Checklist Scores Research Articles

Proportion, Pattern, and Predictors of Falls in Older Adults - A Community-based Observational Study in Rural West Bengal.

In spite of falls being a major public health problem, where most of the falls are preventable, there is a lack of epidemiological investigation among those aged 50 and above, especially in developing countries. Hence, we investigate the proportion, pattern, and predictors of falls in this age group. This cross-sectional community-based study was done in the Uluberia-II block of Howrah district, West Bengal, from February to July 2021. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to meet the sample size. Data were collected with the help of a structured interview schedule. Predictors were estimated by the SPSS version 16 and defined in adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval. Among 170 study participants, 34.7% (59/170) experienced at least one episode of fall, while 20.6% (35/170) experienced recurrent falls in 12 months. Most (78%; 46/59) falls occurred in the home environment and due to slippage (67.8%; 40/59) on the floor. 84.7% (50/59) sustained any type of injuries, 47.5% (28/59) required either consultation of a physician or medication, and 6.8% (4/59) required hospitalization. Safety Checklist Score measured 75.3% (128/170) had a poor household environment, within that 30.6% (52/170) had a seriously poor household environment, which was an important predictor of falls ([AOR] = 3.59 [1.24-10.38]). Fear of fall (AOR = 6.18 [1.77-21.53]) measured by shortfall efficacy scale and nonformal education (AOR = 5.05 [1.33-19.07]) were also predictors of falls. Considerable proportion of falls occurred in the past year, which can be preventable by improving modifiable environmental factors and detection of fear of fall in persons at different levels of health-care facilities.

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress in military health personnel in training exposed to COVID-19

Objective The COVID-19 health crisis triggered an increase in prevalence of psychological distress in health personnel in training. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress in health personnel who have cared for patients with COVID-19. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out, from March to September 2021, among health personnel enrolled in some medical specialty of the Military Graduate School of Health. Symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress were measured, as well as associated demographic factors. Results A study sample of 170 health personnel in training were surveyed online; 76% reported being a doctor and 24% were nurses, 54% were female sex, 52% in the age group between 30 and 39 years, most with single marital status and no children. Of the participating health personnel, we found prevalence’s of 30% anxiety, 34% depression, and 6% post-traumatic stress. When performing Pearson’s correlation, it was found that variables such as infected family member, number of times infected, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), were significantly associated with the total of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) score. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant psychological impact, manifesting itself in the form of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress in military health personnel in training. Therefore, it is of great importance to detect at least this psychic discomfort from the pandemic in front-line personnel, so that decision-makers in health policies address them as priority problems for health personnel.

Simulation-based Mastery Learning Improves Emergency Medicine Residents' Ability to Perform Temporary Transvenous Cardiac Pacing.

Temporary transvenous cardiac pacing (TVP) is a critical intervention that emergency physicians perform infrequently in clinical practice. Prior simulation studies revealed that emergency medicine (EM) residents and board-certified emergency physicians perform TVP poorly during checklist-based assessments. Our objective in this report was to describe the design and implementation of a simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) curriculum and evaluate its impact on EM residents' ability to perform TVP. An expert panel of emergency physicians and cardiologists set a minimum passing standard (MPS) for a previously developed 30-item TVP checklist using the Mastery Angoff approach. Emergency medicine residents were assessed using this checklist and a high-fidelity TVP task trainer. Residents who did not meet the MPS during baseline testing viewed a procedure video and completed a 30-minute individual deliberate practice session before retesting. Residents who did not meet the MPS during initial post-testing completed additional deliberate practice and assessment until meeting or exceeding the MPS. The expert panel set an MPS of correctly performing 28 (93.3%) checklist items. Fifty-seven EM residents participated. Mean checklist scores improved from 13.4 (95% CI 11.8-15.0) during baseline testing to 27.5 (95% CI 26.9-28.1) during initial post-testing (P < 0.01). No residents met the MPS at baseline testing. The 21 (36.8%) residents who did not meet the MPS during initial post-testing all met or exceeded the MPS after completing one additional 30-minute deliberate practice session. Emergency medicine residents demonstrated significantly improved TVP performance with reduced variability in checklist scores after completing a simulation-based mastery learning curriculum.

