Checking System Research Articles

Secure and Energy Efficient Data Transmission Model for WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used in numerous delicate checking, observation, and surveillance systems that use sensitive data. When a WSN utilizes various data clustering techniques, data is moved to the cluster head (CH) of the corresponding cluster area. Cluster Head further communicates the information to the sink node. In a WSN, a network owner (NO) does not validate a sensor before connecting to the network, so faulty nodes may likely attach to the network to sense the data and attempt to release the information to unauthorized persons. Further, a malicious node may become a mobile node (MN) equipped to send all of a particular cluster area’s perceived data to unauthorized persons. The above-stated problems can be solved by introducing an authentication mechanism into wireless sensor networks. In this mechanism, at whatever point of time a sensor connects with a cluster region, the identity of the sensor must be validated and authenticate to, in turn, validate a mobile node. The perceived data are encrypted and then transmitted through the WSN’s transmission medium. However, the encrypted data are prone to flaws, and attackers can gain access to it illegitimately. In this study, a more energy effective and proficient secured model is proposed called a data transmission model. The technical components, including the data access control mechanism and various private key cryptography algorithms, are compared to choose the optimal energy-efficient cryptography algorithm. The proposed model is verified by experiments for encryption and decryption processes using JAVA language with advanced encryption standard (AES), data encryption standard (DES), Triple DES, Rivest Cipher (RC4), and Blowfish algorithms. The encryption time is determined using mathematical equations. The experiment results showed that the Blowfish algorithm was comparatively more energy effective than the other private key cryptography algorithms.

DIVERGENCES FROM THE SEPARATION OF POWERS IN TIMES OF EMERGENCY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

The worldwide pandemic caused by the coronavirus has disturbed the pure conception of the separation of powers. States forced by the newly established situation, declared a state of emergency, thus the Republic of North Macedonia was not an exception. This paper will focus on the divergences from the separation of powers in the countries from the Western Balkans and across Europe whose departure in the well-established system of checks and balances intrigued the media. The case of North Macedonia was maybe the most interesting because in time of declaring the state of emergency by the President of the Republic, the legislative branch of power – the Assembly was dissolute which meant that the already difficult situation became more complicated to establish a balance between the branches of power to function in protecting the general health of the citizens and the fundamental human rights and freedoms.

Entrance Fees: Self-Funded Agencies and the Economization of Immigration

This article examines the financing structure of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), an executive branch administrative agency that is almost entirely funded by fees paid by applicants and petitioners for immigration benefits. This article interrogates the fundamental economic and normative justifications for the use of user fees in the immigration context to argue that the USCIS’s funding structure is both inapt and ineffective at implementing Congress’s immigration policies. Moreover, by effectively shielding the executive branch from budgetary oversight, these user fees fund operations that are misaligned with Congress’s intent for the USCIS, which frustrates the constitutional system of checks and balances based on separation of powers principles. In short, the legal and economic rationales that have traditionally been used to justify user-fee funding for administrative agencies—to manage the availability of public goods, to control or promote externalities, to overcome information disparities, and to deter natural monopolies—all fail on their own terms as they do not reflect the realities of the immigration system. Two further justifications—notions of fairness and instrumental revenue enhancement—are more plausible conceptually and are thus more often invoked but are themselves fundamentally misaligned with the realities of the immigration and naturalization process.

Die Diskussion um Kompetenzen in den Federalist Papers

Publius’ vigorous argument for a “more perfect union“ was backed by a deeply sensed fear of the human vices and their potential for the destruction of the polity. Hence, the often admired system of checks and balances as well as the distribution of competences is heavily biased in order to establish a compromise between stability and liberty and to safeguard a (true) republican government with, for and against the people.

