Chemical Analysis Of Essential Oil Research Articles

Chemical Analysis of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Eugenia argentea Bedd

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of Eugenia argentea was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-five constituents comprising 98.5% of the oil were identified. The leaf oil was characterized by the abundance of three major classes of sesquiterpenoids, viz. caryophyllanes, cadinanes and germacranes. β-Caryophyllene (18.0%), δ-cadinene (7.8%) and germacrene-D (7.1%) were the major constituents in the leaf oil. No monoterpenes were detected in the leaf oil

Application of Lavandula officinalis L. antioxidant of essential oils in shelf life of confectionary

Chemically synthesized compounds such as butylated hydroxy-anisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are used as antioxidants in food products. The safety of some of these compounds have been a great concern. So, there is a great interest in finding antioxidants from natural sources for food. Lipids, known as Lavandula officinalis L. in this work, harvested in the north of Iran was distilled in a Clevenger apparatus to obtain essential oil, which was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spetrophotometry (MS). Antioxidant activity of essential oil was evaluated by peroxide value, iodine value and conjugated dienes. Also, the influence of this antioxidant on the shelf life of the confection’s type was investigated. As a result, 1,8-cineole and borneol were the most used components in the chemical analysis of essential oils. Free fatty acid from the 1st to 9th week was increased significantly and as such, peroxide value increased directly with storage time. Variation of both synthetic and natural antioxidant in the aspect of iodine values was reduced slowly. However, conjugated dienes changes in oil sample containing essential oil and the BHA still remains the same. Keywords: Antioxidant, Lavandula officinalis L., GC-MS, peroxide value, iodine value

Biological effects of Ocimum gratissimum L. are due to synergic action among multiple compounds present in essential oil

Species of genus Ocimum (Lamiaceae) are economically important due to their essential oils and utilization as medicine for many disorders, including the central nervous system. A previous study showed seasonal variations in chemical profile and in central nervous system activities of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum L. The preparation obtained in spring was able to protect the animals against tonic episodes induced by electroshock while those obtained in other seasons were effective in increasing barbiturate-induced sleeping time. The chemical analysis of essential oils showed eugenol and 1,8-cineole as principal compounds and trans-caryophyllene as a sesquiterpene in higher proportion. In the present study these three compounds were evaluated, separately or mixed in the same proportion detected in spring, in the open-field and rota-rod tests, against convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 60 mg/kg, subcutaneously, s.c.) or maximal electroshock (MES; 50 mA, 0.11 s) and in sodium pentobarbital (45 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, i.p.)-induced sleeping time. The compounds, isolated or in association, did not show efficaciousness in altering convulsive episodes, and only when in association were able to increase sleeping time duration. The absence of similar essential oil activity in the isolated compounds contributes to the idea that the major compounds are not always responsible for a biological effect observed in medicinal plant preparations. This view reinforces the concept of a multitargeted approach as a therapeutic strategy, contributing to an integrated understanding of the phenomena related to experimental activity of a complex herbal mixture.

Chemical characterization of volatile oils of different parts of Satureja Bachtarica Bunge

In this study, essential oils from different organs of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge were obtained by hydro-distillation. Quality and quantity of chemical composition of essential oils were determined by capillary gas chromatography and using gas-chromatography and mass spectrometric detection. The numbers of compounds were identified in the essential oils of leaves; stem and aerial parts were 45, 39 and 35, respectively. Also, carvacrol was the main component found in essential oils from leaves (39.3%), stem (39.4%) and aerial parts (67.88%) of S. bachtiarica in flowering stage. In addition, results showed that there were some different in compositions of the essential oils of different parts of S. bachtiarica and there are some minor components in each oil that are not present in the others parts. In addition chemical analysis of essential oils obtained from leaves and stem of S. bachtiarica were rich in oxygenated monoterepens (55.64% and 67.53%) while oxygenated monoterepen (77.22%) were the main class of compounds in the essential oils from aerial parts of S. bachtiarica. Results of this study showed that the essential oils from different organs of S. bachtiarica have a potential to be used as a new carvacrol source in drug and food industries.

