Chemical Character Research Articles

Microbes Population and Soil Respiration Under The Kemenyan (Styrax spp) Stand Rhizosphere

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Effect of some antioxidant treatments on physical and chemical characters of jerusalem artichoke tubers under cold storage conditions

Jerusalem artichoke is one of the non-traditional crops of the family Asteraceae. Its tubers are considered one of the richest vegetable crop in sugars especially inulin. Jerusalem artichoke faces some problems during storage such as tubers browning. The aim of this study was to enhance tubers quality and storability by soaking treatments for 5 min with 3% ascorbic acid, 3% citric acid, 1% calcium chloride or water, which served as control, before storage. The results clearly indicated that 3% ascorbic acid reduced the weight loss and decay. Also, it maintained better tubers appearance as well as higher contents of carbohydrates, total soluble solids, protein and inulin compared to other treatments. The observed effects of ascorbic acid on the tubers quality and storability could be due to its effect on Polyphenol oxidase, whereas its activity was inhibited by ascorbic acid.

Adsorption of toxic gas molecules on pristine and transition metal doped hexagonal GaN monolayer: A first-principles study

Using the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT-D2 method), we systematically study the structural, energetic, electronic and magnetic properties of toxic gas molecules (H2S, NH3 and SO2) adsorbed on pristine and transition metal (TM) atom (Fe, Mn) doped GaN monolayer (GaN-ML). The results show that the H2S and NH3 are physisorbed on pristine GaN-ML with small adsorption energy, charge transfer, and long adsorption distance. While chemical adsorption character of SO2 on GaN-ML can be obtained, which means that the pristine GaN-ML is sensitive to SO2. We find that the adsorption ability of pristine GaN-ML can be improved by introducing TM dopants. TM (Fe, Mn) doping can increase adsorption energy and charge transfer of the adsorbed systems, except for SO2 adsorbed Fe doped GaN-ML. The enhancing interaction between adsorbed molecules and the TM doped GaN-ML can dramatically induce electrical conductivity changes. Therefore, the TM doped GaN-ML is more suitable for gas molecules detection compared with the pristine GaN-ML. These present properties of gas molecules adsorbed on the pristine and TM doped GaN-ML will help to guide scientists to develop better two-dimensional GaN-based gas sensors in the future.

Ph. D. Substitution of Wheat Flour by Local Cereals and Pulses Flour An Approach to Overcome Wheat Gap in Egypt

The recent study was carried out with the following objective; 1) determine the possibility of substitutinglocal wheat varieties flour with naked rice, sorghum and barley flours in relation to proximate compositionand rheological properties.2) Reaching the optimum mixing ratio for local pulses represented by Fenugreekflour and soybean flour that enhance the substitution of local non wheat cereals in bread making.. Crudeprotein percentage were significantly (p≥0.01) different among the studied cultivars. In the meantime, thestudied flour blends were significantly (p≥0.01) different in all studied chemical analysis characters. Also,significant (p≥0.01) interaction between varieties and flour blends were reached in crude protein percentage.Over the studied wheat cultivars, gluten content of the different flour blends were significantly lower than therecorded value for wheat flour (8.111%). Substitution with 10% rice flour gave significantly lower glutenpercentage (7.493%). Additional substitution with any of fenugreek or soybean flour, although, showed lowerdry gluten percentage, that reduction had not reached the level of significance (7.20 and 7.339% for 10% riceflour+5% fenugreek flour and 10% rice flour + 5% soybean flour substitution, respectively). Blends with 10%barley flour had lower values of falling number over these containing 20% barley flour by 21.67 (P≥ 0.0001),19.84 (P≥ 0.0001), and 16.06 (P≥ 0.0001) Sec. for Misr 2, Giza171 and Gimmeza17, respectively. Rice flourblending to wheat flour at 10% level, significantly gave broader loaf diameter (20.67 vs. 21.04 cm for wheatflour and wheat flour + 10% rice flour, respectively).Advisors Committee Examiners CommitteeProf. Dr. MosaadM.El-GanbeehyProf. Dr. Mohammed Abd EL-Sattar AhmedProf. Dr. Mohamed M.Abdalla ElashryProf. Dr. Shaaban Ahmed El-ShamarkaProf. Dr. MosaadM.El-GanbeehyProf. Dr. Mohammed Abd EL-Sattar Ahmed

