De Gaulle Research Articles

President E. Macron and the French Political Crisis in the Aspect of the Legacy of “Gaullism”

Introduction. The presidency of Emmanuel Macron during 2017–2023 was marked by the crisis of the regime of the Fifth Republic in France. The authors propose an analysis of the origins and development of this crisis. They emphasize the complex nature of the crisis, which is not opportunistic but systemic. Materials. The research is based on the data of sociological surveys, periodical materials, and electronic sources that allow us to characterize the course and current state of the political crisis of the regime of the Fifth Republic during the presidency of Emmanuel Macron, as well as the processes accompanying it. Analysis. The authors identify and analyze the manifestations of Gaullism as an anti-crisis strategy in the policy of E. Macron. The authors are describing and analyzing the growing political crisis under the leadership of E. Macron and the causes of his government failure. The authors compare the policy of E. Macron and the political strategy of Charles de Gaulle. Results. The authors conclude that E. Macron’s selective use of elements of the Gaullist strategy in order to further legitimize and strengthen the regime of personal power does not bring final success and that French society’s trust in the current government is gradually decreasing, which contributes to the deepening of the systemic crisis of the regime of the Fifth Republic. Author’s contribution. Ahmad Mulyadi prepared a material on the use of elements of Gaullism in the politics of E. Macron, S. V. Biryukov, and S. N. Chirun – on the political process and the crisis in France.

ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ ИДЕЯ ШАРЛЯ ДЕ ГОЛЛЯ И ЖОРЖА ПОМПИДУ

В статье представлены концепции «объединенной Европы», выдвинутые двумя первыми президентами Пятой республики во Франции Шарлем де Голлем и Жоржем Помпиду. На основе высказываний самих глав французского государства рассмотрены их предложения по устройству и развитию Европейского экономического сообщества и воплощение идей двух политиков в жизнь. The article presents the concepts of “united Europe” put forward by the first two presidents of the Fifth Republic in France, Charles de Gaulle and Georges Pompidou. On the basis of the statements of the heads of state, their proposals for the structure and development of the European Economic Community and the implementation of their ideas were considered.

Towards Prosperity and Peace: The Beginnings of the European Project in the West German Governmental PR Film Der erste Schritt

Films that advertised the rising status of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) as a partner in Western economic and military alliances were an integral item of the Adenauer administration’s PR arsenal. Produced through the state-funded newsreel system Deutsche Wochenschau under the direction of the Federal Press Office, these films provided an effective way to reach out to the electorate and explain and highlight the successes of democracy in a post-fascist country. PR films also emphasized the FRG’s role as an integral partner in the emerging European project. This article examines Der erste Schritt: Die Geschichte eines Briefes, a 1951 film advertising the Schuman Declaration as the necessary “first step” to overcome the socio-economic devastation of postwar Europe. The film reveals its producers’ agenda to manipulate the collective memory of the war-ridden Franco-German Erbfeindschaft and replace memories of animosities with images of pragmatic cooperation. Through a focus on the First World War as a tragic, but heroically fought confrontation between the nations, the film helps its audiences bridge the more recent and more conflicted Second World War past. The film’s narrative argues for a unified Europe by vividly describing its absence vis-à-vis the post-Second World War destruction in central Europe, and by drawing favourable comparisons with the large, unified economic territory of the United States. Compared to later PR films that accompanied Konrad Adenauer’s and Charles de Gaulle’s policy of reconciliation in the early sixties, Der erste Schritt in 1951 does not try to manufacture an image of friendship between the two countries. Instead, through the sentimental frame narrative of a letter by a young French woman to a West German politician, the film’s narrative insists that only economic cooperation, the abolition of inner-European borders, and the sharing of resources can lay the foundation for lasting peace and prosperity in a war-torn Europe. The article closes with an overview on how the film was used in PR deployments that advertised the European project. In sum, Der erste Schritt provides an important perspective on the Adenauer administration’s early imaginations of Europe, and how these images were put to work to further the FRG’s still ongoing process of consolidation during its founding years.

