Checklist For Reporting Results Of Internet E-Surveys Research Articles

Impact of a Serious Game on the Intention to Change Infection Prevention and Control Practices in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundNursing home residents are at high risk of complications and death due to COVID-19. Lack of resources, both human and material, amplifies the likelihood of contamination in these facilities where a single employee can contaminate dozens of residents and colleagues. Improving the dissemination of and adhesion to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines is therefore essential. Serious games have been shown to be effective in developing knowledge and in increasing engagement, and could motivate nursing home employees to change their IPC practices.ObjectiveOur aim is to assess the impact of “Escape COVID-19,” a serious game designed to enhance knowledge and application of IPC procedures, on the intention of nursing home employees to change their IPC practices.MethodsWe will carry out a web-based randomized controlled trial following the CONSORT-EHEALTH (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials of Electronic and Mobile Health Applications and Online Telehealth) guidelines and incorporating relevant elements of CHERRIES (Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys). Participants will be randomized to either the control or the serious game (intervention) group. First, both groups will be asked to answer a questionnaire designed to gather demographic data and assess baseline knowledge. The control group will then receive a quick reminder of the current national guidelines and links to IPC guidelines for health care professionals, while the other group will play the game. Both groups will then have to answer a second questionnaire designed to assess their willingness to change their IPC practices after having followed their respective material. After completing this questionnaire, they will be granted access to the material presented to the group they were not assigned to and receive a course completion certificate. The primary outcome will be the proportion of participants willing to change their IPC practices according to group. Secondary outcomes will include the analysis of specific questions detailing the exact changes considered by the participants. Factors associated with participant willingness or reluctance to change behavior will also be assessed. Attrition will also be assessed at each stage of the study.ResultsThe study protocol has been presented to our regional ethics committee (Req-2020-01262), which issued a declaration of no objection as such projects do not fall within the scope of the Swiss federal law on human research. Data collection began on November 5, 2020, and should be completed by December 4, 2020.ConclusionsThis study should determine whether “Escape COVID-19,” a serious game designed to improve compliance with COVID-19 safe practices, modifies the intention to follow IPC guidelines among nursing home employees.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/25595

How does COVID-19 impact treatment decision-making for clinicians in localised kidney cancer.

How does COVID-19 impact treatment decision-making for clinicians in localised kidney cancer.

Survey on ureTEric draiNage post uncomplicaTed ureteroscopy (STENT)

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to assess whether avoiding ureteric drainage is superior to performing ureteric drainage after Uncomplicated Ureteroscopy and/or Flexible Ureterorenoscopy (URS/FURS) treatment of a urinary tract stone in improving patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and 30‐day unplanned readmission rates. A secondary objective was to understand current practice of urologists regarding ureteric drainage after uncomplicated URS/FURS (UU).Material and methodsWe undertook an online survey of urologists, circulated amongst members of international urological societies and through social media platforms. Uncomplicated URS/FURS was defined as completion of URS/FURS treatment for a urinary tract stone, with the absence of: ureteral trauma, residual fragments requiring further lithotripsy procedures, significant bleeding, perforation, prior urinary tract infection or pregnancy. The ureteric drainage options considered included an indwelling stent, stent on a string or a ureteric catheter. The primary outcome was to determine the proportion of urologists willing to take part in a RCT, randomising patients after UU to a “no ureteric drainage” arm or ureteric drainage arm. Secondary outcomes included determining in their current practice, the proportion of clinicians performing routine ureteric drainage after UU, the reasons for performing ureteric drainage following UU and their preferred optimal duration for ureteric drainage if it is used. The study was reported according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E‐Surveys (CHERRIES).ResultsTotal of 468 respondents from 45 countries took part in the survey, of whom 303 completed the entire survey (65%). The majority agreed that they would be willing to randomise patients (244/303, 81%) in the proposed RCT. Perceived lack of equipoise to randomise was the most common reason for not being willing to participate (59/303, 19%).92% (308/335) reported that they use ureteric drainage after UU. This was most often due to wanting to prevent possible complications from post‐operative ureteric oedema (77%) or to aid passage of small fragments (43%). Complexity of the case (i.e. impacted stone 90%) and length of the procedure (46%) were the most important intraoperative factors influencing the decision to use ureteric drainage post procedure. If required, the median stated ideal duration of ureteric drainage was 5 days (IQR: 3–7 days) after UU. If having UU personally, 30% would want no stent postoperatively and over half would prefer a stent on a string.ConclusionWe have highlighted wide variation in practice regarding ureteric drainage after UU. Our results support the feasibility of an RCT evaluating if no ureteric drainage is superior to ureteric drainage in improving PROMs and 30‐day unplanned readmission rates following UU.

