Cheek Biting Research Articles

Incidence of oral habits in children with mixed dentition.

Recognition and elimination of an oral habit is of utmost importance in the treatment of periodontal disease. It is not probable that the influence of such a factor can lead to the alteration of gingival dimension, but a cofactor role of oral habits in the development of gingival recession has been acclaimed. The purpose of this study was to present cross-sectional data from an epidemiological study performed in two urban settlements in Zagreb, Croatia. The study was performed in 1025 children, in an attempt to try and discover the incidence of oral habits in children with mixed dentition, aged from 6 to 11 years. About 33.37% of the screened population exhibited oral habits, such as nail and object biting, non-nutritive sucking, simple tongue thrusting and lip or cheek biting. Chi-square test analysis showed no statistically significant differences between sex and age groups, a result that does not exclude the oral habits from aetiology of the periodontal pathology. We can conclude that oral habits are a frequent finding, although the cause relation to periodontitis has yet to be cleared completely.

Risk factors for oral soft tissue lesions in an adult Spanish population.

The aims of this study were (i) to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in adults over 30 years old in the city of Oviedo (Spain), and (ii) to analyze the relationship between the prevalence of oral lesions, toxic habits (tobacco and alcohol) and denture wearers in these patients. A representative sample of the adult population in Oviedo (Spain) was obtained through randomized sampling (n = 753); a total of 308 (41%) subjects were finally included in the study. The observed oral pathology was classified according to the WHO criteria and earlier epidemiological studies. A little over half of all patients (51.1%) had oral lesions. The most frequent lesions were frictional lesion (7.5%), traumatic ulcer (7.1%), denture stomatitis and pseudomembranous candidosis (6.5%), followed by melanin pigmentation (5.8%) and denture-induced hyperplasia (5.2%), plicated tongue (3.9%), lichen planus and hemangioma (3.2%), angular cheilitis and cheek biting (2.9%), fibrous hyperplasia and coated tongue (2.6%), recurrent aphthae (1.9%) and oral leukoplakia (1.6%). In relation to leukoplakia, the odds ratio (OR) of heavy drinkers was 15.98 and the OR of heavy smokers was 12.37. The OR of heavy smokers or heavy drinkers diagnosed of frictional lesion was four times greater than that of nonsmokers or nondrinkers. The OR of heavy smokers with melanic pigmentations was 4.08. The OR of complete denture wearers with candidosis was 11.38. The OR of partial removable denture wearers with hemangioma was 5.01. This study shows the relation of heavy tobacco and heavy alcohol to traumatic keratosis and leukoplakia, and of complete dentures to pseudomembranous candidosis, fibrous hyperplasia and stomatitis. Programs designed to eradicate toxic factors (alcohol and tobacco) should, therefore, be implemented with adequate maintenance of dentures.

The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a population in Ljubljana, Slovenia

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and conditions in a population in Ljubljana, capital of Slovenia. A total 1609 subjects represented the study population in the survey about the periodontal treatment needs in a population in Ljubljana, conducted from 1983 to 1987. Ten years later the same 1609 subjects were invited to the second examination. Altogether, 555 (34.5%) of the invited subjects in the age range 25-75 years came for an interview and clinical examination at the Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology of the Dental Clinic in Ljubljana. Oral mucosal lesions and conditions were evaluated according to the WHO Guide to Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Oral Mucosal Diseases and Conditions. The results showed the presence of one or more mucosal lesions in 61.6% of the population. Fordyce's condition was observed the most frequently (49.7%) followed by: fissured tongue (21.1%), varices (16.2%), history of herpes labialis (16.0%), history of recurrent aphthae (9.7%), denture stomatitis (4.3%), leukoplakia (3.1%), cheek biting (2.7%), lichen planus (2.3%), frictional keratosis (2.2%), geographic tongue (2.2%), geographic and fissured tongue together (1.1%), mucocele (0.9%), smoker's palate (0.5%) and angular chelitis (0.4%). In the population examined, no oral malignancies were observed. Mucosal lesions like whitish lesions, denture related lesions, fissured tongue, varices and mucocele were more prevalent with increasing age. Tobacco-related lesions (leukoplakia and smoker's palate together) were significantly more prevalent among men than among women (P<0.05), while lichen planus, denture stomatitis and herpes labialis occurred more frequently in the female population.