General psychopathology factor (p-factor) prediction using resting-state functional connectivity and a scanner-generalization neural network

The general psychopathology factor (p-factor) represents shared variance across mental disorders based on psychopathologic symptoms. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study offers an unprecedented opportunity to investigate functional networks (FNs) from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) associated with the psychopathology of an adolescent cohort (n > 10,000). However, the heterogeneities associated with the use of multiple sites and multiple scanners in the ABCD Study need to be overcome to improve the prediction of the p-factor using fMRI. We proposed a scanner-generalization neural network (SGNN) to predict the individual p-factor by systematically reducing the scanner effect for resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). We included 6905 adolescents from 18 sites whose fMRI data were collected using either Siemens or GE scanners. The p-factor was estimated based on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores available in the ABCD study using exploratory factor analysis. We evaluated the Pearson's correlation coefficients (CCs) for p-factor prediction via leave-one/two-site-out cross-validation (LOSOCV/LTSOCV) and identified important FNs from the weight features (WFs) of the SGNN. The CCs were higher for the SGNN than for alternative models when using both LOSOCV (0.1631 ± 0.0673 for the SGNN vs. 0.1497 ± 0.0710 for kernel ridge regression [KRR]; p < 0.05 from a two-tailed paired t-test) and LTSOCV (0.1469 ± 0.0381 for the SGNN vs. 0.1394 ± 0.0359 for KRR; p = 0.01). It was found that (a) the default-mode and dorsal attention FNs were important for p-factor prediction, and (b) the intra-visual FN was important for scanner generalization. We demonstrated the efficacy of our novel SGNN model for p-factor prediction while simultaneously eliminating scanner-related confounding effects for RSFC.

CARE TO PLAN: TAILORING RESOURCES FOR DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS ACROSS A HEALTH SYSTEM

Abstract Each day, millions of persons with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) rely on family members for necessary care and support. While there are many well-documented interventions to support ADRD caregivers, they lack individualization for specific caregiver needs and contexts. Care to Plan (CtP) was designed to address this gap in tailoring recommendations to support caregivers. After a Phase I pilot, CtP was refined and implemented within a moderately sized health system in the eastern US. A mixed-methods randomized controlled trial aimed to provide insights into the efficacy, acceptability, and utility of CtP. Twenty-two caregivers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (to review the CtP tool with a senior care navigator) and 21 were assigned to receive usual care. After completion of usual care procedures, 7 participants joined a waitlist control group, following treatment procedures. Three- and six-month outcomes included caregiver self-efficacy and distress, caregiver use of recommended support, and service utilization by the person with memory loss. Most caregivers were white (81%), female (74%), and cared for a parent (56%) or spouse (35%). The majority of caregivers agreed that the tool was helpful (70%) and would recommend it to other caregivers (83%). While 48% of caregivers felt that resources provided by the tool were not new to them, the checklist scores and interviews indicate that the senior care navigators were valuable in discussing the recommendations. Phase II findings will guide future evaluation and dissemination, and inform future models of CtP for health system usage.

WAYFINDING DESIGN IN LONG-TERM-CARE COMMUNITIES: EVALUATION OF COMPLEXITY

Abstract Wayfinding, the ability to find one’s way, is a significant problem for many older adults; especially those with cognitive impairment. Long term care communities (LTCC) are often fraught with challenges for wayfinding. Those who cannot find their way are at risk for decreased engagement and loss of independence. A critical need is to assess architectural and design features that promote effective wayfinding in an objective way. This study describes the results of a wayfinding design evaluation of 12 LTCC (4 Assisted living; 2 Independent Living; and 6 mixed residency). We measured space syntax axial integration (SSAI; a measure of the visual connectedness) and a Revised Wayfinding Checklist. The results showed low integration values in all communities, ranging from an R3 of 1.43-2.03, indicating low connectedness (and increased wayfinding complexity). The Checklist score totals ranged from 23 – 34 (M = 27.45) out of a possible total of 17 – 51. Results showed that the buildings were overall complex, all had long corridors (&amp;gt;100 feet), over half used multiple elevators to get to common areas; and over 60% had complex, multi-building layouts. Design wise, visibly accessible restrooms were not present; over half of the LTCC had insufficient lighting; and signage color/contrast and letter size was less than recommended. All sites had few directional signs at decision points. Thus, the review of these LTCC showed that most buildings were very complex, with low connectedness, and had room to improve design features like signage and lighting to support wayfinding ability for the residents.