Knowledge and management of low back pain as running-related injuries among Italian physical therapists: findings from a national survey

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and the clinical management procedures of the Italian physical therapists specialized in orthopedic manipulative physical therapy (OMPT) toward running and its correlation with low back pain (LBP). Design: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2019, according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E‐Surveys (CHERRIES) and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Setting: Italy. Participants: One thousand two hundred and eighteen Italian OMPTs. Methods Survey Monkey software was used to administer the survey. The questionnaire was self-reported and included 26 questions. Descriptive statistics were used and related to the effective respondents for each question. Results One thousand two hundred and eighteen questionnaires (60.9%) were included in the analysis. A considerable cohort of OMPTs working in private practice clinical settings (n = 845; 69.4%; 95% CI 66.7–71.9) has indicated running not to be a relevant risk factor for the onset of LBP (n = 806; 66.2%; 95% CI 63.4–68.8). Moreover, most of the participants (n = 679; 55.7%; 95% CI 52.9–58.5) adopted a combination of manual therapy techniques and therapeutic exercise for the management of runners with LBP. Conclusions Widespread knowledge of clinical and theoretical management of LBP in runners-patients has emerged among Italian OMPTs. The OMPTs’ academic background agrees with the recent literature and therefore highlights the paucity of studies related to LBP as running-related injuries.

Telerehabilitation to Address the Rehabilitation Gap in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Care: Survey of Patients.

BackgroundEvidence shows that after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, patients may have varied access to physical therapy. In particular, physical therapy input may end many months before patients reach full recovery. Telerehabilitation may provide an opportunity to address this rehabilitation gap and improve access to evidence-based rehabilitation alongside physical therapy at all stages of care.ObjectiveThis study aims to understand the opinions of patients who have undergone ACL surgery and rehabilitation on the use of telerehabilitation as part of ACL care and define the population and explore their experiences and views on the acceptability of telerehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional, voluntary, web-based survey combining both closed and open questions. Ethical approval was obtained from the Yale School of Medicine Institutional Review Board. Participants were aged 16 years or older at the time of recruitment and had undergone ACL reconstruction within the past 5 years. A 26-item survey was developed using the Qualtrics survey platform. No items were mandatory. Responses were multiple choice, binary, and qualitative. The CHERRIES (Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys) was used to ensure the quality of reporting of surveys in the medical literature. Data were analyzed using Stata version 15. Qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo 11. The theoretical framework for this analysis is based on the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Behavior model of behavior change.ResultsA total of 100 participants opened the survey. All completers were unique. The participation and completion rates were each 96% (96/100). Patients reported their physical therapy care ended at an average of 6.4 months and that they felt fully recovered at an average of 13.2 months. Only 26% (25/96) of patients felt fully recovered at the end of physical therapy. Of these 96 patients, 54 (60%) were younger than 30 years, 71 (74%) were recreational athletes, 24 (24%) were competitive athletes, 72 (75%) had private insurance, 74 (77%) were not familiar at all with telerehabilitation, and 89% (85/96) felt capable. They preferred to use telerehabilitation at different stages of care. Reported benefits included resource saving, improved access to care, improved learning, and greater engagement. Concerns included incorrect performance of exercises or unmanaged pain being missed and less access to manual therapy, motivation, and opportunities to ask questions. Participants’ priorities for a future telerehabilitation intervention included its use as an adjunct to physical therapy rather than a replacement, with content available for each stage of care, especially return to sports. Participants stressed that the intervention should be personalized to them and include measures of progress.ConclusionsThese findings helped understand and define the ACL reconstruction population. Participants found telerehabilitation acceptable in principle and highlighted the key user requirements and scope of future interventions.

Potential of Mobile Technology to Relieve the Urgent Mental Health Needs in China: Web-Based Survey.