Betel chewer's mucosa--a review.

Betel chewer's mucosa (BCM) was first described and defined in 1971. Its clinical appearance is characterised by a brownish-red discolouration of the oral mucosa with an irregular epithelial surface that has a tendency to desquamate or peel off. The buccal mucosa is most frequently affected. The prevalence of BCM varies between 0.2% and 60% in different studies from South and Southeast Asia. Women are more frequently affected than men. Betel chewer's mucosa may be found together with other oral mucosal lesions such as leukoedema, leukoplakia and ulceration. The histological features are characteristic. The epithelium is often hyperplastic, and brownish amorphous material derived from the betel quid may be demonstrated not only on the epithelial surface but also intra- and inter-cellularly. Ballooning of epithelial cells may occur. The etiology is traumatic and possibly chemical. Betel chewer's mucosa is most likely not precancerous. Differential diagnoses include cheek biting, with which it has a number of similarities, and other predominantly white lesions that may have taken up stains from tobacco and other substances. The natural history of BCM should be studied in more detail and its association with other oral mucosal diseases, particularly of a precancerous nature, should be the aim of further investigations.

Modified maxillary occlusal splint for prevention of cheek biting: A clinical report

Modified maxillary occlusal splint for prevention of cheek biting: A clinical report

Morsicatio Buccarum et Labiorum (Excessive Cheek and Lip Biting)

In some individuals habitual cheek and lip biting becomes a fixed neurosis. Pieces of oral mucosa are actually torn free from the surface, producing a distinctive clinical appearance termed morsicatio buccarum et labiorum. Sometimes it may be confused with other dermatological disorders involving the oral mucosa, and can lead to misdiagnosis. Most patients with this condition are unaware of their habit and will not aid in the diagnosis. We suggest that the histopathological features of this condition are distinctive, if not pathognomonic, and that an accurate diagnosis should be rendered if a biopsy sample is taken. Two cases are reported herein that were originally misdiagnosed as pemphigus, one of which resulted in complications of improper oral corticosteroid use.

An interim prosthesis to prevent lip and cheek biting

An interim prosthesis to prevent lip and cheek biting

Leukoplakia, lichen planus, and other oral keratoses in 23,616 white Americans over the age of 35 years

This investigation provides the first detailed population-based reporting of white keratotic lesions of the oral mucosa in a United States population. More than 21% of 3,783 oral mucosal and connective tissue lesions reported from 23,616 white Americans, usually over 35 years of age, were keratotic lesions, representing 3.4% of the entire group of examinees. Leukoplakia was the most common of all lesions diagnosed and was the most common of the keratotic lesions (85.5% of the latter). The prevalence rate for leukoplakia was 28.9 1,000 white Americans over 35 years of age and was twice as high for males as for females ( 43.2 1,000 males versus 20.9 1,000 females). Age-specific leukoplakia prevalence rates demonstrated a tenfold increase for males from the third to the eighth decade of life, and twofold increase for females from the fourth to the seventh decade. Sites of leukoplakia involvement, in decreasing order of frequency, were lip vermilion, buccal mucosa, mandibular gingiva, tongue, oral floor, hard palate, maxillary gingiva, lip mucosa, and soft palate. Almost 7% of leukoplakias demonstrated carcinoma or severe dysplasia microscopically. Prevalence rates for other white oral mucosal lesions were tobacco/snuff pouch keratosis, 1.6 1,000 ; chronic cheek bite, 1.2 1,000 ; lichen planus, 1.1 1,000 ; palatitis nicotina, 0.7 1,000 ; and leukoedema, 0.3 1,000 .

Oral leukoplakia and other white lesions of the oral mucosa related to dermatological disorders

"White lesions" of the oral mucosa often present problems of differential diagnosis, which are of primary importance when assessing precancerous changes in the mouth. The precancerous character of oral leukoplakia is well established, and the "high-risk" type: erosive-dysplastic leukoplakia of greater malignant potential, has been thoroughly investigated. Because of their possible association with oral carcinoma, some clinical types of oral lichen planus, namely, the atrophic erosive forms, indicate caution in their treatment and supervision. Epithelial dysplasia is often associated with candidiasis and discoid lupus erythematosus, but neither these, nor such other white lesions as white sponge naevus or morsicatio buccarum, are considered to be preneoplastic. All these white lesions may be clearly identified, differentiated, and circumscribed as clinico-pathological disease-entities, by clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural methods, thus facilitating early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of possible malignancy.