Travelers' perception of smart airport facilities: An X (Twitter) sentiment analysis

This study investigates travelers' perceptions of smart airport facilities through sentiment analysis. It collected 39,616 comments from thirteen smart airports, and 25,572 tweets were analyzed. Most mentioned words about the smart airport included "technology" and "security". Comments also highlighted concerns about airport customer service, including "bag," "transit," and "disabled." The results also reveal that travelers are more concerned about the outcome of these facilities, such as the efficiency and time management of flights via smart facilities. The most mentioned words in the tweets related to smart airport operations are "flight," "waiting," and "time". Despite most smart facilities being equipped in the airports aiming to raise travelers' satisfaction, the results showed that 12 smart airports' tweets were generally neutral. Smart airport facilities might not add as much value to the airport impression as we expect. Brisbane International Airport was the only one with a positive perception of smart airport facilities. Most travelers mentioned that the airport had faster and better wifi and the airport is continuously improving. In contrast, Charles de Gaulle Airport and London Heathrow Airport had the highest percentage of negative sentiment, with 25.90% and 27.52% of tweets being negative, respectively. Travelers' complained that self-check-in kiosks were a mess, unhelpful staff and poor wifi. The results reveal travelers' concerns regarding smart airport facilities, and they let us know the importance of smart facility management. Smart airport facilities were initially designed to shorten travelers' time and enhance satisfaction, yet unhelpful staff and poor managed kiosks raise dissatisfaction. This study helps airport managers and operators to address the weakest part of smart airports as reflected in social media comments. It also fills the academic voids in examining travelers' satisfaction with smart facilities using social media and sentiment analysis via artificial intelligence.

CIP 리더십 모델을 통해 본 샤를 드골의 리더십 연구

Charles De Gaulle, is recognized as a great leader among many political leaders in the 20th century who exerted his influence internationally as a general of the World War II, as well as a post-war president. The purpose of the study is to analyze leadership in sensemaking actions. and‘leader’s power orientation’among CIP leadership theories. As a result, De Gaulle can be classified as a socialized ideological leader. De Gaulle solved problem in a view of ‘Great France’ mostly based on tradition or values in the past, influenced in communications and political tactics and build interacted among leaders and followers in sensemaking actions. Although he was diagnosed as a pragmatic leader when he dealt with Algeria and as a charismatic leader when he was the commander of the 4th Armored division, no difference in success was found in overall sensemaking actions. Speaking of his orient as a leader, he was a ideological leader, fulfilling his duties with devotion to his homeland. Though the study, an ideological leader or a charismatic leader can be effective in a political conflict, whereas a pragmatic leader can be effective in solving a constructive problem. Furthermore, De Gaulle’s sacrifice for his country was recognized in his public interest oriented actions in this study. We hope that this study to raise concern among CIP researchers in the country, and to widen the horizon of the leadership research.

Machine learning for predicting off-block delays: A case study at Paris — Charles de Gaulle International Airport

Punctuality is a sensitive issue in large airports and hubs for passenger experience and for controlling operational costs. This paper presents a real and challenging problem of predicting and explaining flight off-block delays. We study the case of the international airport Paris Charles de Gaulle (Paris-CDG) starting from the specificities of this problem at Paris-CDG until the proposal of modelings then solutions and the analysis of the results on real data covering an entire year of activity. The proof of concept provided in this paper allows us to believe that the proposed approach could help improve the management of delays and reduce the impact of the resulting consequences.

Дани Червения, или как със 142 души се събаря Петата република

The present study draws on a wealth of documentary material on the activities of the French security services such as the Paris Prefecture, intelligence and counter-intelligence, the police and special anti-riot units, as foreign intelligence services such as the CIA, much of which was recently declassified well ahead of the usual term for such sensitive documents. It also includes in-depth interviews, conducted by the author with Bulgarian intelligence officers. This source base makes it possible to analyze in the historical context of the landmark events of May 1968, and the role and activities of Daniel Kohn-Bendit, leader of the March 22 Movement. It becomes possible to present day by day and hour by hour every step of this leader who grows up to be the leader of a nationally representative movement such as the National union of the French students. In addition, his connections with foreign intelligence agencies can be traced. The purpose of the study is to reject the elaborately layered notions and mythologies that Danny the Red was able to “pull the rug” from under de Gaulle’s feet and to destroy his Fifth Republic with only 142 men. Despite his undisputable charisma and qualities as a leader and orator, the cult of which constantly strengthens, this was not possible even for a moment

Serum Amylase Activity in Children Living with HIV-1 at the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital in Ouagadougou

Biological monitoring is an essential part of the management of HIV infection. The aim of this study was to assess serum amylase activity during follow-up of children living with HIV-1 (CLHIV-1) at the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG). This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Patients under 15 years of age who were being monitored for HIV-1 at CHUP-CDG and who had undergone a serum amylase assay during the study period were included. A total of 746 patients have been included, with a M/F sex ratio of 0.91 and a mean age of 8.52±4.08 years. Among CLHIV-1, 88.05% had a TCD4 lymphocyte count > 500/mm<sup>3</sup> and 60.32% an undetectable plasma viral load (PVL). The incidence of hyperamylasemia in the study population was 57.64%. Hyperamylasemia was significantly more frequent in children aged 0-2 years (<i>p<0.00001</i>), in patients with a high PVL (<i>p=0.0016</i>) and in those on the protocol combining two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with a protease inhibitor. Several abnormalities in serum amylase activity were detected in CLHIV-1 during the course of the study. Clinical correlation and adequate follow-up of these abnormalities are essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic damage in people living with HIV.