New species and records of lichens from Bolivia

Fuscidea multispora Flakus, Kukwa & Rodr. Flakus and Malmidea attenboroughii Kukwa, Guzow-Krzemińska, Kosecka, Jabłońska & Flakus are described as new to science based on morphological, chemical and molecular characters. Lepra subventosa var. hypothamnolica is genetically and chemically distinct from L. subventosa var. subventosa and a new name, Lepra pseudosubventosa Kukwa & Guzow-Krzemińska, is proposed due to the existence of Lepra hypothamnolica (Dibben) Lendemer & R.C. Harris. Pertusaria muricata, recently transferred to Lepra, is kept in the genus Pertusaria due to the highest similarity of ITS sequence with members of Pertusaria. The occurrence of Micarea hedlundii in the Southern Hemisphere is confirmed based on molecular evidence from Bolivian population. Lepra pseudosubventosa and Pertusaria muricata are reported as new to South America, and 20 taxa as new to Bolivia. Lepraria stephaniana, previously known only from the type locality, is reported from two more sites. An ascosporic state is reported for the first time for Lepra amaroides, as are new chemotypes. Molecular markers were used to place some sterile, sorediate crustose lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The phylogenetic positions of some sterile Malmidea specimens within Malmidaceae are also discussed.

Morphological and chemical assessment of alluvial gold grains from Ako'ozam and Njabilobe, southwestern Cameroon

Placer gold is widely distributed in southwestern Cameroon but no known lode sources have been uncovered possibly because of intense weathering. In this study, the morphology and microchemistry of alluvial gold from Ako'ozam and Njabilobe were investigated to understand the nature of the source mineralization. SEM, QEMSCAN and EMPA methods were employed to characterize morphology, mineral associations, alloy composition and mineral inclusions of placer gold in both localities. The gold grains exhibited angular to sub-rounded shapes, complex outlines and possessed surface textures such as striations, pits and cavities. These morphological parameters indicated a close source. Major mineral associations included clays and quartz with minor monazite, zircon, pyrite, ilmenite, rutile, chlorite and Fe oxide minerals. Gold in the area is essentially alloyed with Ag. Mineral inclusions included quartz, rutile, Fe-oxide and mica. Gold chemistry indicates interaction of the mineralization with basic rocks notably amphibolite and metadolerite in the area. The wide compositional span of Ag indicated that gold mineralization in the area resulted from multiple source deposit. Similarity in chemical character of gold from Ako'ozam and Njabilobe pointed to the same mineralizing event that sourced the placers in both localities. Gold chemistry suggested an orogenic style of mineralization in which gold occur as free gold in quartz veins. Liberation properties of gold within the Ako'ozam-Njabilobe area weighed in favor of physical gravity-based ore recovery methods which are environmentally friendly.

Interactions between fluorocarbon surfactants and polysaccharides

Interactions between the mixtures of fluorine surfactants (FS) of different chemical character (anionic - Capstone FS-64, cationic - S-106A and non-ionic - Capstone FS-30) and polysaccharides (anionic – carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cationic starch (CS) and non-ionic – hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)) have been investigated by surface tension, viscosity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The factors governing the formation of polysaccharide-surfactant complexes (PSC) were discussed in terms of the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The surface tension and viscosity measurements allow to find out in which systems the interactions occur and also when they start and end. NMR was studied not only to analyse the chemical structures of the fluorine surfactants but also to determine the characteristics of PSC.

Feeding strategy impacts heterologous protein production in Yarrowia lipolytica fed-batch cultures-Insight into the role of osmolarity.