Do Parental Comorbidities Affect the Severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by defective social communication and interaction with a repetitive pattern of monotonous or stereotyped behavior.Although the exact etiology of ASD is unknown, many factors may be implicated in the development of ASD.We aimed to determine the correlation between specific parental factors and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) scores. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Prince Nasser Bin Abdulaziz Center for Autism, Autism Center for Excellence, and Academy of Special Education for Autism in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We enrolled children diagnosed with ASD and their parents from these centers. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires to the patients' parents. Results All included children were <18 years old. In total, 71 (92.2%) children were male and six (7.8%) were female. Further, 77 (100%) patients were diagnosed with autistic disorder. Children of consanguineous parents, underweight mothers and obese fathers, mothers with a history of depression during pregnancy, and mothers aged ≥31 years during pregnancy tend to have a higher mean ATEC score. The health domain was the most significantly correlated with ATEC scores, with a Pearson correlation of 0.880. In linear regression analysis, only maternal depression during pregnancy was significantly correlated with ATEC scores. Conclusion Our patients had a mean ATEC score of 86.2. The health domain was the most significantly correlated with ATEC scores, with a Pearson correlation of 0.880. Linear regression analysis revealed that consanguinity, parental chronic disease, parental allergy, smoking, druguse during pregnancy, paternal and maternal body mass index (BMI), and siblingnumber were not significantly correlated with ATEC scores (P=0.701, 0.693, 0.133, 0.874, 0.982, 0.255, 0.778, and 0.502, respectively). However, maternal depression during pregnancy was significantly correlated with ATEC scores (P=0.055).

Role of Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review.

The gut microbiome helpsmaintainhomeostasis in the body, but what if the gut experiences imbalance? It would lead to dysbiosis - which is involved in multiple diseases, including but not limited to cardiovascular diseases, the most common cause of mortality around the globe. This research paper aims to explain all the possible mechanisms known linking the gut microbiome to the contribution of worsening cardiovascular events. PubMed and Google Scholar were thoroughly explored to learn the role of the gut microbiome in cardiovascular events. A systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to analyze the possible pathways and the metabolites included in the study. Thirteenreview articles were selected based on the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) and the scale for the assessment of non-systematic review articles (SANRA) checklist scores. In this article, we have discussed the role of the gut microbiome in atherosclerosis, hypertension, metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, coronary artery disease, etc. Various pathways tomodifythe gut microbiome are also discussed, along with the use of probiotics. Finally, we discussed the role of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiome metabolite, as a biomarker for the prognosis of various diseases. This study concluded that the gut microbiome does play a crucial role in the worsening of cardiovascular diseases and the metabolites of which can be used as biomarkers in the prognosis of cardiovascular events.

Maternal age at birth and child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: causal association or familial confounding?

Causal explanations for the association of young motherhood with increased risk for child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain unclear. The ABCD Study recruited 11,878 youth from 22 sites across the United States between June 1, 2016 and October 15, 2018. This cross-sectional analysis of 8,514 children aged 8-11 years excluded 2,260 twins/triplets, 265 adopted children, and 839 younger siblings. We examined associations of maternal age with ADHD clinical range diagnoses based on the Child Behavior Checklist and NIH Toolbox Flanker Attention Scores using mixed logistic and linear regression models, respectively. We conducted confounding and causal mediation analyses using genotype array, demographic, socioeconomic, and prenatal environment data to investigate which genetic and environmental variables may explain the association between young maternal age and child ADHD. In crude models, each 10-year increase in maternal age was associated with 32% decreased odds of ADHD clinical range diagnosis (OR=0.68; 95% CI [0.59, 0.78]) and 1.09-points increased NIH Flanker Attention Scores (β= 1.09; 95% CI [0.76, 1.41]), indicating better child visual selective attention. However, adjustment for confounders weakened these associations. The strongest confounders were family income, caregiver education, and ADHD polygenic risk score for ADHD clinical range diagnoses, and family income, caregiver education, and race/ethnicity for NIH Flanker Attention Scores. Breastfeeding duration, prenatal alcohol exposure, and prenatal tobacco exposure were responsible for up to 18%, 6%, and 4% mediation, respectively. Socioeconomic disadvantages were likely the primary explanation for the association of young maternal age with child ADHD, although genetics and modifiable environmental factors also played a role. Public policies aimed at reducing the burden of ADHD associated with young motherhood should target socioeconomic inequalities and support young pregnant women by advocating for reduced prenatal tobacco exposure and healthy breastfeeding practices after childbirth.