BackgroundWith the rapid development of information technology and mobile devices, an increasing number of mobile medical services and platforms have emerged. However, China’s current mental health situation necessitates further discussion and research on how to provide more patient-centered services in the face of many challenges and opportunities.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the attitudes and preferences of mental health service stakeholders regarding mobile mental health services and discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by mobile technology developers in China.MethodsA web-based survey was conducted by following the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) checklist. A total of 586 valid questionnaires were collected. Respondents included 184 patients or their family members, 225 mental health professionals, and 177 people from the general population. Data analysis was completed using SPSS 24.0.ResultsAmong the various problems perceived regarding the current mental health medical environment, difficulty in finding appropriate psychologists and limited visit times ranked highest. Social media (n=380/586, 64.9%) was the most preferred platform among all participants, whereas professionals showed a higher preference for smartphone apps (n=169/225, 75.1%). Professional instruction, psychological consultation, and mental health education (ranked top 3) were the most commonly identified needs. Mental health professionals generally emphasized more on treatment-related mobile mental health service needs, especially medication reminders (χ22=70.7; P<.001), symptom monitoring (χ22=24.0; P<.001), and access to mental health resources (χ22=38.6; P<.001). However, patients and their family members focused more on convenient web-based prescriptions (χ22=7.7; P=.02), with the general population interested in web-based psychological consultation (χ22=23.1; P<.001) and mental health knowledge (χ22=9.1; P=.01). Almost half of the participants regarded mobile mental health services as highly acceptable or supported their use, but less than 30% of participants thought mobile mental health services might be very helpful. Concerns about mobile mental health mainly focused on information security. Service receivers also suspected the quality and professionalism of content, and mental health professionals were worried about time and energy consumption as well as medical safety.ConclusionsIn terms of service flow, mobile services could be used to expand service time and improve efficiency before and after diagnosis. More individualized mobile mental health service content in more acceptable forms should be developed to meet the various needs of different mental health stakeholders. Multidisciplinary training and communication could be incorporated to facilitate the integration and cooperation of more well-rounded service teams. A standard medical record system and data format would better promote the development of future intelligent medical care. Issues such as ensuring service quality, solving safety risks, and better integrating mobile services with regular medical workflows also need to be addressed.

Facebook Is a Useful Recruitment Strategy for a Randomized Clinical Trial of a Lifestyle Approach to Reverse Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Objectives Design and evaluate a Facebook (FB) campaign to recruit a select sample with metabolic syndrome (MetS) to participate in a telephone screening for inclusion in a randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of a lifestyle medicine intervention to reverse MetS. Methods Inclusion and exclusion criteria for participation in the Enhanced Lifestyles for Metabolic Syndrome (ELM) study informed development of a FB ad, utilizing FB guidelines. After clicking a FB ad, co-morbidity and contact information to schedule a screening call were captured via survey using a Qualtrics platform. Phone screen eligibility was defined as having no listed co-morbidities. Providing contact information in addition was deemed to be complete and phone screen-ready. Phone screen eligibility and readiness frequencies were compared to FB campaign performance data on reach, link clicks, demographics and costing using the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) system. Participation was not incentivized. Results The 14-day FB campaign, driven by 11 phrases pertinent to MetS, had a potential reach of 690,000 with ad impressions on 33,243 unique FB accounts resulting in 1160 ad clicks. Ad impressions appeared mostly in female accounts; 90% of ad clickers were female from 18 to 65y or higher; the majority were &amp;gt;45y. Costs ranged from $.47 to $.83/click (averaged $0.61). Total campaign costs were $708.57. Of the 1160 ad clicks, 422 moved past survey page 1, 114 were eligible for phone screening and 85 were phone screen-ready. Of the 85 that provided contact details, 51 completed the phone screen and 21 were deemed eligible for the ELM baseline assessment. CHERRIES response rates were: View 3.5%; Survey participation 36.4%; Phone screen eligible 27% and Completion 74.6%. Of those who clicked on the ad, 7.3% were Phone screen-ready and 20.1% starting the survey were Phone screen-ready. Costs were $6.216 to recruit a phone screen eligible person; $8.336/phone screen-ready person; $13.894/phone screen completion and $33.741/ELM baseline screen eligible subject. Personnel time was &amp;lt;4 h for the FB campaign. Conclusions FB was a cost-effective strategy, requiring minimal personnel investment, to recruit subjects to a MetS clinical trial with demanding inclusion/exclusion criteria. Funding Sources William G. McGowan Charitable Fund, Wegmans School of Health &amp; Nutrition, RIT.

Perspectives of speech and language therapists in paediatric palliative care: an international exploratory study.

