Charged Events Research Articles

‘Slow down, one detail at the time!’ the influence of reflective-impulsive cognitive style on the recollection of criminal events

This study investigates the impact of the reflective-impulsive dimension of cognitive styles on recollection and the accuracy of a criminal events. In a VR-based experimental study, 150 participants were exposed to both criminal and neutral scenarios and subsequently asked to report everything they remembered about them. Cognitive styles were assessed using a computer-administered Matching Familiar Figures Test. The findings highlight that individuals with a reflective cognitive style consistently provided detailed descriptions of the events, irrespective of the context of encoding. In contrast, individuals with an impulsive cognitive style displayed context-specific effects, notably reduced performance when recalling emotionally charged criminal events. Notably, cognitive style did not moderate the accuracy of testimony. Given that the subjects who observed the crime achieved a lower overall accuracy rate than those who observed the neutral video, it appears that accuracy is directly affected by the criminal content.

Self-Immersed Expressive Writing Increases LF/HF Ratio and Decreases Expressive Suppression

Abstract: Expressive writing helps the disclosure of an emotionally charged event, in a safe and nonthreatening environment, while focusing on the feelings and emotions associated with a traumatic experience. Studies have proposed that expressive writing improves both mental and physical health, and that writing perspective might influence expressive writing outcomes. However, no studies have compared both emotion regulation outcomes and Heart-Rate Variability between self-immersed (I) and self-distancing expressive writing (She/He). Two hundred and one college students at a university were randomly assigned to either an expressive group, writing about their most upsetting life experience (using either a self-immersed or distanced perspective), or a control group (using either a self-immersed or distanced perspective), writing about their daily routine. Positive and negative affect, emotion regulation, anxiety and alexithymia were measured before and after writing. Heart-rate variability was recorded during the experiment to examine the effects of the writing exercise on the autonomous nervous system. We found that suppression decreased at follow-up (η2p = .023) and LF/HF ratio increased after writing (η2 p = .031) in the self-immersed expressive group, in comparison to the self-immersed control group. These are promising results as they suggest that self-immersed expressive writing might be used to foster emotion regulation.

Are Mass Shootings in the U.S. Increasing? Understanding How Differing Definitions of Politically Charged Events Impact People's Perceptions of Expected Trends in Visualizations.

Visualizations of mass shooting incidents in the United States appearing in the media can influence people's beliefs and attitudes. However, different data sources each use their own definition of mass shootings, resulting in varying counts and trends of these incidents across the sources. To investigate the effects of these varying definitions on public perceptions, we conducted a crowdsourced study using data from four sources-Mother Jones, Mass Shooter Database, Everytown for Gun Safety, and The Washington Post. We used one or more line plots, with or without explicitly providing the definition, to see how these variations affect viewers' understanding of a 10-year trend in mass shooting frequency. We found that, depending on the data shown, participants' perceptions of the trend changed in both directions (i.e., more or less increasing) compared to their prestudy perceptions. We discuss how data from a single source can influence people's perceptions, and how visualizing data from multiple sources (e.g., superimposed line graphs) can enable more transparent communication. Our work has implications for other media and public visualizations, highlighting the importance of embracing pluralistic approaches to enquiry, especially when dealing with data of significant importance and consequence.

Indirect search of heavy neutral leptons using the DUNE near detector

We evaluate the potential of the DUNE near detector (DUNEND) for establishing bounds for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). This is achieved by studying how the presence of HNLs affects the production rates of active neutrinos, therefore creating a deficit in the neutrino charged current (CC) events at the LArTPC of the DUNEND. The estimated bounds on HNLs are calculated for masses between 1 eV and 500 MeV. We consider 10 years of operation (five in neutrino and antineutrino modes) and obtain limits of |Uμ4|2 < 9 × 10−3 (4 × 10−2) and |Ue4|2 < 7 × 10−3 (3 × 10−2) for masses below 10 MeV and a 5% (20%) overall normalization uncertainty in the neutrino charged current event rate prediction. These limits, within the region of masses below 2 (10) MeV, are better than those that can be achieved by DUNE direct searches for the case of a 5% (20%) uncertainty. When a conservative 20% uncertainty is present, our limits can only improve current constraints on |Ue4|2 by up to a factor of 3 in a small region of approximately 5 eV and set limits on |Uμ4|2 in a mass region free of constraints (40 eV–1 MeV).