Maximum downward slope of sleep slow waves as a potential marker of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder clinical phenotypes

BackgroundAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly heterogeneous diagnostic category, encompassing several endophenotypes and comorbidities, including sleep problems. However, no predictor of clinical long-term trajectories or comorbidity has yet been established. Sleep EEG has been proposed as a potential tool for evaluating the synaptic strength during development, as well as the cortical thickness, which is presumed to be altered in ADHD. We investigated whether the slope of the Slow Waves (SWs), a microstructural parameter of the sleep EEG, was a potential predictive parameter for psychiatric comorbidities and neuropsychological dimensions in ADHD. Methods70 children (58 m; 8.76 ± 2.77 y) with ADHD who underwent psychiatric and neurologic evaluations and a standard EEG recording during naps were investigated. After sleep EEG analysis, we grouped the extracted SWs in bins of equal amplitude and then measured the associations, through generalized linear regression, between their maximum downward slopes (MDS) and the individual scores obtained from clinical rating scales. ResultsThe presence of Multiple Anxiety Disorders was positively associated with MDS of medium amplitude SWs in temporo-posterior left areas. The Child Behavior Checklist scores showed negative associations in the same areas for small SWs. The presence of autistic traits was positively associated with MDS of high amplitude SWs in bilateral anterior and temporal left areas. The WISC-IV Processing Speed Index showed negative associations with MDS of small-to-medium SWs in anterior and temporal right areas, while positive associations in posterior and temporal left areas. ConclusionsConsistency of association clusters' localization on the scalp suggests that variations in the local MDS, revealing alterations of local synaptic strength and/or in daytime use of certain cortical circuits, could underlie specific neurodevelopmental trajectories resulting in different ADHD clinical phenotypes.

Evaluation of children with ADHD and their psychiatric symptoms

" Background: Mental disorders, especially in children, can be manifested in different ways, which is of great importance to them, so the purpose of this evaluation was to evaluate the changes in psychiatric symptoms in children with ADHD. Method: This evaluation was performed as a descriptive-analytic study on 141 children with ADHD who were followed up for 6 months. At the beginning of the study and the third and sixth months after, patients' symptoms were assessed with the CBCL Behavior Checklist and the ADHD rating scale questionnaire, as well as the course of illness and association with other disorders. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS statistical software and analyzed. Results: The mean age of the children was 5.89±0.81 years and the prevalence of males was 68.8%. Among the two treatment groups, only the mean score below the ADHD-RS questionnaire score in the non-Ritalin group at the end of the third and sixth months was significantly lower than the Ritalin group. During the study in both treatment groups, the overall ADHD-RS questionnaire and both subscales of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had a significant decrease from baseline to the end of the sixth month. In relation to the CBCL behavioral checklist, the mean score of the total checklist except for anxiety/depression in the non-Ritalin group and the somatic complaints subscale in the Ritalin group decreased significantly from baseline to the end of the sixth month. Conclusion: Based on the results observed in this evaluation, Ritalin had a significant effect on the symptoms of patients with ADHD, although these symptoms improved in both groups, however, further studies are needed"

Quality and content analysis of female urethroplasty videos on YouTube.

In this study, we aimed to analyze scientific quality and content of female urethroplasty videos on YouTube. We searched YouTube using the "female urethroplasty", "female urethral stricture", and "urethroplasty" keywords on February 22, 2022. The quality and content of videos were analyzed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and Female Urethroplasty-Specific Checklist Score (FUSCS) which was developed by our clinic. Video analysis was performed by two independent urologists. The relationship between the video characteristics and GQS and FUSCS was examined. A total of 38 videos were analyzed. Fourteen (36.8%) videos were uploaded by academic sources such as urology societies and universities/hospitals, while 24 (63.2%) videos were uploaded by urologists. The median GQS was 3 (range, 2-4) and the median FUSCS was 8 (range, 5-9) for all videos. The Cohen's kappa was 0.834 for GQS and 0.899 for FUSCS, indicating a high level of agreement between the observers. The median GQS was 4 (range, 4-5) and the median FUSCS was 9 (range, 8-10) for academic videos, indicating a statistically significantly higher scores than the urologists videos (p=.002 and p < .001, respectively). Academic videos on female urethroplasty on YouTube have adequate scientific quality and content for both patients and healthcare professionals. The number of videos by academic sources on female urethroplasty should be increased and individuals should be encouraged to search such videos on search engines.