The unresolved constitutional dilemma: Persisting Imbalance of power exposed by the Constitutional Coup 2018

On 26th October 2018, Sri Lankan President surprised the nation with his abrupt removal of the Prime Minister in office and the appointment of another Prime Minister on ambivalent constitutional grounds. Through his actions, President Sirisena was attempting to bring to the power the former strongman Rajapaksa from his own party to entrench himself as well as their party, while undercutting Wickremasinghe and his party. Constitutional Coup 2018 was executed meticulously to ensure that the President and his old enemy, now his new-found ally could capture governmental power. The result was that Sri Lanka had two Prime Ministers claiming to be appointed to office. The paper discusses the dramatic and complicated actions and reactions that occurred during the Constitutional Coup 2018. This paper analyzes how the Constitutional Coup exposed the persisting imbalance of power as a weakness of the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1978 that undermines constitutionalism and how this weakness persisted despite the 2015 constitutional reforms. Even though the constitutional coup 2018 was resolved affirming the supremacy of the constitution the paper analyzes how the weakness exposed during then paved the way towards the deterioration ofthe system of checks and balances.

Knowledge Enhanced Fact Checking and Verification

As the Internet and social media offer increasing opportunities for organizations and individuals to publicize online contents, it has become essential to develop effective means to identify misinformation like fake news. Recently, fact checking systems have been regarded as a promising tool to automatically deal with large amounts of information. How to effectively take advantage of existing unstructured document knowledge bases and structured knowledge graphs to build robust fact checking systems, however, remains to be a challenge. In this paper, we propose a knowledge enhanced fact checking system, which leverages the Wikidata5M knowledge graph and Wikipedia documents to incorporate external knowledge into the claim to be checked for more robust and accurate fact checking. First, we devise a contextualized knowledge graph selection method to identify the most relevant sub-graph with the checked claim from the large knowledge graph. We then construct a novel claim-evidence-knowledge graph and use a graph attention network to integrate natural language evidence with structured knowledge triplets by allowing them to propagate information among each other. By integrating the claim, retrieved evidence and selected knowledge triplets in a unified claim-evidence-knowledge graph, our method improves the label accuracy of predicted claims by more than 4% on the FEVER dataset over state-of-the-art fact checking models.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПИТАНЬ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПОСЛУГ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ ПАСАЖИРСЬКОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ КРАЇН ЄС

The article examines the processes, criteria and factors to ensure the quality of passenger transport services. Object of study - processes to ensure the quality of passenger transport services in the context of European integration of Ukraine. Purpose - a study of the world experience in the formation of the concept of quality of transport services, summarizing the main factors that affect the quality of transport services, as well as the main criteria affecting the qualitative characteristics of the services of the transport. Method study - generalization of fundamental works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists of economists is in the internal checking system, dialectical going, fundamental positions of economic theory, system-logical approach near research of the economic phenomena and processes. Satisfaction the needs of society and economy of passenger transport services depends on the quality and timeliness of those services. Questions of quality passenger transport services are interested in users of transport services, companies providing them. However, the requirements and the basic criteria for assessing the quality they are different. If the passenger transport enterprise interested in providing their services with minimal effort and money, the service users in their assessment pay attention not only on the cost of services, but also on transport safety, comfort, delivery time, etc.. The quality of the transport concept of integrated services, which is constantly being developed and improved. Global trends show that the quality of transport services must ensure the needs and expectations of consumers. Accordingly, it is increasing the importance of defining the qualities that affect the quality of service. Given the transient and dynamic nature of modern society and the lifestyle of the main consumers of the services the system factors and quality criteria must be flexible and dynamic to meet the industry's competitiveness on the European market of services. Awareness of the main criteria for assessing the quality of services will help to identify potential strengths and weaknesses. This will help improve not only the quality but also the process of enterprise management, industry, improve customer satisfaction of services received, will increase competitiveness. The results of the article can be inculcated in-process services of enterprises of a transport complex. KEYWORDS: QUALITY, TRANSPORT SERVICE. CRITERIA of QUALITY, TRANSPORT.