Два суверенитета для одного государства: Ш. де Голль и Ф. Петэн

In 1940-1944, the Vichy government existed in France simultaneously with the government of C. de Gaulle. Contemporaries and successors expressed doubts concerning the legitimacy and legality of both governments. However, this historical and legal dispute was finally resolved with the help of justice.

The Nation and the State in Charles de Gaulle’s Political Thought

In De Gaulle’s thought, the nation and the state are inextricably linked, and while exercising power as President of the Fifth Republic, he almost obsessively strived for national unity. He fully accepted the Republican system of France and recognized revolutions as an indelible element of the national heritage. De Gaulle was convinced of the country’s potential to influence the fate of the world, to firmly defend its national interests, but also to be an advocate of universal values. The essential element of the new system for France proposed by De Gaulle in 1946 was the strengthening of the executive power and the key political position of the president of the Republic. The 1958 Constitution introduced a significant change regarding the election of the president by the electoral college, and de Gaulle’s concept of general election of the president was soon implemented.

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Patients Received at the Biochemistry Unit of the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital in Ouagadougou

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Patients Received at the Biochemistry Unit of the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital in Ouagadougou

Bacteriological Profile of Effusion Fluids Infections at Charles De Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital from 2017 to 2020

Bacteriological Profile of Effusion Fluids Infections at Charles De Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital from 2017 to 2020

Biblioteka cyfrowa Francja–Polska

Stemming from Gallica and enriched by contributions from partner institutions, the France-Poland digital library provides insight into the fascinating universe of multiple and multi-secular relations between the two countries. Over 4000 digitized objects are brought together on a single platform to bear witness to historical, artistic, scientific and literary relationships. The France-Poland Digital Library is composed of four major thematic groups, divided into smaller sections. Each of these are accompanied by articles both in French and Polish to contextualize historically and culturally the selected documents. Starting with the election of Henry of Valois to the Polish throne in 1573, it goes up to Charles de Gaulle’s memorable visit in 1967. Part of the Shared Heritage collection and ranking first in terms of visit, the project is continuously enriched with new content and sections and aims to develop new partnerships.

COVID-19 IMPACT ON THE AIRPORTS’ AND THEIR HOME CARRIERS’ MARKETING STRATEGY

The article is dedicated to the impact of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the aviation industry and the measures taken by the governments, airports and home carriers to overcome the consequences of the said crisis. Government actions and state aid programs for airports and airlines are reviewed. Practical examples of government aid to airports and airlines are provided. It is also reviewed how these actions affected the performance of the largest European hub airports, namely – London (Heathrow), Istanbul, Paris (Charles de Gaulle), Amsterdam and Madrid. Threats and opportunities for both European airports and airlines are analyzed with the focus on the perspectives of London (Heathrow) airport. The operation of the mentioned airports was analyzed according to the following indicators - the recovery of passenger traffic (2023/2022 and 2023/2019), connectivity, GDP indicators of the countries where the mentioned airports are located. Information on the home carriers of the airports, i.e., the share of the airline's passengers in the total number of passengers handled by the airport, financial indicators of the airlines, plans for the development of the fleet and route network is provided. Recommendations on cooperation between airports and their base airlines are provided.

Charles De Gaulle’s Effect on French Politics

The fate of France’s political and constitutional history, which had been rife with instability, was altered with the establishment of the Fifth Republic. However, the transition to a new political system was quite painful. Moreover, system debates continued after the proclamation of the Fifth Republic. Especially the 1962 constitutional amendment process left France faced with a new political crisis. This research aims to reveal how Charles de Gaulle, the first president of the Fifth Republic, had an effect on the shaping of French politics and overcoming the political crises that led to the system debates.