Effect of Home-Based Training with a Daily Calendar on Preventing Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

It has been reported that marked decreases in physical activity including social activities, deterioration in eating habits and mental health, and an increase in frailty have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to devise a method to prevent the onset and progression of frailty during the COVID-19 pandemic and to verify its effect. The subjects were 111 community-dwelling older people who answered questionnaires before and after the intervention. A calendar incorporating 31 different tasks, one for each day, was created as an intervention tool with the aim of improving motor, oral, and cognitive functions. The intervention group (n = 49) participants performed these tasks every day for 3 months. The primary outcome was the Kihon checklist (KCL) score. When the amount of change in the KCL score before and after 3 months was compared between the two groups, no difference in the total score was observed between the two groups; however, the intervention group showed significantly improved cognitive function in the KCL sub-domain. In the intervention group, the number of pre-frailty and frailty patients decreased significantly after the intervention compared to before the intervention. These results suggest that the use of the calendar created in this study during the COVID-19 pandemic could prevent decreased cognitive function in the KCL sub-domain and could help prevent the onset and progression of pre-frailty and frailty.

Comparing the Assessment Quality of Trained Versus Untrained Peer Examiners in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in OSCE

Background: Assessment has been shown in studies to have a significant impact on the learning process. There has been a lot of interest in making assessment an important element of the learning process for students. Senior medical students may be able to assist teachers with peer evaluations. There is little evidence to support the idea that peer examiners should be officially trained before taking on the job. Aim: To find the difference in teaching faculty scores of untrained and trained peer examiners in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology OSCE. Study design: Cross-sectional (analytical) study Place and duration: The study was conducted at Sialkot Medical College Sialkot” affiliated with Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital in Obstetrics /Gynecology department over the period of 6 months from January 2022 to June 2022 Methodology: One hundred and five medical student of 4th year were enrolled for practice of OSCE examination. Forty final year medical students took part in the assessment program as peer examiners. One group of examiners were given 2-hour training session describing about the assigned OSCE stations, marking method, evaluation, and feedback methods. Other group was given only checklist to read with no prior training. Using the checklist and a global rating, senior faculty and peer student examiners (both trained and untrained groups) simultaneously assessed students in basic Obstetrics /Gynecology clinical skills at 4 OSCE stations. Every station ran for five minutes (3 minutes of evaluation while 2 minutes of feedback). A comparison between the check list and global rating scores of trained and untrained peer student examiners was made. SPSS version 21 was used to calculate intra-rater reliability was assessed to build the consensus of faculty examiners with the trained and untrained peer examiners according to checklist scores and global rating. Results: Student examiners found sitting at OSCE stations as a useful learning experience. Observing different performances at OSCE stations was so absorbing and it gave them awareness about examination procedure. Practical implication. Peer assessors in a formative OSCE could be successfully implemented in the curriculum of a large medical school with more than 100 students annually. They can be trained to conduct undergraduate assessments of their junior peers and can prove to be very reliable and effective assessors. Conclusion: Peer markers who underwent the formal training session showed the capacity to assess fourth-year students with suitable consistency and devotion. Hence training helped to improve peer marker consensus with faculty. Keywords: Peer examiners, OSCE, trained peer examiner, untrained peer examiner.

The Identification of Criteria for a Lab Report Scoring Checklist to Assess Practical Skills Indirectly in an Undergraduate Optics Course

Practical skills are essential skills in physics courses, especially in the laboratory setting. Therefore, these skills must be appropriately assessed to ensure undergraduates' readiness in the working environment with adequate skills. This paper aims to identify the criteria for a scoring checklist to assess practical skills indirectly in an undergraduate optics course. This study employed a Developmental Research Type 1 design using qualitative and quantitative methods. A scoring checklist is constructed using the ADDIE instructional model of five main phases: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. In this paper, the researcher describes the first three phases of producing the lab report scoring checklist to assess practical skills indirectly among undergraduates in an optics course. In conclusion, a set of 47 criteria to assess practical skills indirectly among undergraduates in an optics course has been identified and is ready for the next stages of analysis. The process of identifying suitable criteria can be replicated where applicable to another course to identify or generate criteria that fit the study context.

Predictors of undocumented PTSD in persons using public mental health services

Individuals diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) have greater trauma exposure and are at increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, PTSD is rarely documented in their clinical records. This study investigated the predictors of PTSD documentation among 776 clients with SMI receiving public mental health services, who had probable PTSD as indicated by a PTSD Checklist score of at least 45. Only 5.3% of clients had PTSD listed as a primary diagnosis, and 8.4% had PTSD as a secondary diagnosis, with a total 13.7% documentation rate. PTSD documentation rate was highest for clients with major depression (18.8%) compared to those with schizophrenia (4.1%) or bipolar disorder (6.3%). Factors that predicted a lower likelihood of having a chart diagnosis of PTSD included being diagnosed with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder. Factors that predicted a higher likelihood of having a chart diagnosis of PTSD included being of non-white race, being female, and experiencing eight or more types of traumatic events. Findings highlight the need for PTSD screening and trauma informed care for clients with SMI receiving public mental health services.

