paper will proceed with a previous work [24] in one dimension to establish the convergence of boundary layer solutions of the Keller–Segel model with singular sensitivity in a two-dimensional space (half-plane) with respect to the chemical diffusion rate denoted by ε≥0. Compared to the one-dimensional boundary layer problem, there are many new issues arising from multi-dimensions such as possible Prandtl type degeneracy, curl-free preservation and well-posedness of large-data solutions. In this paper, we shall derive appropriate physical boundary conditions and gradually overcome these barriers and hence establish the convergence of boundary layer solutions of the singular Keller–Segel system in the half-plane as the chemical diffusion rate vanishes. Specially speaking, we justify that the boundary layer converges to the outer layer (solution with ε=0) plus the inner layer as ε→0, where both outer and inner layer profiles are precisely derived and well understood. By doing this, the structure of boundary layer solutions is clearly characterized. We hope that our results and methods can shed lights on the understanding of underlying mechanisms of the boundary layer patterns observed in the experiment for chemotaxis such as the work by Tuval et al. [63], and open a new window in the future theoretical study of chemotaxis models.

Initial boundary value problems for a system of parabolic conservation laws arising from chemotaxis in multi-dimensions

We study the qualitative behavior of a system of parabolic conservation laws, derived from a Keller-Segel type chemotaxis model with singular sensitivity, on the unit square or cube subject to various types of boundary conditions. It is shown that for given initial data in $H^3(\Omega)$, under the assumption that only the entropic energy associated with the initial data is small, there exist global-in-time classical solutions to the initial-boundary value problems of the model subject to the Neumann-Stress-free and Dirichlet-Stress-free type boundary conditions; these solutions converge to equilibrium states, determined from initial and/or boundary data, exponentially rapidly as time goes to infinity. In addition, it is shown that the solutions of the fully dissipative model converge to those of the corresponding partially dissipative model as the chemical diffusion rate tends to zero under the Neumann-Stress-free type boundary conditions. Numerical analysis is performed for a discretization of the model with the Dirichlet-Stress-free type boundary conditions, and a monotonic exponential decay to the equilibrium solution (analogous to the continuous case) is proven. Numerical simulations are supplemented to illustrate the exponential decay, test the assumptions of the exponential decay theorem, and to predict boundary layer formation under the Dirichlet-Stress-free type boundary conditions.

Boundary layers and stabilization of the singular Keller-Segel system

The original Keller-Segel system proposed in [ 23 ] remains poorly understood in many aspects due to the logarithmic singularity. As the chemical consumption rate is linear, the singular Keller-Segel model can be converted, via the Cole-Hopf transformation, into a system of viscous conservation laws without singularity. However the chemical diffusion rate parameter e now plays a dual role in the transformed system by acting as the coefficients of both diffusion and nonlinear convection. In this paper, we first consider the dynamics of the transformed Keller-Segel system in a bounded interval with time-dependent Dirichlet boundary conditions. By imposing appropriate conditions on the boundary data, we show that boundary layer profiles are present as e →0 and large-time profiles of solutions are determined by the boundary data. We employ weighted energy estimates with the effective viscous flux technique to establish the uniform-in- e estimates to show the emergence of boundary layer profiles. For asymptotic dynamics of solutions, we develop a new idea by exploring the convexity of an entropy expansion to get the basic L 1 -estimate. We the obtain the corresponding results for the original Keller-Segel system by reversing the Cole-Hopf transformation. Numerical simulations are performed to interpret our analytical results and their implications.

Chemical treatment for dissolution of amine-cured epoxies at atmospheric pressure

Carbon fiber/epoxy composites have largely resisted attempts to recycle because the crosslinked polymer matrices cannot be easily separated from the fiber reinforcements. In this study, two chemical treatment methods - depolymerization and acid digestion (both at atmospheric pressure) - were employed to dissolve amine-cured epoxy formulations. Both depolymerization and acid digestion were shown to be effective dissolution processes for all amine/epoxy samples that encompassed variations in amine/epoxy stoichiometric ratio (A/E ratio), epoxy monomer functionality, and amine curing agent type. The relationship between epoxy properties and dissolution rate was determined, and the key parameters affecting thermoset matrix dissolution were identified. The dissolution rate was controlled by both the chemical reaction and diffusion rates. The components of the chemical solutions after epoxy dissolution were analyzed and identified, and protocols to quantitatively track the products after dissolution were developed. The two major cleavable sites during epoxy dissolution were the C-N and C-O bonds, and the aromatic structures of the epoxies were preserved.

The effect of pyrolysis heating rate on the steam gasification reactivity of char from woodchips

Abstract This work, performed in the context of Gaya project, focuses on the characterization and modelling of the effect of the pyrolysis heating rate on the steam gasification of char from woodchips. An experimental work was performed based on thermogravimetry and solid characterization of char samples prepared under different conditions. The results showed that gasification apparent reactivity increased with the increase of heating rate. The faster chemical kinetics of char prepared under high heating rate could be related to its higher catalytic inorganic content together with a more reactive carbonaceous structure. The increase of heating rate favours porosity development and the enlargement of pores, which would have a positive effect on gasification reaction rate by enhancing gas diffusion within the solid. The effect of heating rate on char gasification was included in a model previously developed, by correlating the chemical kinetics, particle density and diffusion rate to the char yield, which was selected as a suitable indicator of the heating rate. The new version of the model, considering the variability of heating rate during char formation, was validated through accurate predictions of the experimental results.