The involvement of speech and language therapists (SLTs) within paediatric palliative care (PPC) settings has been recognized within the extant literature. However, there is little understanding of SLT's specific roles and practices when working with this vulnerable cohort of children and their families. As part of a larger body of work to develop consensus-based recommendations for SLTs working in PPC, it is important to investigate demographic and caseload characteristics. This exploratory study aimed to gather previously undocumented international demographic data pertaining to SLT service provision, caseload and training in PPC. Additionally, it sought to ascertain the current treatment and assessment approaches of SLTs, and if variations exist in beliefs and practices. An anonymous cross-sectional survey was designed and reported according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). The online survey consisted of 40 items spanning four domains: (1) demographic information, (2) caseload information, (3) service provision and (4) training and education. SLTs from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, Ireland and the United States were recruited using a purposive snowball sampling approach. Descriptive analysis of closed-ended survey responses and content analysis of open-ended responses are presented. A total of 52 respondents completed the survey. SLTs worked in a variety of PPC settings, with patients of varying age and disease groups. Over 50% of participants reported working in PPC for ≤ 4 years. Genetic disorders (34%), oncology (27%) and neurological conditions (21%) made up a significant portion of respondents' caseloads. Reported treatments and assessment approaches used by SLTs are not unique to a PPC population. Barriers and enablers for practice were identified. A portion of participants did not feel trained and prepared to assess (19.2%) or treat (15.4%) PPC clients. This study confirms that SLTs internationally have a role in the management of communication and swallowing impairments in a PPC context. However, whether current training and resources adequately support SLTs in this role remains questionable. This paper helps to provide SLTs, administrators, professional associations and tertiary institutions with foundational data to help inform workforce planning, advocacy efforts and training priorities. What this paper adds What is already known on the subject The published multidisciplinary literature has identified that SLTs have a role in PPC. However, there has been no targeted research investigating the professional characteristics of clinicians in this context, nor any detailed information regarding associated clinician beliefs or management approaches. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study is a snapshot of attributes, practice patterns and beliefs of SLTs who work with a PPC population. It highlights SLT perspectives of education and training, as well as meta-perceptions of themselves within the multidisciplinary team. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Data presented in this paper will help to enable SLTs, organizations and associations to augment service provision and determine future professional development priorities within the field of PPC.

International consensus on the most useful assessments used by physical therapists to evaluate patients with temporomandibular disorders: A Delphi study.

To identify assessment tools used to evaluate patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) considered to be clinically most useful by a panel of international experts in TMD physical therapy (PT). A Delphi survey method administered to a panel of international experts in TMD PT was conducted over three rounds from October 2017 to June 2018. The initial contact was made by email. Participation was voluntary. An e-survey, according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES), was posted using SurveyMonkey for each round. Percentages of responses were analysed for each question from each round of the Delphi survey administrations. Twenty-three experts (completion rate: 23/25) completed all three rounds of the survey for three clinical test categories: 1) questionnaires, 2) pain screening tools and 3) physical examination tests. The following was the consensus-based decision regarding the identification of the clinically most useful assessments. (1) Four of 9 questionnaires were identified: Jaw Functional Limitation (JFL-8), Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular disorders (TSK/TMD) and the neck disability index (NDI). (2) Three of 8 identified pain screening tests: visual analog scale (VAS), numeric pain rating scale (NRS) and pain during mandibular movements. (3) Eight of 18 identified physical examination tests: physiological temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movements, trigger point (TrP) palpation of the masticatory muscles, TrP palpation away from the masticatory system, accessory movements, articular palpation, noise detection during movement, manual screening of the cervical spine and the Neck Flexor Muscle Endurance Test. After three rounds in this Delphi survey, the results of the most used assessment tools by TMD PT experts were established. They proved to be founded on test construct, test psychometric properties (reliability/validity) and expert preference for test clusters. A concordance with the screening tools of the diagnostic criteria of TMD consortium was noted. Findings may be used to guide policymaking purposes and future diagnostic research.

Development and Validation of an Atrial Fibrillation Knowledge Assessment Tool (AFKAT).

Assessing and improving public knowledge of atrial fibrillation (AF) could increase its detection rate and the subsequent use of stroke prevention therapies. However, there is no validated AF knowledge assessment tool applicable to the general population, including those at risk of AF. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate such a tool. The tool was developed from a literature review and discussion with subject matter experts. Content validity was ensured by a ten-member panel of experts comprising cardiologists and pharmacists. An online validation survey was conducted and reported based on the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). The survey evaluated the tool performance by construct validity, internal consistency reliability, item discrimination, difficulty index and ease of readability. The survey participants included 14 general medical specialists, 20 fourth-year and 33 second-year undergraduate pharmacy students, and 122 members of the general public. The tool had satisfactory content validity, with a scale content validity index of 0.8. The mean percentage knowledge scores for general medical specialists and fourth-year pharmacy students were higher than second-year pharmacy students, followed by the general public (92.9%, 87.6%, 68.5% and 53.4%, respectively; p-value < 0.001), supporting construct validity. The tool had good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91). The item-total correlation was in the preferred range of 0.23 to 0.71. The Atrial Fibrillation Knowledge Assessment Tool is a valid instrument and can be used to investigate AF knowledge of the general population.