Peer review declaration

All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review. Therefore, please provide the following information:• Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other (please describe) Open - each submitted paper was evaluated by reviewers, members of the Programme Committee (2-4 reviewers per submission depending on decisions about rejecting or accepting after revision). Their remarks and suggestions were sent back to authors by email in order to facilitate timely preparation of revised papers.• Conference submission management system:Gmail, Google Drive• Number of submissions received:34• Number of submissions sent for review:34• Number of submissions accepted:23• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100):67%• Average number of reviews per paper:3• Total number of reviewers involved:14• Any additional info on review process:All accepted submissions have passed 30% barrier of similarity index in the IEEE Cross Check system• Contact person for queries:CADMD conference secretary,assistant professor of the CAD Systems Department of Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityPh.D. Nazariy Jaworskicadmd@lpnu.ua

Design and Build a Smart Door Lock Using the Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network Method

The world is currently being hit by the COVID-19 virus. In this New Normal era, a rule is enforced that everyone must wear a mask wherever we are. Checking masks and body temperature is still done manually or by human observation, thus allowing for inaccuracies in observing and checking temperature. The problem occurred at Trunojoyo Madura University which still uses a manual mask and body temperature checking system. So, for accuracy and to reduce the risk of contracting officers. A tool was created to detect the mask and temperature automatically. In this study using a camera, temperature sensor MLX90614, and proximity sensor using Raspberry Pi. This research uses a machine learning system with the Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Single Shot Detector (SSD) method. From this study, the results of mask detection obtained a success percentage of 93.4% and an error percentage of 6.6% from the entire test and obtained an average detection time of 2.63 seconds. And the average time of the whole system is 3.8 seconds. In this study, there was a delay during detection due to the heavy computational load on the system, so for further research, use a mini pc that has better performance.

SMART COVID SAFETY MEASURES CHECKER USING EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND MACHINE LEARNING

In this pandemic situation, everyone are vulnerable to COVID-19. So the necessity for safety measures checking system has become inevitable. Every measure is currently being checked separately using man power, crowded places are more susceptible for the spread of disease. Using infrared sensor and setting up a threshold crowd management is accomplished. The proposed system delivers a non contact solution by integrating sensors in order to monitor the human body temperature and environmental conditions remotely, automatically and quickly. The system completely avoids direct contact with the residents during the process of screening. Along with temperature sensing, proper sanitization is also critical. As a result, the proposed work also employs a pump motor to spray sanitization automatically and without the need for human intervention. Many companies and organizations must adjust to and protect an infected person by spotting someone who does not wear a masked face;however, this is not always possible. The proposed system also investigates the performance of detecting people wearing a face mask in a real-time situation using Machine Learning. The results show the highest precision from all input images and a camera.

The Role of Text Mining in Mitigating the Threats from Fake News and Misinformation in Times of Corona

Abstract Misinformation can be a threat to our democracies, societies, and economies. The most dangerous consequence of misinformation is mistrust. It threatens the reciprocal respect and esteem in our societies. Fake news as such are not the problem as long as we can detect misinformation. Fake news rest on misinformation. This, in turn, means we that have to check the veracity of the information or advice of whoever is addressing us. This paper presents a prototype of the Contexter system developed at our university that demonstrates the design of a fact checking system to detect fake news and misinformation. The system enables the definition of blueprints for the presentation of facts in texts. With the abstract representation of facts, Contexter looks up similar facts in order to detect fake news and misinformation. The data sources used for this article are publications on Covid-19 from different newspapers and from Twitter.

A CNN based Handwritten Numeral Recognition Model for Four Arithmetic Operations

The pandemic of Covid-19 has caused a shift of paradigm of education, from face-to-face to e-learning. E-learning leads to an escalation in digitalization of handwritten documents because it requires submission of homework and assignments through online. To help teachers in checking digitalized handwritten homework, this paper proposes an automatic checking system based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for handwritten numeral recognition. The CNN is used to recognize four arithmetic operations in mathematical questions consisting of addition, deduction, multiplication and division. The performance CNN in handwritten numeral recognition have been optimized in terms of activation function and gradient descent algorithm. The proposed CNN is also trained and tested with the MNIST handwritten data set. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy the improved CNN improves to a certain extent as compared to before optimization.