The Ameliorating Role of A Playful Situational Game Intervention in School-Aged Children Undergoing Ophthalmic Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose The objective of the study was to investigate if a playful situational game (PSG) intervention, as a perioperative procedure, could effectively alleviate stress and anxiety and improve postoperative outcomes for children to receive ophthalmic surgeries. Methods This trial enrolled 153 children, among which 116 met inclusion criteria and were randomized to control (n = 58, who did not participate in PSG) or PSG group (n = 58, who participated PSG). In the PSG group, children were arranged in renovated wards and allocated to play situational games specifically designed to improve surgery readiness. Satisfaction of the care from parents, posthospitalization behavioral change incidences, Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (YPAS) scores, induction compliance checklist (ICC) scores, and pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scores were documented as postoperative assessments. Results The PSG group demonstrated significantly higher satisfaction of the care from the parents (p = 0.004), and posthospitalization behavioral change incidences were markedly rarer in the PSG group (p = 0.015). The YPAS scores of the PSG group showed a slower increase compared to the control group before and after surgery (p < 0.001). ICC and PAED scores were also lower in the PSG group (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our data could support that PSG is an effective intervention in alleviating the anxiety of children undergoing ophthalmic surgery and PSG can increase the satisfaction rate among patients and decrease behavioral change incidences. The adoption of PSG in children could potentially been promoted in the clinical setting.

2.49 Transfer Learning of Scanner-Generalization Neural Networks for Predicting General Psychopathology Factor (p factor) in Adolescents Based on Resting-State Functional Connectivity

2.49 Transfer Learning of Scanner-Generalization Neural Networks for Predicting General Psychopathology Factor (p factor) in Adolescents Based on Resting-State Functional Connectivity

Investigation of therapeutic effects of wearable robotic gloves on improving hand function in stroke patients: A systematic review.

Background: Over the past decades, wearable robotic gloves due to their positive features are used by clinicians to improve motor function in the upper extremity. This systematic review aims to evaluate the studies that investigated the therapeutic effects of wearable robotic gloves to improve hand function in stroke patients. Methods: The most related databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, IEEE, and Google Scholar were systematically searched and studies were collected up to September 2021. The methodological quality assessment was done using an adapted version of the Downs and Black checklist. Results: Of the 2674 articles searched, 5 studies were recognized as being relevant in this systematic review. The methodological quality of all included studies was between 7 to 10 points of adapted 12-point score of Downs and Black checklist. All studies concluded that the introduced robotic device had a good therapeutic effect on investigated patients' hand function. The studies had limitations in terms of the level of evidence, sample size, stroke patient groups, and therapeutic process. Conclusion: There is no standard approach with definite intervention timing to evaluate the effect of such devices. Therefore, more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic effects of wearable robotic gloves on improving hand function after a stroke.

Development and Use of an Induction of General Endotracheal Anesthesia Checklist Assessment for Medical Students in a Clinical Setting During Their Introductory Anesthesiology Clerkship.

The American Association of Medical Colleges deemed performing lifesaving procedures, such as airway management, a necessary medical student competency for transitioning to residency. Anesthesiology clerkships provide the unique opportunity for medical students to practice these procedures in a safe and controlled environment. We aimed to develop a checklist that assesses medical students' ability to perform the main steps of a general anesthesia induction with endotracheal intubation in the clinical setting. We created a Checklist containing items aligned with our clerkship objectives. We modified it after receiving feedback and trialing it in the clinical setting. Medical students were evaluated with the Checklist using a pre- and post-clerkship study design: (1) in a simulation setting at the beginning of the clerkship; and (2) in the operating room at the end of the clerkship. Using paired t-tests, we calculated pre- and post-clerkship Checklist scores to determine curriculum efficacy. A P value of <.05 was determined to be statistically significant. We examined rater agreement between overall scores with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Thirty medical students participated in the study. The ICC for agreement was 0.875 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.704-0.944). The ICC for consistency was 0.897 (95% CI, 0.795-0.950). There was a statistically significant improvement in the score from baseline to final evaluation of 3.6 points (95% CI, 2.5-5.2; P = .001). The statistically significant change in Checklist scores suggests that our medical students gained knowledge and experience during the introductory clerkship inducing general anesthesia and were able to demonstrate their knowledge in a clinical environment.