Perezhivanie-agency dialectic: Examining Vietnamese EFL educators’ experiences and negotiation of dramatic classroom events

Tensions and conflicts are common in teachers' everyday professional lives, yet research on how these experiences influence pedagogical decisions and teacher agency remains limited. This study employs a broad sociocultural perspective, integrating cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) and Vygotsky's concept of perezhivanie, to examine how two Vietnamese English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) educators responded agentively to emotionally charged events. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and reflective journals, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings of the study illustrate that mismatches between educators' expectations and students' behaviors not only underpin educators' negative emotions and cognitive responses but also catalyze a cycle of reflection, which subsequently leads to modifications in teaching practices and strengthens educators' agency. This study underscores the complex interplay between teachers' experiences of dramatic events and their agency, highlighting the importance of equipping educators with the necessary knowledge and skills to constructively manage difficult emotions and enhance their problem-solving capabilities. This study exemplifies a critical integration through the development of Integrative Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (iCHAT), which synergistically combines elements of CHAT and Vygotsky's perezhivanie, providing a robust framework to investigate a range of complex phenomena beyond teacher agency in diverse educational and cultural contexts.

Emotionally charged events as a trigger for the acute development of psychotic symptomatology. A case report

IntroductionA 21-year-old male presented to the emergency room due to strange behaviorObjectivesShow how emotionally intense events can be a stress factor leading to dissociative or psychotic symptoms.MethodsCase report and literature reviewResultsThe patient is in Spain after having attended the meeting with the Pope at the World Youth Day in Portugal. He is an engineering student who, in the week prior to the trip, had high levels of stress related to exam time. He also explained that he had recently had conflicts with his partner. In the psychocopathological examination of the patient, a global insomnia of 3 days of duration stands out. In addition, a disorganized and disjointed speech focused on high concern that something bad could happen to his family and partner. In the interview he appears restless, nervous, with a perplexed contact. The patient’s companion says that he has been very worried and obsessed about his relationship with his partner, with constant doubts about asking her to marry him. It is decided to start olanzapine, receiving up to 15 mg per day. In the following interviews he shows better contact and a more organized speech.Conclusions It is known that emotionally intense situations can be a trigger for the development of psychotic symptoms. There are different manifestations of these stressful situations such as physical symptoms like fainting or but mental symptoms are also described such as dissociative amnesias, or less frequent as in this case psychotic symptoms. They are usually of sudden onset and early remission with good response to anxiolytics or antipsychotics.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Individual Differences in Collective Memory: Heterogeneity of Personal Emotional Memory in Social Groups

This research investigates the nuanced landscape of emotional memory within diverse social groups in the United States, focusing on the period from 2010 to 2020. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study explores individual differences in emotional memory scores across three distinct social groups (Social Group A, Social Group B, and Social Group C). The findings reveal significant variations in emotional memory, with Social Group B exhibiting consistently higher mean scores. These variations underscore the intricate interplay between group identity and the encoding of emotionally charged events. The study contributes to the fields of psychology and sociology by emphasizing the importance of examining individual differences within social groups, particularly through the lens of emotional memory. Practical implications extend to mental health interventions, community outreach, and policy development, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies that acknowledge and address the diverse emotional needs of different social groups.

Ritual networks and the structure of moral communities in Classic Maya society

Ritual plays an important integrative function in the creation, maintenance, and transformation of human society. The shared experience of ritual establishes strong bonds between individuals that defines their membership in certain social groups. However, rituals are not timeless traditions, nor do they simply restore social equilibrium. Rather, rituals are active and ongoing social processes that unite and divide across multiple social categories. This paper applies archaeological network methods to analyze the multiscalar structure of ritual traditions across Classic Maya (ca. 300–900 CE) society using hieroglyphic inscriptions from dated and provenienced monuments cataloged in the Maya Hieroglyphic Database (Looper and Macri 1991–2024). For the Classic Maya, public ritual and performance were highly charged political events where meaning and power could be negotiated, creating opportunities for identity formation and community integration. Such contexts helped establish strong moral bonds in Classic Maya society. However, we know relatively little about the specific forms and content of these ritual practices. In this study we construct ritual similarity networks from hieroglyphic inscriptions to analyze the structure and organization of these moral communities as well as the ritual relations that bound them together.

An Embedded Curriculum to Teach Critical Incident Debriefing to Internal Medicine Residents.