Fed-batch cultivation is the preferred bioprocessing strategy applied in microbial production of proteins. Feeding strategy is crucial parameters to be optimized upon development of a fed-batch process. In this study, we investigated impact of different feeding strategies on production of recombinant enzymatic protein in Yarrowia lipolytica cultures. From amongst tested strategies, comprising intermittent and continuous feedings, also in cascade with respiratory factors, intermittent feeding executed after complete exhaustion of glycerol from the medium, with moderate amplitude of osmolarity, was the most beneficial in terms of the secretory enzyme amount, its volumetric productivity and specific activity. Because adopted feeding strategies strongly modulated osmolarity of the cultures, the effect of osmotic pressure on production of the target heterologous protein was investigated in a series of batch cultivations with addition of osmoactive compounds (NaCl, sorbitol, sucrose, and glycerol) at different concentrations. Although obvious promoting effect of the osmoactive substances on the enzyme production was clear, no straightforward correlation between the medium osmolarity and the target enzyme's specific activity could be observed. These results suggest that not only the level of osmolarity but also chemical character of the osmoactive compound have both important impact on the production of secretory proteins in Y.lipolytica cultures.

Effect of Irrigation, some Plant Nutrients with Mulching on Growth and Productivity of Cucumber

This work was carried out during the two consecutive summers of 2016 2017 in the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources, Aswan University, Egypt on a soil sandy textured soil. This work aimed to study the effect of number of drip irrigation periods/week, foliar spray with some plant nutrients micronutrients Biostimulant and with or without mulching on growth, yield quality of cucumber. Certain physiological chemical characters plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, plant dry weight (g), chlorophyll, reducing sugars, acidity, vitamin C, soluble solids (TSS), No. of day to harvest, early yield (ton/fed.), average fruit weight (g), total yield (ton/fed.), chemical analyses of plants (N, P K %). The experimental design was a split-split plots system arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Number of drip irrigation periods/week (2 3), foliar spray with some plant nutrients i.e. (control distilled water, Zinc chelated (Zn 14 % EDTA) at 100 mg/l Iron chelated (Fe 13.0 % EDTA) at 500 mg/l seaweed extract 1000 mg/l) polyethylene mulching treatments i.e. without mulching, clear polyethylene mulch + sugar cane straw mulch black polyethylene mulch + sugar cane straw mulch. The obtained results revealed that 2 drip irrigation periods/week + black polyethylene mulch + sugar cane straw mulch + 1000 mg/l seaweed extract gave the significant effects in most studied characters under study during both seasons.

No combination of morphological, ecological or chemical characters can reliably diagnose species in theParmelia saxatilisaggregate in Scotland

AbstractTheParmelia saxatilisaggregate is comprised of three species in Europe, proposed to differ in morphological, distributional or chemical characters. In this study, we sampled nearly 200 thalli from five sites across a steep ecological gradient in Scotland to investigate the distribution of the species in the aggregate, and we characterized all specimens by morphological, chemical and ITS sequence variation. In our sample, 191 specimens were identified to species using ITS. We confirm that a PCR length assay can be used for separation ofP. saxatiliss. str. fromP. ernstiaeandP. serranabecause across our sample,P. saxatiliss. str. consistently includes a group I intronc. 200 bp. Using sequences for specimen identification, we test previously proposed characters to diagnose specimens and use multivariate analysis to identify the most consistent features which may be used for identification among species. First, we test lobe morphology, presence and amount of pruina, distribution of isidia, lobe tip colour, and chemistry. Second, we use classification trees that quantify the contributions of 1) morphological and chemical factors, and 2) morphological and ecological factors, toa prioriITS-barcoded specimens.Parmelia saxatiliss. str.,P. ernstiaeandP. serranaall occur across the sampled gradient but differ in the frequency of occurrence, withP. saxatiliss. str. more frequent in the relatively drier east, andP. ernstiaemore frequent in the wetter west.Parmelia serranawas collected around a third as often as the other two species, but more frequently on tree branches than expected. For all the morphological characters examined, all the species show some overlap and no morphological features are diagnostic, though trends are apparent by species. The classification tree approach holds promise for discovering the most meaningful variation for field workers to approach correct identifications. Chemical variation using TLC is perhaps the best way to distinguish most specimens but, even here, overlap in chemosyndromes exists among the species.