The global variation of medical student engagement in teaching: Implications for medical electives.

IntroductionInternational medical electives, whereby undergraduates visit an institution in a country other than their own, are a common part of medical training. Visiting students are often asked to provide local teaching, which may be acceptable where the visitor is acting within the bounds of their own competency and the normal practices of both their home and host institutions. However, the extent to which teaching is an accepted student activity globally has not previously been described. This study aims to address this using an international survey approach.MethodsA voluntary electronic survey, created using the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) framework, was distributed across established international medical student networks. This assessed the involvement of medical students in teaching and the educator training they receive, with the intention of comparing experiences between high-income countries (HICs) and low/middle-income countries (LMICs) to gauge the engagement of both “host” and “visiting” students.Results443 students from 61 countries completed the survey, with an equal proportion of respondents from LMICs (49.4%, 219/443) and HICs (50.6%, 224/443). Around two thirds of students reported providing teaching whilst at medical school, with most reporting teaching numerous times a year, mainly to more junior medical students. There was with no significant difference between LMICs and HICs. Around 30 per cent of all medical students reported having received no teacher training, including 40 per cent of those already providing teaching.ConclusionThis study suggests that students are engaged in teaching globally, with no difference between HIC and LMIC contexts. However, students are underprepared to act as educators in both settings. Providing teaching as part of an elective experience may be ethically acceptable to both host and home institutions, but needs to be supported by formal training in delivering teaching.

Residency Selection Preferences and Orthopaedic Career Perceptions: A Notable Mismatch.

Despite near-equal enrollment of males and females in medical schools, orthopaedic surgery continues to have one of the lowest percentage of female orthopaedic residents. This suggests there may be factors that specifically influence females to select other specialties. Some of these possible reasons have been explored in other studies; however, in this study, we sought to identify latent or unobserved variables that may be influencing this difference by conducting an explanatory factor analysis of male and female residency preferences. In this study, by surveying a cohort of medical students at a single institution, we asked, is there a difference between males and females (1) in their perception of orthopaedic surgery and (2) in their preferences for residency and practice? We further asked, if there are differences, (3) is there a correlation between perception and preferences for residency and practice? A 46-question survey was sent to all current medical students (n = 628) at a major urban university with near-equal enrollment of males (55%, 345 of 628) and females (45%, 283 of 628) from September 2017 to November 2017. The survey consisted of two main parts: (1) desired attributes of a residency program and (2) perceptions of orthopaedic residency and practice. The design of the survey instruments closely followed The Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) checklist and went through several variations and pilot studies before release. In all, 33% (205 of 628) total medical students responded to the email survey, 55% (112 of 205) were male and 45% (93 of 205) were female. The proportion of male and female respondents matched the gender distribution of the total population surveyed, which at the time of the survey was 55% male and 45% female.The data analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney U test and an explanatory factor analysis. The explanatory factor analysis was used to identify the correlation between survey variables among male and female students. An alpha less than 0.05 was considered significant for the Mann-Whitney U test and a factor greater than 0.5 was considered significant for the factor analysis. Both male and female students ranked "work-life balance" and "variety in specialty" among the top three most important preferences. Females ranked "range of practice options," higher than males (72% females versus 60% males, r = 0.18; p = 0.009), and males ranked "previous exposure to the specialty" higher than females (65% females versus 71% males, r = 0.03; p = 0.70). Both male and female students had similar overall perceptions of orthopaedic surgery. Both males and females indicated that orthopedics is "male dominated," has "competitive entrance requirements," and requires "long residency work hours." They differed in their perception of "requires physical strength" (60% females versus 38% males, r = 0.28; p < 0.0005), and by how much orthopaedics is "male dominated" (95% females versus 77% males, r = 0.26; p < 0.0005). The factor analysis recognized that, although male and female students do have some similar residency preferences, the influence or weighing of those preferences is different for male and female students. In a manner similar to a personality assessment, the factor analysis produced four latent factors that can help explain variation seen in responses and helped identify influential factors that were not directly tested by the survey. The first such latent factor for females consisted of "work-life balance," "residency length," 'residency work hours," and "family-friendly specialty." Although the first latent factor for males consisted of "prestige," "income potential," "grade or step scores," and "competitiveness of residency program." The three subsequent latent factors also displayed variation in the make-up of the latent factors between males and female students. This study of medical students at an urban medical school found that male and female students shared many preferences for residency specialties and held many of the same perceptions regarding orthopaedic surgery. The explanatory factor analysis indicated that male and female students weight preferences differently when selecting a specialty; this difference may account for the large differences in proportion between males and females in orthopaedic residency. Attracting talented residents and attending physicians is important for the success of any medical department. Although orthopaedics attracts some of the most talented students, these students are predominantly male. By identifying the multifactorial areas that may be inadvertently discouraging females from applying, orthopaedic residency programs may be able to better address those issues and attract the best talent of both genders.