Determination of sedimentation, diffusion, and mixing rates in coastal sediments of the eastern Red Sea via natural and anthropogenic fallout radionuclides

The Red Sea is a unique ecosystem with high biodiversity in one of the warmest regions of the world. In the last five decades, Red Sea coastal development has rapidly increased. Sediments from continental margins are delivered to depths by advection and diffusion-like processes which are difficult to quantify yet provide invaluable data to researchers. Beryllium-7, lead-210 and ceseium-137 were analyzed from sediment cores from the near-coast Red Sea near Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The results of this work are the first estimates of diffusion, mixing, and sedimentation rates of the Red Sea coastal sediments. Maximum chemical diffusion and particle mixing rates range from 69.1 to 380cm−2y−1 and 2.54 to 6.80cm−2y−1, respectively. Sedimentation rate is constrained to approximately 0.6cm/yr via multiple methods. These data provide baselines for tracking changes in various environmental problems including erosion, marine benthic ecosystem silting, and particle-bound contaminant delivery to the seafloor.

High P–T experiments and first principles calculations of the diffusion of Si and Cr in liquid iron

Chemical diffusion rates of Si and Cr in liquid iron have been measured over the P–T range of 1–18GPa and 1873–2428K. The experiments were performed using a multi-anvil apparatus with diffusion couples comprised of pure iron and iron alloy placed end to end in a vertical orientation. In order to extend our dataset to the Earth’s core–mantle boundary and to compare experimental data with theoretical diffusion rates calculated under laboratory-accessible conditions, we have also performed first principles molecular dynamic simulations (FP-MD) and calculated self-diffusion coefficients and activation parameters for Si, Cr, and Fe diffusion in liquid Fe, Fe0.92Si0.08 and Fe0.92Cr0.08 compositions over the P–T range of 1bar–135GPa and 2200–5500K. Over the entire range of pressures and temperatures studied using both methods, diffusion coefficients are described well using an exponential function of the homologous temperature relation, D=Dhexp(−gTh), where Th=Tm/T, Tm is the melting temperature at the pressure of interest and g and Dh are constants. Our findings indicate constant diffusivities of approximately 4×10−9m2s−1 for Si and Cr and 5×10−9m2s−1 for Fe along the melting curve from ambient to core pressures in all liquid compositions studied, with an increase of ∼0.8logunits at T=2Tm. Differences between experimental data and computational results are less than 0.1logunits. Structural properties of liquid iron alloys analyzed using partial radial distribution functions (RDFs) show the average distance between two Fe atoms, rFe–Fe, is identical to that of rFe–Si and rFe–Cr over the entire P–T range of study, which supports that the diffusion of Si and Cr (and thus likely other species of similar atomic radii) occurs via direct substitution with Fe. Diffusion coefficients and interatomic distances used to calculate liquid viscosities via the Stokes–Einstein relation yield constant viscosity along the melting curve of ∼6mPas for liquid Fe, ∼7mPas for liquid Fe0.92Cr0.08, and ∼8mPas for liquid Fe0.92Si0.08, with a decrease of ∼0.8logunits at T=2Tm. The data can also be reproduced within <10% using the Arrhenian model with derivatives of the activation parameters determined over a very wide range of P–T conditions. Verification of a homologous temperature dependence of diffusion in liquid metals, as well as the excellent agreement between experimental results and FP-MD simulations, provides a new and simple framework for interpreting and modeling mass transport processes of liquid iron alloys in all planetary bodies regardless of size. Our results are used to evaluate the kinetics of metal–silicate chemical equilibration during core formation and diffusivity contrasts across a solid–liquid metal interface, i.e. at the inner core boundary.

Soft-mechanochemical synthesis of monodispersed BaZrO3 sub-microspheres: Phase formation and growth mechanism

Current technological and scientific challenges have encouraged the search for a simple and energy-efficient method to synthesis fine product particles with desirable morphology and properties. The submicro-spheres of perovskite barium zirconate (BaZrO3) in this study were synthesized successfully via the soft-mechanochemical method under ambient conditions, without surfactants or any capping agents. The synthetic mechanism model was proposed as being time-dependent. The hydrolysis, nucleation (crystallization) and growth of particles via Ostwald ripening were discussed deeply. Mechanical energy not only afforded a local high temperature to activate the chemical reaction and diffusion rate of particles, but also prevent aggregation and agglomeration by homogeneous mechanical stirring. Nevertheless, as-prepared BaZrO3 powders exhibited properties of photoluminescence (PL) with green emission from lattice formation defects. Dielectric properties and the quality factor (Q-factor) were investigated as well. It was notable that the soft-mechanochemical method can provide a high yield and enable work that is environmentally friendly.