Deposition and Characterization of Thin Si-B-C-N Films by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering of Composed Si/B4C Target

The effect of the gas mixture composition on the structure, chemical bond character and hardness of Si-B-C-N films was systematically studied. A series of Si-B-C-N films was deposited by reactive dc magnetron sputtering of the target composed of Si disc with B4C chips placed in the sputtering zone of disc. The films were deposited with nitrogen fractions 30-to-70% in Ar/N2 gas mixture and annealed in a vacuum at temperatures up to 1200°C. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, indentation tests. Addition of nitrogen in the gas mixture up to 60% led to an increase of hardness from 13.4 up to 17.8 GPa. With further increase in nitrogen content in gas mixture the film hardness decreased. The latter is caused by formation of the weak B-N bonds as well as C-C and C-C bonds that are characteristic of h-BN-like phase and graphite phase, respectively.

Chemosystematics Using Cuticular Compounds: A Powerful Tool to Separate Species in Mediterranean Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae).

The use of chemical characters to infer a phylogeny is known to be promising to ascertain phylogenetic relationships in controversial groups. Dung beetle classifications containing the Geotrupidae family, based on morphological characters and genes, are debated with respect to the subfamilies, such as the Bolboceratids. In our study, we used different approaches to generate and compare the Geotrupidae phylogenies based on genetics and chemotaxonomy. Cuticular compounds were analyzed for 12 species of Mediterranean dung beetles to build a chemical phylogeny. In addition, mitochondrial and nuclear marker concatenation have been used to elaborate the molecular phylogeny. Using the cuticular compound continuous data, our results showed that each species was associated with a specific chemical pattern and that all individuals belonging to the same species displayed a similar chemical blend. The most distant species was Bolbelasmus gallicus, with an evident distinction from the other species due to several compounds. The maximum parsimony tree showed that all genera belonging to a Geotrupidae subfamily were grouped in the same clade, with B. gallicus species isolated in another clade, similar to the chemotaxonomy grouping. A strong positive correlation between chemotaxonomy and genetic phylogeny has been demonstrated, underlying a genetic basis for cuticular hydrocarbon variations. Our results are congruent with previous studies using morphological or genetic data. Our results also showed that only 10 compounds can be used to distinguish at least six species of dung beetle and that chemotaxonomy could become a useful and affordable tool to determine phylogenetic relationships in insects.

Taxonomy of Crustose Lichens in The Forest of Tahura R. Soeryo, Batu, East Java

Lichen is a symbiotic organism consisting of a photobiont (green algae or cyanobacterium) and a mycobiont (fungal). A taxonomic study of the crustose lichens in the forest of TAHURA R. Soeryohad been conducted based on morphological, anatomical, and chemical characters. In this research, we used the method of descriptive exploration to identify the crustose lichens and to study the distribution of the species in the forest of TAHURA R. Soeryo. Twenty species of crustose lichens with one unidentified species and one specimen identified to the group of family are reported. They are Graphina, Graphis, Phaeographis, Pertusaria, Pachyphiale, Phlyctis, Lepraria, Lecanora, Lecania, Cyphellium, and Megalospora. This research also found the new record species of Megalospora kalbii in Java. Crustose lichens are found in the areas with high light intensity of ≥ 1000 lux, average humidity of ≤ 90%, average temperature of18-190C, and at altitudes of ±1640 dpl. Graphina ruiziana could only be found at the altitude of ± 1780 dpl. The identification key to its species and distributions of other species are presented also in the article.

The Effect of the Chemical Character of Ionic Liquids on Biomass Pre-Treatment and Posterior Enzymatic Hydrolysis.

Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosic biomass valorisation, especially in biomass fractionation into individual polymeric components or direct hydrolysis of some biomass fractions. Considering the chemical character of ionic liquids, two different approaches paved the way for the fractionation of biomass. The first strategy integrated a pre-treatment, hydrolysis and conversion of biomass through the employment of hydrogen-bond acidic 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolim hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid. The second strategy relied on the use of a three-step fractionation process with hydrogen-bond basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate to produce high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions. The proposed approaches were scrutinised for wheat straw and eucalyptus residues. These different biomasses enabled an understanding that enzymatic hydrolysis yields are dependent on the crystallinity of the pre-treated biomass. The use of acetate based ionic liquid allowed crystalline cellulose I to change to cellulose II and consequently enhanced the glucan to glucose yield to 93.1 ± 4.1 mol% and 82.9 ± 1.2 mol% for wheat straw and eucalyptus, respectively. However, for hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid, the same enzymatic hydrolysis yields were 61.6 ± 0.2 mol% for wheat straw and only 7.9 ± 0.3 mol% for eucalyptus residues. These results demonstrate the importance of both ionic liquid character and biomass type for efficient biomass processing.