CHEEKBITING (MORSICATIO BUCCARUM).

The compulsion neurosis loosely called cheekbiting may lead to the formation of various changes depending on the anomaly on which the habit becomes fixed: the common transverse ridges along the lines of occlusion, soft nodules termed diapneusie buccale produced by sucking through a defect in the dental wall, fibrosis of the oral mucosa from the long-continued administration of diphenylhydantoin in epileptics, and a highly distinctive picture closely resembling moniliasis based on lichen planus and congenital epithelial abnormalities. A patient who showed this variety fixed on white sponge nevus is reported. The term morsicatio buccarum is recommended because this form is the only manifestation of the neurosis in which the patient actually bites off pieces of mucous membranes. Microscopic examination is necessary to rule out moniliasis, and biopsy is essential for the diagnosis of white sponge nevus because the compulsive habit may also occur superimposed on lichen planus. It is postulated that cheekbiting, like the self-inflicted dermatoses on the glabrous skin, is fixed on abnormal tissue. The psychiatric implications of the neurosis are discussed.

Third Molars as Periodontal Problems

Nearly all potentially impacted third molars should be extracted at an early age to prevent faulty development of the supporting tissues on the distal of second molars and or loss of supporting structures following the extraction of third molars. Periodontal hazards associated with extraction are minimal prior to completion of the roots of the second molar. Loss of supporting structures related to the close approximation of third molars to second molars can host be treated by prevention, i.e., prophylactic extraction of third molars at an early age. Completely covered, deeply impacted third molars should not be extracted merely because they are impacted, especially in persons beyond the early or middle twenties, and where generalized periodontal disease exists. Partially covered or apparently covered third molars should be extracted even though seemingly asymptomatic, since incipient chronic destructive periodontal disease frequently involves the distal aspect of the second molars in such cases. Delay in extraction only allows the destructive process to continue and limits periodontal treatment. In view of the prevalence of gingivitis, decay, cheek biting, and difficulty in cleaning third molars which are in normal position, the prophylactic extraction of potentially normally positioned third molars appears to be justified. Because of the possibility of loss of bone and the development of a deep pocket and/or root exposure, extraction of third molars should be carried out with a minimum of trauma to the second molar and its supporting structures.

Cheek biting

Cheek biting

SELF-INFLICTED BITE

Abstract Cases of self-inflicted dental injuries (nail, knuckle, finger, lip, cheek biting) are nail anomaly of obscure pathogenesis. discusscd. These cases are true morsus humanus as the bite from one person to another. Methods of prevention and treatment are discussed.

Self-inflicted bite

Cases of self-inflicted dental injuries (nail, knuckle, finger, lip, cheek biting) are nail anomaly of obscure pathogenesis. discusscd. These cases are true morsus humanus as the bite from one person to another. Methods of prevention and treatment are discussed.

Vulcanite Cheek-Plates in the Treatment of Habitual Cheek Biting and Cheek Sucking: Report of a Case of Lichen Planus of the Buccal Mucosa

Dog bites are considered to be septic injuries, and their location on the face, with its highly symbolic topography and important social functions, is particularly pertinent.In addition to specific medical aspects, such as their psychological impact, they are also of relevance in terms of child protection measures. In light of the far-reaching importance of this subject, we were prompted to carry out a prospective study, over 13 years, to identify risk factors. Our results highlight specific risk factors, and they may hence assist with the implementation of concrete primary prevention measures against dog bites.An information sheet was prepared and filled out during the intake of patients who had been bitten on the face. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info Version 6.04dfr software to find a correlation between the factors studied and the dog bite to the face.Dog bites to the face represented 0.83% of the emergency admissions to our service. A considerable majority of these involved children, with 68.5% of patients <16 years of age, and 33.3% of patients aged between 2 and 5 years. The wounds were multiple and of variable severity. The type of dog involved was frequently a German Shepherd. Strikingly, 91.3% of bites had occurred in a single-parent environment.Our study has determined that the fundamental factors that increase the probability of a dog bite to the face are as follows: the child being 2–5 years old, a single-parent context, and involvement of a German Shepherd-type dog.