Cheap Air Research Articles

Migration flows management in Latvia

The present-day world features ever growing mobility - free movement of people, financial capital, markets and services. This mobility is enhanced and arranged by cross-national networks. The major instrument driving migration is modern technologies and information, including internet, communications and cheap air travels. The article makes insight into external migration trends of labour force and migration flows management prospects so as to discover the possible solutions for further formation of migration policy in Latvia.

Migration flows management in Latvia

The present-day world features ever growing mobility - free movement of people, financial capital, markets and services. This mobility is enhanced and arranged by cross-national networks. The major instrument driving migration is modern technologies and information, including internet, communications and cheap air travels. The article makes insight into external migration trends of labour force and migration flows management prospects so as to discover the possible solutions for further formation of migration policy in Latvia.

‘Mobile’Contexts/‘Immobile’ Cultures

Communication technologies and cheap air travel have profoundly reshaped the patterns of international circulation and migration, blurring the distinction between travellers, tourists and migrants. Some tourists have selected their former recreational area as permanent place of residence while other people are choosing or are being forced into visiting or ‘consuming’ multiple places at regular or irregular intervals. These multiple practices of places and contexts, which entail new modes of living and bring different people together, could be regarded as ways of improving one's communicative competence with other cultures. Drawing on field work conducted by linguists among retired or active British migrants to different regions of France and also on the work of sociologists, anthropologists, economists, geographers and tourism scholars in other countries of Europe or the world, this paper considers how the most mobile individuals in our modern societies shift contexts but seem to keep cultures at a standstill.

Biofuels and ecology

Biofuels and ecology

The cheap air data computer for aviation applications

PurposeTo present both the construction and sample applications of the small, low‐cost air data computer (ADC) with CAN interface, which has been designed at Avionics Department of Rzeszow Technical University.Design/methodology/approachThe ADC has been developed as a partial task during realization of few aviation projects. It uses cheap piesoresistive pressure sensors with digital temperature compensation to calculate following flight data: altitude, airspeed computed in two ways as instrumental airspeed and true airspeed, altitude rate, and atmosphere parameters: pressure, temperature and air density. This device is small and lightweight then it can be used on boards of both small aircraft and unmanned flying vehicles.FindingsThis paper provides information about designed ADC's measurements accuracy. Also it informs about possibilities of the presented device uses.Practical implicationsThe lightweight low‐cost ADC can reduce both price and weight of complete control systems different types of flying vehicles are equipped with.Originality/valueThis paper presets original the construction of the ADC equipped with CAN 2B interface and working with CAN Aerospace protocol.

Global challenges in liver disease

Immigration, cheap air travel, and globalization are all factors contributing to a worldwide spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. End-stage chronic liver disease (ESLD) as a result of co-infection with HBV/HCV is now the major cause of death for individuals who have been infected with the HIV virus. The high incidence of HCV infection in Egypt--the legacy left from the mass use of tartar emetic to eradicate schistosomiasis, as in other high prevalence areas--will take years to reduce. Steatohepatitis due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is developing into a new and major health problem as a result of rising levels of obesity in populations worldwide. Hepatic steatosis also has an adverse influence on the progression of other liver diseases including chronic HCV infection and alcoholic liver disease. In many countries, considerable public concern is on the rise due to increased levels of alcohol consumption adversely affecting younger and affluent age groups. With the rising prevalence of cirrhosis, primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in frequency as is that of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Finally, despite the successes of liver transplantation, many deserving patients are not getting transplants due to low levels of cadaver organ donation in many countries, thereby increasing pressures on the use of living donor liver transplantation. Only through a concerted effort from governments, health agencies, healthcare professionals at all levels, and the pharmaceutical industry can this grim outlook for liver disease worldwide be reversed.

Boardwalk of Dreams: Atlantic City and the Fate of Urban America

To pose Atlantic City as a case study of urban decline in the United States may appear ambitious for a noted but small seaside resort. A larger or more industrial city such as Detroit or Trenton would seem more typical and appropriate. But, as Bryant Simon observes, the changes in commerce and technology that undermined the cities of the rust belt were also at work in Atlantic City. Here these forces took the form of cheap air travel, Disneyland, and even air conditioning and backyard pools, all of which created alternatives to a city that by 1960 had lost its appeal to middle- and working-class whites. A more basic common thread lies at the heart of the author's thesis: the “middle class notions of space, race, and democracy” (pp. 11–12) that sustained Atlantic City's boom times also fueled its sharp decline and molded its awkward comeback in the casino era.

Review: Understanding the City: Contemporary and Future Perspectives J. Eade and C. Mele (Eds) Blackwell, Oxford, 2002, ISBN 0-631-22406-8 (hb), ISBN 0-631-22407-6 (pb)