The effect of understory on cation binding reactions and aluminium behaviour in acidic soils under spruce forest stands (Southern Poland)

Acidic forest soils with two dominant understories, bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) or alpine lady fern (Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz), have been investigated to evaluate the influence of the understory on sorption properties and aluminium behaviour. We investigated acidity, cation exchange properties, organic matter content (SOM) and quality as well as Al bonding to organic matter in humus horizons of soils taken from two different locations. SOM was the major contributor to total cation exchange capacity (CECt) and effective cation exchange capacity (CECe), and a strong relationship was found between SOM and both CECt and CECe, independently of the understory and location. SOM differed in quality, having more fulvic acids in soils under bilberry than in soils under alpine lady fern. For that reason, SOM in soils under bilberry complexed more Al in the exchangeable form in the soluble fulvic acid fraction such that they could be easily washed out, while in soils under alpine lady fern aluminium was mainly bound more stably. We also found that the chemical character of Al depended on the understory type. In soils under bilberry the relation between base saturation and pH could be successfully modelled by a modified Henderson–Hasselbalch equation when Al was considered as a base cation, which is typical for forest podzols. However, in soils under alpine lady fern, this model was efficient only when Al was treated as an acid cation. We concluded that alpine lady fern as the main understory species reduces solubility and potential toxicity of aluminium, thus significantly affecting soil biogeochemistry.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Gd3+ doped TiO2 and Gd2O3 modified TiO2 prepared via ball milling method

Gd3+/TiO2 and Gd2O3/TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by ball milling method. The effects of Gd3+ ion and Gd2O3 on the structure and optical property of TiO2 were studied by XRD and UV-vis DRS. Specific surface area was determined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The morphology and elemental composition were characterized by SEM-EDS. XPS was used to determine the surface compositions and chemical character of elements. The sample sizes and microstructures were observed by TEM. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 nanoparticles modified with rare earth metal gadolinium (Gd3+ ion or Gd2O3) were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light. Experimental results indicate that 2.5 mol% Gd3+/TiO2 shows the best photocatalytic activity compared with Gd2O3/TiO2 and pure TiO2. The existence of gadolinium can exhibit the aggregation and induce lattice distortion of TiO2 obtained from XRD, SEM and TEM results. The band gap energy of 2.5 mol% Gd3+/TiO2 decreases to 3.07 eV and it leads to visible light absorption response which can be seen from UV-vis absorption spectra. The surface area of 2.5 mol% Gd3+/TiO2 equals to 85.8 m2/g and average crystal size is 21.1 nm. EDS and XPS analyses reveal that gadolinium can be introduced either into TiO2 lattice or adsorbed on the surface of TiO2. The content of surface OH groups in 2.5 mol% Gd3+/TiO2 is 50.88% (1.55 times higher than that of pure TiO2) and the content of lattice oxygen decreases to 11.26%. The MB (25 mg/L) degradation reaction rate constants of 2.5 mol% Gd3+/TiO2, 0.5 mol% Gd2O3/TiO2 and pure TiO2 were 0.0713, 0.0588 and 0.0263 min−1, respectively. The degradation rates of rhodamine B (30 mg/L) in 60 min are 97.9%, 90.1% and 84.6% for 2.5 mol% Gd3+/TiO2, 0.5 mol% Gd2O3/TiO2 and pure TiO2, respectively.

Expected and unforeseen reactions of 2,3,3-trimethyl-1λ6-isothiazolidine-1,1,4-trione and their spiro derivative