Pharmacist’s Approach for Equalization of Confirmed Items Using a Regimen Check System in Cancer Chemotherapy

Pharmacist’s Approach for Equalization of Confirmed Items Using a Regimen Check System in Cancer Chemotherapy

Invention and Evaluation of a Novel Air Leak Check System for Vacuum-type Patient Immobilization Device

We developed a novel system to measure air leakage in vacuum cushions, which are used in high-precision radiation therapy. The purpose of this study was to verify the usefulness of this system by evaluating the accuracy and the capability for detecting air leakage. The novel system was used to measure pressure in the cushion using a manometer. The advantage of this system was that we can measure the pressure without deformation of the cushion and check the pressure immediately. We confirmed that the pressure measured using this system is proportional to the reading in the reference manometer by the coefficient of 1.0. This system had a higher capability in the leak detection than the capability by checking softness in our sense of touch. We checked the leakage using this system against 18 cushions without air leakage (NL group) and 7 cushions that had problems regarding usage in patients due to the leakage (CW group). Average pressure variations in the NL group and the CW group were 22 kPa and 46 kPa, respectively. This was a significant difference in both groups. We could decide the criteria of pressure in the cushions that may cause troubles in the future use. We concluded that this system can detect air leakage in the cushions with a higher detectivity than our tactile sense.

Hepatits B virus reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy and effective prophylactic management: a prospective observational study in a hospital over an 8-year period

We investigated the development of hepatits B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy at our hospital for 8 years. Using the automatic checking system for HBV reactivation coded using medical information that has been in operation in our hospital since October 2012, we prospectively observed the occurrence status of HBV reactivation in immunosuppressive/chemotherapy cases for 8 years. HBV reactivation occurred in 31 of 1516 patients with HBV infection. It occurred annually between 1 and 7 cases in multiple clinical departments, and in 8 of 59 patients treated with rituximab, 10 of 653 patients treated with antineoplastic agents, 10 of 399 patients treated with steroids, and 3 of 212 patients treated with direct-acting antivirals. The cumulative incidence of HBV reactivation was 1.2%, 2.3%, and 3.4% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The results of Cox regression analysis showed that the incidence of HBV reactivation was significantly higher in patients who received rituximab (odds ratio:12.841) or steroid (hazard ratio:4.264) or those who tested positive for HBc antibody alone (hazard ratio:11.005). We observed the occurrence of HBV reactivation in HBV-infected patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy. HBV reactivation by immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy still occurs, and further safety management and caution are required in the hospital.

Status and powers of village, settlement, city mayors in the system of local self-government of Ukraine

Since the establishment of the institution of village, settlement and city mayors in the system of local self-government of Ukraine,the legal status of these persons has not changed significantly. This indicates that the constitutional model of local self-government,headed by a village, town, city mayor, mainly satisfied society’s demand for stable local self-government. Today, when gradually as aresult of the reform of decentralization and administrative-territorial organization Ukraine has become a country of united territorialcommunities with significant powers locally, the issue of improving local self-government, finding its optimal model and the balanceof powers between key components of its system is gaining momentum relevance.Since the adoption of the Constitution, the system of local self-government of Ukraine has included territorial communities,which carry out local self-government in the manner prescribed by law, both directly and through local governments: village, town, citycouncils and their executive bodies. In the Law of Ukraine “On Local Self-Government in Ukraine” this list was supplemented by themain official of the territorial community – village, settlement, city mayor, who in the system of local self-government was given a“third” place between village, settlement, city council and executive bodies of village, settlement, city council. However, whether suchan intermediate position is occupied by the village, settlement, city mayor in the system of local self-government of Ukraine? After all,village, settlement, and city councils, which include deputies of local councils, as representative bodies of local self-government, areendowed by law with significant exclusive powers. Also, the executive bodies of local self-government are endowed by law with theirown (self-governing) powers and the powers delegated by the state to the bodies of executive power. The village, settlement, city mayordoes not have all these powers. To find an answer to this question by studying the status and powers of the chief official of the territorialcommunity used a system of checks and balances, which is embodied in local government of Ukraine in the principle of distribution ofpowers between representative local governments (councils), village, town, city and executive bodies of local self-government (exe -cutive committees, departments, administrations and other executive bodies created by councils).