Assessment of occupational violence towards pharmacists at practice settings in Nigeria.

Background:Occupational Violence is prevalent among healthcare workers, including pharmacists, and poses a big threat to their job satisfaction, safety, and social wellbeing.Objective:This study seeks to assess the incidents and factors associated with occupational violence towards pharmacists in Nigeria.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists practicing in Nigeria, using an online survey (Google Form™). Occupational violence was assessed using a validated questionnaire. The survey was conducted and reported based on the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). Participants were recruited by sharing the survey link via social media platforms including WhatsApp, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter.Results:A total of 263 respondents returned the online questionnaire, with a completion rate of 99.2%. The prevalence of occupational violence was 92.7% (95% CI, 90 to 96). Violent events occurred among 48.7% of pharmacists with at least six years of experience, and 68.4% of hospital pharmacists. The commonly reported factors associated with the violence include long waiting times in the pharmacy (36.5%), refusal to fulfil aggressor’s demands (22.1%), and counseling/poor communication (21.7%). Events related to verbal abuse were reported among 95% of the participants. The prevalence of violence was significantly higher among hospital pharmacists, compared with those practicing in administration/regulatory, and in community pharmacies (chi-square=10.213 (2); p=0.006). Similarly, physical aggression was higher among hospital pharmacists (chi-square=10.646 (2), p = 0.005).Conclusions:The prevalence of occupational violence towards pharmacists practicing in Nigeria appeared to be high. Major factors associated with the violence were refusal to fulfil aggressors’ demands and frustrations due to long waiting times at pharmacy. Recommended strategies to slowdown the incidences of violence were improved pharmacists’ workforce, interprofessional harmony, and penalties against perpetrators.

Lifestyle among urology trainees and young urologist in the context of burn-out syndrome

IntroductionBurnout syndrome has increased dramatically in urology within recent years. A healthy lifestyle has been described as a protective factor. However, data on lifestyle is lacking among residents and urologists and remains to be elucidated. We aim to assess lifestyle among urology residents and young urologists across Europe. Materials and MethodsMembers of the European Society of Residents in Urology (ESRU) designed a 34-item online survey via surveymonkey.com. The survey was designed in accordance with Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) guidelines and was distributed via e-mail and social media in 23 European countries to urology residents and young urologists. The primary endpoint was reported as self-perceived health status. Secondary endpoints included questions on sleeping disorders, exercise and dietary habits. Data was analyzed SPSS software. ResultsA total of 412 residents and young urologists responded to the survey. The mean age of the respondents was 31.4 ± 3.9 yr. The data on dietary intake demonstrate a mean of 2 or more cups/day of coffee and alcohol consumption 2-3 times/week. The intake of fruits and vegetables is very low, almost 60% of responders consume <1 portions of fruit/day and more than half (52%) eat <1 portion of vegetable/day. Overall, the majority of respondents reported to have a moderate to low satisfaction with lifestyle (59.65%) and low to moderate self-perceived health status (45.94%). Moreover, 46% of respondents reported to have some kind of sleep disturbance and 60% only slept 6 h/night or less with 53% reporting a moderate to very low quality of Sleep. Regular exercise of at least 30 min twice weekly was only performed by 33% of the respondents. ConclusionsResidents and young urologists have unbalanced diet, tend to exercise too little and often suffer from sleep disturbances all of which increases the risk of burnout. Physicians, organizations and institutions should strive to promote healthy lifestyle, resiliency and support programs.