Herein, we present a full account of our studies with respect to the reactivity of insufficiently explored 1λ6-isothiazolidine-1,1,4-triones (so-called β-keto-γ-sultams). This heterocyclic system possesses two reaction centers: the EWG-activated methylene group and the carbonyl moiety which were investigated in the course of present study. 2,3,3-Trimethyl-1λ6-isothiazolidine-1,1,4-trione and 4-methyl-5λ6-thia-4-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-5,5,7-trione were chosen as representatives of the given class of substances. The former is a classical spatially uncomplicated model substance, the latter bearing a spiranic cyclopropane substituent is interesting in terms of evaluation of strain cycle effects. Indeed, the data obtained convey information about the impact of the highly strained substituent on the reaction centers of the ketosultam core. Thus, in addition to less stability of the strained spiranic ketosultam, the reactivity of its carbonyl group is suppressed whereas the activity of the methylene group is enhanced being compared with the nonspiranic substrate. Apart from the difference in the chemical character of the given β-keto-γ-sultams we faced unprecedented products (1,1-dioxo-5-[2-(triphenylphosphonio)acetyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ6-isothiazol-4-olates) formed during the course of the reaction with the Wittig reagent triphenylcarbethoxymethylenephosphorane.

Next-generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules for the ground and excited state of DHCL

The factors underlying two possible pathways for the Dihydrocostunolide (DHCL) photochemical ring-opening reaction were investigated; the first pathway returned to the ring-closed conformation of the reactant and the second pathway progressed to the ring-opened product. High-level multi-reference DFT methods were used to optimize the two pathways and the density was analyzed using QTAIM and the stress tensor. Oscillations in the chemical character of the fissile bond were found for the first pathway before and after the conical intersection that steered the reaction back to reactant. Conversely, this behavior was absent for the second pathway that led forward to the product.

KARAKTERISTIK KEFIR SUSU SAPI DENGAN INOKULUM RAGI TAPE

Kefir is a fermented milk product that has the typical flavours (acids and alcohol) and its processed by a number of microbes which include lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts.The aims of this study were to know the character of the population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a population of yeasts, and chemical characters among others total acid, pH and alcohol levels in kefir milk with inoculum ragi tape. The population of LAB and the population of yeast were calculated with the method of calculation of Total Plate Count. The levels of total acid titration method were determined by the acid. Acidity was measured using a pH meter and alcohol levels were determined by the method of Conway Micro Diffusion. The results showed that the number of LAB has increased to 24 hour fermentations of 9.01 log cells/ml (1,1x109 cells/ml), then the number of cells did not change much until the fermentation time was 48 hours and 72 hours of fermentation on the decline of 8.07 log cells /ml (1,2x108 cells/ml) while the yeast experiences increased from 6 hours to 24 hours, then the amount of yeast did not much change from the 24 to 72 hours of the highest number of yeasts during fermentation 48 hours an amount of 6.12 log cells /ml (1,3x106 cells/ml) and the amount of yeasts did not decline at the time of 72 hours. Total acid continued to experience increased with the number of 0.38-1.24%, pH continued to decline from 6,47-4.27 and alcohol levels continued to experience increased with the number of 0.05-0.38% b/v. Keywords: Inoculum, Kefir Milk, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Ragi Tape, Yeast

Aquatic beetles Cercyon unipunctatus as bioindicators of pollution in Lake Edku and Mariut, Egypt.

The lakes of the North Delta give a rich and imperative territory for marine fish and its regeneration, and have dependably been major areas of fish creation in Egypt, 75% of the production was collected from them. As of late, many difficulties are confronting these lakes and prompt the exhaustion of fish production from them. The aim of the present study is to evaluate different inorganic pollutants in Coleopterons aquatic insect (Cercyon unipunctatus) taken from both Lake Edku and Mariut and also, to estimate their effect on oxidative stress markers and chromosomal aberrations. The average concentrations of heavy metals differ in the two locations. The concentration of (Pb, Cd, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mn) was significantly higher in water samples of Lake Mariut than those of Lake Edku. Also, the present work, showed the physical and chemical characters of the two lakes water. In the current study, the obtained results showed that there was a significant increase in (Pb, Cd, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mn) concentrations in C. unipunctatus tissues which were collected from Lake Mariut. The biochemical parameters of oxidative stress have been affected by the pollution in Lake Mariut water. Significant increases in the activity level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde concentration were recorded, while there were significant decreases in (total protein content, GSH content, and GPx activity). The result of chromosomal aberration test showed that there were different types of aberrations as binucleate cell, lagging chromosome, and abnormal distribution of chromosomes. The obtained data showed that C. unipunctatus highly affected by environmental stressors in water. So we suggest that these beetles could be a suitable monitor for ecotoxicological studies.