НАПРЯМИ РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМИ ЖИТТЄЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КОМПЛЕКСУ БОЙОВОГО ЕКІПІРУВАННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦЯ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ДОСВІДУ ПРОВІДНИХ КРАЇН СВІТУ

The location of the system of life-support in the complex of battle equipment of servicemen of subdivisions of military secret service of Land forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and perspective directions of her improvement are determined with the use of experience of leading countries of the world. The battle equipment of servicemen must answer the modern requirements of the tactics based on the new going near implementation of combat and special missions. Component part of complex of battle equipment is the system of life-support of serviceman. The system of life-support is totality of facilities of complex of battle equipment, that provides the vital functions of serviceman in composition of subdivisions and in tearing away from basic forces at executed combat missions. The system of life-support of complex of battle equipment includes the individual arming, engineering facilities, material property, food, medical facilities and facilities of monitoring of the physiology state of serviceman. One of priority directions of researches there is medical control of the functional state of servicemen and position-fix of scotched at development of the system of life-support of complex of battle equipment. Decimators, connection and management, and also providing of survival, vitality and mobility have decision influence on ability of serviceman in good time and qualitatively to execute the tasks put before him. The American specialists under a survival mean ability of serviceman provide the personal vital functions in a battle situation, that depends first of all on the level of preparation, adequate feed, medical providing and clothing. Due to modern development of technique, economic and demographic reasons today soldiery forces of NATO (The USA and Europe) began realization of the general programs, sent to reduction to the personnel, modernisation and restructuring of operative possibilities of their armies. Within the framework of these programs a project appeared under the name «Soldier of the future», that unites in itself work in area of increase of the productivity and efficiency of the separately taken fighter on the basis of technological achievements of XXI of century. For the armed forces of the USA the worked out system that is able to watch the bodily condition of soldiers. The system unites in itself the row of medical devices for determination of physical parameters of fighters: frequencies of heart-throbs, temperature of body, pressure, level of stress. The system is able to process data that come, and in case of necessity to pass them to medical service for realization of necessary actions. The analysis of consequences of battle actions showed that the half of victims that died would survive almost, if previous medical help would be given them during the first six hours upon receipt damages. Thus 10-15% reanimation events need victims during the first 10-30 min upon receipt defeats, otherwise they perish from bleeding, impassability of standard or heavy damage of cerebrum. In this connection there is a necessity of the use of the permanent checking system after the physiology state of servicemen and receipt of emergency signal in the moment of registration of deviations from the set intervals of norm regardless of location of the coverage of off-wire network staggered (patient) within the limits of zone. Development over of modern methods of diagnostics together with swift development of informatively-communication technologies was brought to creation quite of new methods of grant of medicare, where an important role is played exactly by information technologies. Keywords: system of life-support, individual arming, monitoring of the physiology state of serviceman, medical facilities.