Estilo de vida y burnout en residentes y urólogos jóvenes

IntroductionBurnout syndrome has increased dramatically in urology within recent years. A healthy lifestyle has been described as a protective factor. However, data on lifestyle is lacking among residents and urologists and remains to be elucidated. We aim to assess lifestyle among urology residents and young urologists across Europe. Materials and methodsMembers of the European Society of Residents in Urology (ESRU) designed a 34-item online survey via surveymonkey.com. The survey was designed in accordance with Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) guidelines and was distributed via e-mail and social media in 23 European countries to urology residents and young urologists. The primary endpoint was reported as self-perceived health status. Secondary endpoints included questions on sleeping disorders, exercise and dietary habits. Data was analyzed SPSS software. ResultsA total of 412 residents and young urologists responded to the survey. The mean age of the respondents was 31.4±3.9 yr. The data on dietary intake demonstrate a mean of 2 or more cups/day of coffee and alcohol consumption 2-3 times/week. The intake of fruits and vegetables is very low, almost 60% of responders consume<1 portions of fruit/day and more than half (52%) eat<1 portion of vegetable/day. Overall, the majority of respondents reported to have a moderate to low satisfaction with lifestyle (59.65%) and low to moderate self-perceived health status (45.94%). Moreover, 46% of respondents reported to have some kind of sleep disturbance and 60% only slept 6hours/night or less with 53% reporting a moderate to very low quality of Sleep. Regular exercise of at least 30min twice weekly was only performed by 33% of the respondents. ConclusionsResidents and young urologists have unbalanced diet, tend to exercise too little and often suffer from sleep disturbances all of which increases the risk of burnout. Physicians, organizations and institutions should strive to promote healthy lifestyle, resiliency and support programs.

Surgeons’ perspective on shared decision making in trauma surgery. A national survey

ObjectiveThis study aimed to answer the following research question: What is the knowledge, opinion, and experience of trauma surgeons with respect to shared decision making (SDM)? MethodsAn online survey was sent out in September 2016 to all 257 surgeons registered as a trauma surgeon with the Dutch Association of Trauma Surgery, to gather demographic, knowledge, and practice based information regarding their use of SDM. Results were presented according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). ResultsThe questionnaire was filled out by 112 (44%) trauma surgeons. Opinions about what SDM entails differed, but 27% described a process that was clearly discordant with current consensus. Eighty-six percent of trauma surgeons regarded SDM as (very) relevant for providing good care. Sixty-two percent reported to encounter problems in achieving SDM. Conclusion and implicationsThe general opinion of Dutch trauma surgeons towards SDM is very positive, but many lack the understanding of what SDM really implies and surgeons report SDM to be difficult to accomplish. To improve the occurrence of SDM in trauma surgery, there is an obvious need for education and training in SDM skills for surgeons.

Perceived Role of Social Media in Urologic Knowledge Acquisition Among Young Urologists: A European Survey

BackgroundSocial media (SoMe) are increasingly being integrated into personal and professional life, with urology being a leading medical specialty in SoMe adoption. ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the perceived role of SoMe in urologic knowledge acquisition among young urologists across Europe. Design, setting, and participantsMembers of the European Society of Residents in Urology designed a 20-item online survey via surveymonkey.com. The survey was designed in accordance with Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) guidelines and was distributed via e-mail and social media in 23 European countries to urology residents and young urologists. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisStatistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for descriptive statistics and statistical analysis. For comparative analysis the Mann-Whitney U test was used. Results and limitationsA total of 316 young urologists with a mean age of 31.2±3.9 yr responded to the survey. Of the respondents, 99% use SoMe in a personal and/or professional way. YouTube and LinkedIn are the most frequently used platforms for professional use. SoMe were ranked in third place as an information source for urologic news/updates, lying behind journals and websites but ahead of congresses and books. Video content from YouTube or other sources was ranked as a preferred tool to see/understand surgical techniques ahead of websites and reference books. 61% follow urologic associations, 47% follow urologic events, 44% follow urologic journals, and 39% follow urologic experts on SoMe. The perceived influence of SoMe on urology knowledge was rated as moderate to high by 63% and as low to none by 37% of young urologists. Of the respondents, 44% apply guidelines on the appropriate use of SoMe in urology. ConclusionsSoMe play a significant role in knowledge acquisition by young urologists in Europe. Physicians, organizations, and institutions should strive to spread and provide valuable educational content through SoMe. Patient summarySocial media can be valuable for education in urology because it is useful to keep abreast of new developments in this field of medicine.