Understanding the City: Contemporary and Future PerspectivesJ. Eade and C. Mele (Eds)Blackwell, Oxford, 2002, ISBN 0-631-22406-8 (hb), ISBN 0-631-22407-6 (pb)In a whole number of ways this is an exciting time to be writing about cities. Throughout the world the shape, form and feel of cities is being reworked, re-imagined and re-functioned in ways that are simultaneously familiar and confusing. While cities retain their established role as key command and control centres, and many older urban centres are clearly still organized around well established, recognizable, symbolic economies, at the same time the vast majority of urban growth is concentrated in places that lack many of the key attributes of the traditional city. These new urban spaces lack a sense of form and centre, their boundaries are vague if not non-existent, and their sense of collective memory is ill formed. And if the urban spaces being built seem different, so too are the ways in which people are going about making a home in their cities. Cheap air travel, advances in telecommunications, the universalization of the automobile, the evolution of an all-embracing consumer culture, along with the rise of a genuinely post-traditional society is helping to create individuals and communities whose attachments are as distributed and complex as the urban spaces they populate.Understanding the City aims to offer a series of cutting edge essays on how urban scholars are seeking to understand these new contemporary urbanisms. It also aims to convey a sense of the excitement and intellectual energy driving contemporary urban studies. Certainly the book brings together an impressive group of scholars: Michael Peter Smith, Sophie Watson, Ruth Fincher, Mark Gotidiener, Peter Marcuse, Chris Pickvance, Kay Anderson, Jane M. Jacobs and Sophie Boby-Gendrot to name a few. These are all heavy weight thinkers. Yet as a statement about what is happening in our cities, and the most innovative ways we might try and understand them Understanding the City is disappointing. It is hard to isolate exactly what the source of this disappointment is. Understanding the City does contain a number of excellent chapters. Paul Lubeck and Bryana Britts' discussion of the emergence of a distinctively modern Muslim urban public culture in Cairo and elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa is both thorough and thought provoking. Similarly, Smriti Srinivas' examination of the spiritual and historical Bangalores that are enfolded within the much more familiar story of Bangalore as a micro-electronic boomtown is an exemplary piece of urban scholarship. Nor are the chapters contributed by the more established scholars without interest. Michael Peter Smith offers a carefully argued, theoretically astute, discussion of the need to understand globalization as always being bound up in important ways with very local urban practices. Peter Marcuse's discussion of the development of Manuel Castells' theoretical project offers both a rare overview of Castells project and an impassioned critique of Castells' most recent work. And Mark Gottdeiner's attempted demolition of the LA School of Michael Dear et al. critique would be a too measured description of what Gottdeiner is up to) is a scream.

New Guides to Primary Sources on the History of Early British America

JT should come as no surprise to historians of early British America that the resources for the subject are not only rich and diverse but also widely scattered. In an era of cheap air fares and photocopies, this last characteristic creates less of a burden than in the days of George Bancroft or Charles M. Andrews-provided, of course, that we can first identify what we need to see. Fortunately, scholars have come forward with guides and handbooks that make such research both easier and potentially more comprehensive than in the past. The purpose of this essay is to introduce a variety of recently published guides to primary materials-particularly manuscript materials-and to place them in the context of what is already available. The exercise seems especially necessary because the major journals in American history, this one included, no longer regularly review such guides as they appear. In addition, I hope that this notice will encourage the creation of more guides, since all students of the period benefit greatly from them. Many a fine book has been made possible by the existence of good guides to the sources. Preparing the best of these handbooks is as much an intellectual attainment as is the realization of any monograph based upon them. The immediate occasion of this essay is the appearance of several volumes that constitute de facto revisions of the classic Carnegie Institution of Washington manuals produced early in this century under the direction of J. Franklin Jameson.' This new spate of guides has been

Greater London Council

Tourism is both a growing industry and is also an increasingly competitive one. It has become an important factor in the social and economic life of this country, but it is the international visitors who form the growth sector in the market and make the greatest contribution to the national economy. In 1977 the United Kingdom attracted 4·7% of the world total of international travellers and its share of the growing world market has increased by half over the past 10 years. Figures from the Department of Trade show that in 1977 tourism was third in the league of invisible exports and seventh overall in export earnings.If the advent of cheap air fares is to lead to a tourist ‘explosion’ then the effects are likely to be dramatic in terms not only of the tourist industry but the social life of places visited as well as on the national economy. As the foremost tourist centre in Britain, London will feel the effects soonest and most dramatically. While this provides very welcome opportunities, the social and economic implications are far-reaching and need to be carefully considered.

Mechanically Operated Air Admittance Valve with Timing Facilities

A description is given of a simple and cheap air admittance valve for automatic air inlet into turbomolecular pumped UHV system upon (controlled or uncontrolled) power cutoff. The valve is operated by a mechanical timer switch which can be adjusted such that dry air admittance starts just before the turbo pump has finished its pumping action completely. Thus, contamination of the UHV compartment by oil vapor from the turbo pump and other active gases from the force vacuum is prevented and quick reobtainment of vacuum in the 10−9 Torr region after system restart becomes an easy matter.

Air cooling for a neodymium-in-calcium tungstate laser

Details are given of a cheap, simple and reliable air cooling system which enables a Q-switched neodymium-in-calcium tungstate laser to operate at one pulse per second for long periods.

Some Effects of Thickness on the Longitudinal Characteristics of Sharp-Edged Delta Wings at Low Speeds

Recently there has been renewed interest in the concept of an all-wing aircraft as a means of producing cheap air transport over relatively short distances. It is natural that with the large amount of information on slender wings now available an all-wing aircraft based on a sharp-edged slender planform should be considered for this role. One of the difficulties immediately faced in developing this concept is that since the aircraft must carry a large number of passengers it is necessary that as much of the wing area as possible should be deep enough to provide for a large passenger cabin. Thus the wing will be very thick over a large part of its area. If this condition is not met, then the aircraft has too much wing area and hence too high a structure weight. Typically one may think of an aircraft with a delta wing of aspect ratio 2 and with a wing thickness of from 15% to 20% of the root chord over as much of the wing area as possible. At first sight thickness of this order eliminates the main advantage of slender wings since the effect of thickness is usually to reduce the strength of the leading-edge vortices and hence the non-linear lift. Thus the incidence for a given lift is increased above that for a thin wing. This in turn means that the lift-to-drag ratio may be smaller.