Chemical analysis of essential oils from cone's rosin of Cilician fir (Abies cilicica subsp. cilicica)

The essential oil from the resin of cones of Abies cilicica (Ant. Et Kotschy.) subsp.cilicia Carr. (Abieta-ceae) grown in Turkey was obtained by the hydro-distillation method and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that the essential oil contained about 92.78% mono-terpenes, 2.7% oxygenated monoterpenes and 1.78% sesquiterpenes. Major components of the oil are as follows; a-pinene (68.19%), b-pinene (11.91%) and myrcene (8.62%). Key words: Essential oil, Abies cilicica, Turkey, cone, resin, chemical, composition.

Chemical and Biomolecular Characterization of Artemisia umbelliformis Lam., an Important Ingredient of the Alpine Liqueur “Genepì”

Artemisia umbelliformis Lam., an important alpine plant used for the preparation of flavored beverages, showed a remarkable intraspecific variability, at both genomic and gene product (secondary metabolites) levels. The variability of A. umbelliformis Lam. currently cultivated in Piedmont (Italy, Au1) and in Switzerland (Au2) was investigated by combining the chemical analysis of essential oil and sesquiterpene lactones and the molecular characterization of the 5S-rRNA-NTS gene by PCR and PCR-RFLP. Marked differences were observed between the two plants. Au1 essential oil contained alpha- and beta-thujones as the main components, whereas Au2 contained 1,8-cineole, borneol, and beta-pinene. Au1 sesquiterpene lactone fractions contained cis-8-eudesmanolide derivatives and Au2 the trans-6-germacranolide costunolide. Specific A. umbelliformis Au1 and Au2 primers were designed on the sequence of the 5S-rRNA gene spacer region. Furthermore, a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was applied using RsaI and TaqI restriction enzymes. Chemical and biomolecular data contributed to the characterization of A. umbeliformis chemotypes.

Essential oil of Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis

The essential oil isolated from flowers of Arnica montana and A chamissonis grown on Tara mountain and neighbourhood of Uzice was analyzed. Three samples of A. montana and three of A. chamissonis were tested. The oil was isolated by distillation in a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography. The content of the oil was lower than 0.1% (up to 0.08%) in all the samples. Among about hundred recorded constituents, 84 were identified and quantified. Sum of contents of identified components ranged between 96.1 and 98.8%. The most abundant constituents of the A. montana oil were p-caryophyllene (31.5-34.6%), germacrene D (12.5-16.3%), trans-a-ionone (3.9-4.3%) and decanal (2.7-5.3%), while, in the case of A. chamissonis these were germacrene D (18.0-38.3%), a-pinene (6.6-19.1%), p-cymene (2.9-9.0%) and P-caryophyllene (2.7-4.7%). Along with detail chemical analysis of essential oil of these two commercially important herbal drugs it should be noticed that gas chromatographic technique can be used for differentiation of A. montana and A. chamissonis.

Chemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of essential oil extracted from Helichrysum aureonitens

Helichrysum species are well distributed throughout South Africa and are commonly used in ethnomedicine. In the Eastern Cape, H. aureonitens is often used by traditional healers to treat wounds. Chemical analysis of the essential oil obtained through hydrodistillation of the aerial part of the plant revealed pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole and a-terpineol as the prominent compounds of the oil. Eight compounds were identified from the essential oil of the herb, for the first time. The oil had a significant inhibitory effect on Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria. Based on its high content of 1,8-cineol oil it was classified as a medicinal essential oil.

Chemical analysis of essential oils of malagasy medicinal plants by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy

AbstractIn Collaboration with the Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées, Antananarivo, the composition of the essential oils of medicinal plants indigenous to or cultivated in Madagascar was determined. The aim of the study was the evaluation of these plants for their possible safe use in many products of wide consumption such as foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals or cosmetics.Analyses were performed coupling the data obtained by capillary gas chromatography and 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR techniques. The 13C‐NMR spectroscopy proved to be an important tool, which can be very useful in the identification of main constituents, whereas only partial indications can be obtained for minor components. The results of the analyses of the essential oils of commercial plants (Cinnamomum camphora Nees and Eberm., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn., Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Eucalyptus spp., Melaleuca viridiflora Soland. ex Gaertn., Ocimum gratissmium L.) and endemic species (i.e., Helichrysum gymnocephalum Humbert, Priadia goyavia Berger, Ravensara anisata Danguy and Choux) are reported. Some antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli of the essential oils are also reported.