Parachuting and Pregnancy

There is little medical knowledge about the risks of skydiving during pregnancy. Some national parachuting associations ask for a doctor's permission; others recommend not jumping at all during pregnancy. This article provides survey data and a literature review of pregnancy and parachuting/skydiving related issues to help the pregnant skydiver and her obstetrician make an informed decision. Survey data presented include pregnancy, delivery, and parachuting information from skydivers who jumped during pregnancy. International retrospective anonymous online questionnaire considering the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIE). The PubMed database was searched with using the terms "skydive," "pregnancy," and "parachute" (query April 2013). Web page questionnaire on skydivers' epidemiology, experience, and pregnancy-related information. Fifty-seven parous female skydivers. Information on athletes' experience, weather conditions, obstetric history (gravida, gestational week), delivery mode was obtained. Epidemiology of pregnant skydivers and literature review to provide information on skydiving risks. Women do actively decide to skydive while pregnant. The majority of our participants were between 25-year-old and 35-year-old primips with 100 to 1000 jumps experience, answering the questionnaire from a European IP address. Precautions are taken in terms of weather conditions, gear, or sports partner. The literature review found no relevant literature regarding the question. Literature is searched for risk factors that come close to the ones in skydiving (ie, oxygen saturation, shock forces, and others). Further studies are needed to show the long-term effect of stress or low O2 saturation on antenatal programming, or short-term hypoxia and pregnancy outcome in pregnant skydiving women and their offspring. Pregnancy itself is a risk factor for injuries. Injuries in pregnancy are clearly associated with an unfavorable pregnancy outcome. The recommendation "do not skydive during pregnancy" is the safest approach. A possible lesser risk alternative to skydiving could be wind-tunnel training. This article provides insights into the pregnant skydiver's decision making regarding the sports. In combination with the literature review, we provide up-to-date easy to understand information on the possible risk factors. This is a valuable source of information for the care providers of female skydivers to understand and compare the risk factors of this sport. With this information, the professional recommendation and relationship are strengthened. This article also guides the need for further research. Possible research areas include pregnancy and sports-related risk factors, placentation and prenatal programming, physical and psychological factors associated with skydiving.

Correction: Improving the Quality of Web Surveys: the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES)

An error in the CHERRIES statement has been corrected (J Med Internet Res 2004;6[3]:e34). In the original paper, in table 1, denominator and numerator were flipped in the recommendations on how response rates (view rate, participation rate, and completion rate) should be calculated. The view rate should be the ratio of unique survey visitors divided by unique site visitors. The participation rate should be the ratio of those who agreed to participate divided by unique first survey page visitors. The completion rate is the ratio of the number of people who finished the survey divided by those who agreed to participate. The corrections have been made in the table in both columns.

Response Audit of an Internet Survey of Health Care Providers and Administrators: Implications for Determination of Response Rates

Background Internet survey modalities often compare unfavorably with traditional survey modalities, particularly with respect to response rates. Response to Internet surveys can be affected by the distribution options and response/collection features employed as well as the existence of automated (out-of-office) replies, automated forwarding, server rejection, and organizational or personal spam filters. However, Internet surveys also provide unparalleled opportunities to track study subjects and examine many of the factors influencing the determination of response rates. Tracking data available for Internet surveys provide detailed information and immediate feedback on a significant component of response that other survey modalities cannot match. This paper presents a response audit of a large Internet survey of more than 5000 cancer care providers and administrators in Ontario, Canada.Objective Building upon the CHEcklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES), the main objectives of the paper are to (a) assess the impact of a range of factors on the determination of response rates for Internet surveys and (b) recommend steps for improving published descriptions of Internet survey methods.Methods We audited the survey response data, analyzing the factors that affected the numerator and denominator in the ultimate determination of response. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis to account for the inherent uncertainty associated with the impact of some of the factors on the response rates.Results The survey was initially sent out to 5636 health care providers and administrators. The determination of the numerator was influenced by duplicate/unattached responses and response completeness. The numerator varied from a maximum of 2031 crude (unadjusted) responses to 1849 unique views, 1769 participants, and 1616 complete responses. The determination of the denominator was influenced by forwarding of the invitation email to unknown individuals, server rejections, automated replies, spam filters, and ‘opt out’ options. Based on these factors, the denominator varied from a minimum of 5106 to a maximum of 5922. Considering the different assumptions for the numerator and the denominator, the sensitivity analysis resulted in a 12.5% variation in the response rate (from minimum of 27.3% to maximum of 39.8%) with a best estimate of 32.8%.ConclusionsDepending on how the numerator and denominator are chosen, the resulting response rates can vary widely. The CHERRIES statement was an important advance in identifying key characteristics of Internet surveys that can influence response rates. This response audit suggests the need to further clarify some of these factors when reporting on Internet surveys for health care providers and administrators, particularly when using commercially available Internet survey packages for specified, rather than convenience, samples.