Tax control as a type of state financial control

The control of financial and tangible resources using is one of the key tasks of management. The paper is devoted to tax control as a control of the legality of the formation and use of financial resources. It is scientifically substantiated that the proper tax control is the one of the main factors of security and economic well-being of the state is substantiated. That is why this topic is important and deserves attention. The concept of state financial control is analyzed and its main features are singled out. The paper reveals the economic and legal essence of the concept of “state financial control” and clarifies its content. The tax control role in ensuring economic security and its attitude to state control is analyzed. The tasks of tax control and their attitude to the management of state financial resources are highlighted. As a result of the analysis of the definitions of the concept of “state financial control", the main approaches, essential features and properties to its understanding are highlighted. The paper examines the definition of essence of tax control, its functional purpose and correlation of state financial control. Tax control is regarded as an indispensable and the most important part of state control. The essence and role of the state financial checking system is exposed for providing the effective use of the financial resources of the state and them having a special purpose use for providing socio-economic development of the state. The basic techniques of the tax control are defined. The ways of improving fiscal control in Ukraine are proposed. As an independent system, tax control provides control procedures to establish variations in the activity system that is controlled by predetermined parameters, the causes of these abnormalities and their removal, while using their own forms and methods to effectively achieve this goal.

Part-of-speech tagging of building codes empowered by deep learning and transformational rules

Automated building code compliance checking systems were under development for many years. However, the excessive amount of human inputs needed to convert building codes from natural language to computer understandable formats severely limited their range of applicable code requirements. To address that, automated code compliance checking systems need to enable an automated regulatory rule conversion. Accurate Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging of building code texts is crucial to this conversion. Previous experiments showed that the state-of-the-art generic POS taggers do not perform well on building codes. In view of that, the authors are proposing a new POS tagger tailored to building codes. It utilizes deep learning neural network model and error-driven transformational rules. The neural network model contains a pre-trained model and one or more trainable neural layers. The pre-trained model was fine-tuned on Part-of-Speech Tagged Building Codes (PTBC), a POS tagged building codes dataset. The fine-tuning of pre-trained model allows the proposed POS tagger to reach high precision with a small amount of available training data. Error-driven transformational rules were used to boost performance further by fixing errors made by the neural network model in the tagged building code. Through experimental testing, the authors found a well-performing POS tagger for building codes that had one bi-directional LSTM trainable layer, utilized BERT_Cased_Base pre-trained model and was trained 50 epochs. This model reached a 91.89% precision without error-driven transformational rules and a 95.11% precision with error-driven transformational rules, which outperformed the 89.82% precision achieved by the state-of-the-art POS taggers.

Audit of Anesthetic Equipment in Veterinary Clinics in Spain and Portugal

The objective of this retrospective study was to review the results of a 4-year audit performed on anesthetic machines and vaporizers used in veterinary clinics in Spain and Portugal. Data was collected between July 2016 and April 2020. Inspections were carried out by a team of seven veterinarians, using a human-modified system of checks that was adapted to a veterinary practice. The evaluation of each item was noted as “correct” or “incorrect”. The vaporizers' performance was evaluated using a self-calibrating gas analyzer. The vaporizer was classified as “correct” or “incorrect” when the vaporization error was less than or equal to, or more than 20%, respectively. The anesthetic machine was classified as “conforming” if all its components were noted as “correct” and no leaks were detected, or as “non-conforming” if any of the components was noted as “incorrect” or if a leak was detected. If the inspector was able to repair on-site the item malfunctions detected and the machine was fit for use, they issued a final report as “conforming.” On the contrary, if such malfunctions persisted, the final report was “non-conforming,” and a recommendation to remove the machine from service until its final repair was provided. To perform statistical analysis, each inspected item was used as predictor, classification and regression trees were built, and a random forest analysis was performed. A total of 2,001 anesthetic machines and 2,309 vaporizers were studied. After inspection, 42.7 and 26.4% of the machines were non-conforming and conforming, respectively, whereas 30.9% could be repaired in situ. A total of 27.1% of the isoflurane vaporizers and 35.9% of the sevoflurane vaporizers were incorrect. Machine learning techniques showed that the most important variables in the classification of the anesthetic machines as conforming or non-conforming were mostly the scavenger system and the canister, followed some way behind by the APL valve, source of oxygen, reservoir bag, vaporizer, and connections.