Neonatal Respiratory Distress in a Poor Resource Setting: From Epidemiology to Outcome

Background: Neonatal respiratory distress one of the main causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency whose etiology is dominated by respiratory pathologies.
 Objective: To study the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcomes aspects of neonatal respiratory distress in order to help reduce its impact on neonatal morbidity and mortality.
 Methods: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study covering the period from 1st January 2017 to 31 December 2018 was conducted in the Neonatology Unit of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (West Africa). The clinical records of newborns admitted for respiratory distress (n=305) were included in the study. Results: Over the two-year period, the frequency of neonatal respiratory distress was 39.1% (305/780). Factors of respiratory distress were early neonatal period (80%), male sex (60.7%), full-term birth (82.3%), and normal birth weight (66.3%). The Silverman and Andersen score was mild (20.4%), moderate (68.5%), and severe (11.1%). The main causes of respiratory distress were neonatal septicemic infection (59.3%) and perinatal asphyxia (30.5%). Treatment mainly includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation, maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, and oxygen therapy. There were 83 deaths, giving a case-fatality rate of 27.2%. Major causes of death were sepsis (13.1%) and perinatal asphyxia (9.8%).
 Conclusion: Neonatal respiratory distress is common in our neonatal unit. In order to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality linked to this condition, action must be taken to combat neonatal sepsis, perinatal asphyxia, and preterm birth.

Charles de Gaulle and Ancient History

General de Gaulle is known for his passion for French and European history. French historical figures from the Middle Ages, the Modern era and the 19th century are sometimes associated with him. However, Charles de Gaulle was a man with a very broad cultural background and a passion for ancient history. This greatly influenced his thinking, his writing style and his perception of certain countries and peoples. Greco-Roman history and literature had a profound influence on him, and this article analyses this in greater detail.

Visible Congenital Malformations in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Objective: To gain a better understanding of congenital malformations and to help reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in a context of resource-limited countries.
 Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective and prospective data collection over the period from November 2019 to January 2022 was conducted in the Neonatology Unit of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (West Africa). Records of neonates with a visible malformation, neonates whose parents were accessible by telephone were included.
 Results: The frequency of congenital malformations was 8.4%. They affected females (51.1%), first-born siblings (25%) and full-term babies (69.6%). Osteoarticular malformations (38%), those of the eye, ear, face and neck (22.81%), followed by those of the digestive system (21.64%) were the most frequent. The case-fatality rate was 51.5%.
 Conclusion: Visible congenital malformations are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates in our unit. To help reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with malformations, awareness-raising, early detection, prevention and improved medical care for affected neonates are needed. This is all the more true in countries where medical resources may be limited and surveillance systems need to be put in place.

Art Therapy: A Powerful Lever for Recovery with Depression, Stroke and Hemiplegia

Paulette is an old lady aged 100. She is born right after the end of World War I. Her childhood and young years were not happy. She married and had 2 children during the World War II, then a third one 12 years later. She worked as a secretary. Paulette and her husband were active in the French Resistance movement directed by Charles de Gaulle from London and by Jean Moulin in clandestinity in Lyon. Paulette took great risks in transporting clandestine tracts in her babies’ diapers along streets controlled by the Nazi occupants!

마크롱의 드골주의 노선 추구와 대서양동맹의 갈등

Emmanuel Macron, representing the newly formed party 'En Marche' and advocating for centrist policies, successfully won the presidency in 2017, gaining popularity among the French population. After taking office, President Macron implemented economically right-leaning policies while also bolstering welfare programs as part of an expansion of left-leaning social initiatives. In terms of foreign policy, he positioned himself as an ideological successor to President de Gaulle, who led the Fifth Republic of France. He strategically utilized the transatlantic alliance's division caused by President Trump in executing his foreign policy, aiming to establish a 'New European Order' with fellow Europeans. Additionally, after the UK's Brexit referendum, he worked towards expanding France's influence in Europe, following the traditional Gaullist path that lies at the core of French right-wing ideology.
 This study analyzes how President Macron effectively demonstrated the strengthening of France's position, in line with the principles of Gaullism, amid the shifting dynamics of the European order. This was achieved through the deepening of European integration, the collaborative construction of Europe by Europeans, the enhancement of strategic autonomy, and the prioritization of security within the EU over NATO. Ultimately, President Macron incorporated a significant portion of the Gaullist approach into his foreign policy, aiming for an independent and self-reliant European policy for France. He sought to implement this Gaullist approach through the EU, working to empower France to make decisions and take action independently in its relations with the United States. This study illustrates his efforts to enable the EU to operate autonomously in matters of diplomacy, security, and defense.