Background Internal medicine residents frequently experience distressing clinical events; critical event debriefing is one tool to help mitigate their effects. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a 1-hour workshop teaching residents a novel, efficient approach to leading a team debrief after emotionally charged clinical events. Methods An internal needs assessment identified time and confidence as debriefing barriers. In response, we created the STREAM (Structured, Timely, Reflection, tEAM-based) framework, a 15-minute structured approach to leading a debrief. Senior residents participated in a 1-hour workshop on the first day of an inpatient medicine rotation to learn the STREAM framework. To evaluate learning outcomes, participants completed the same survey immediately before and after the session, and at the end of their 4-week rotation. Senior residents at another site who did not complete the workshop also evaluated their comfort leading debriefs. Results Fifty out of 65 senior residents (77%) participated in the workshop. After the workshop, participants felt more prepared to lead debriefs, learned a structured format for debriefing, and felt they had enough time to lead debriefs. Thirty-four of 50 (68%) workshop participants and 20 of 41 (49%) comparison residents completed the end-of-rotation survey. Senior residents who participated in the workshop were more likely than nonparticipants to report feeling prepared to lead debriefs. Conclusions A brief workshop is an effective method for teaching a framework for leading a team debrief.

Sports officials and parents as spectators: Diffusing tensions on the sidelines

Youth sport competitions are often emotionally charged events, with children, parents, coaches, and officials reporting emotions ranging from anxiety and stress through to enjoyment because of their involvement. One of the sources for the negative emotions and experiences associated with youth sport is the behaviors displayed by spectators on the sidelines. Typically, in youth sport events, these spectators are the parents of the children involved in the competition. Recognizing the detrimental consequences that arise for children when parents are inappropriately or negatively involved on the sidelines, sport psychology researchers and practitioners have increasingly targeted interventions at improving parents’ involvement in competitions. Although such interventions are valuable and important for improving children’s youth sport experiences, their focus is typically exclusively upon the interactions and relationships between parents and their children. However, negative behaviors from parents on the sidelines can also impact others in the environment, particularly sports officials who report abuse and aggression from the sidelines as one of the primary reasons for leaving their roles. As officiating numbers decline, sporting organizations are considering how to best tackle these attrition rates and one area that may be worthy of consideration is the interaction between parents and officials. To-date, limited consideration has been given to the bi-directional interactions between parents and officials or to steps that could be taken to improve interactions. To this end, the purpose of this commentary is to increase awareness, initiate conversations, stimulate research, and enhance applied practice targeting the interactions between officials and parents in youth sport.

Narrating war through visual language: Commemorative activity of ordinary people in Central Ukraine (Poltava oblast) in 2014–2021

This article examines how ordinary people in the Poltava oblast (Central Ukraine) commemorated the Russia-Ukraine war during the 2014–2021 period (prior to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022). Focusing on physical commemorative objects constructed by ordinary people, this article investigates the commemorative activity of ordinary people in Central Ukraine who are ‘activated’ to carry out commemorative work by this turbulent and emotionally charged event in Ukraine’s recent history and seek to project their individual, private memories into the public arena. This article’s central argument is that ordinary people in Central Ukraine actively exercise their agency in the area of commemoration, to ensure the memory of the Russia-Ukraine war is present in the commemorative landscape, playing an important role in public meaning-making. Thus, by utilising different types of visual language, ordinary people narrate soldiers’ sacrifice in the name of the nation, presenting Ukraine’s response to Russia’s aggression as a righteous and noble struggle. Through linking this event to other periods of Ukraine’s history, they create plotlines of Ukraine’s centuries-long struggle for sovereignty and self-determination. Therefore, ordinary people contribute to the construction of narratives about history and the identity of the Ukrainian nation. This article is an empirical contribution to the body of knowledge on the commemorative activity of ordinary people as social memory actors, and it also contributes to the knowledge of how ongoing violent conflicts are commemorated.

Taking Charge as a Contextual Cue: How New CEO Regulatory Focus Influences Strategic Change

Becoming CEO is an emotionally charged event that is characterized by a sharp increase in visibility, responsibilities, expectations, and job vulnerability. Thus, rather than a “honeymoon” period, new CEOs are extremely busy learning about each aspect of the firm, developing relationships with stakeholders, and determining the firm's strategic direction. We suggest that the increased job demands associated with leading the firm, coupled with accentuated job vulnerability, alter the regulatory fit new CEOs experience, thus eliciting unique reactions depending on their regulatory foci. We argue that the increased vigilance and responsibility associated with becoming CEO fit the preferred goal pursuit means of CEOs high in prevention focus, increasing their motivation to engage in strategic change during the first 3 years of their tenure. Conversely, promotion-focused new CEOs engage in less change because they experience a misfit. We also consider how dynamics of the succession event further increase job demands and job vulnerability, moderating these relationships. Using a panel dataset of more than 800 public firms from 2000–2020, we find broad support for our hypotheses. Our primary contribution is showing that the sharp increase in job demands and job vulnerability that executives experience when they first become CEO shifts their regulatory fit and subsequent motivation to engage in strategic change in ways that prior theory would not predict.

Analysis of minimum ionising particles and soft protons using XMM-Newton EPIC pn-CCD as a particle detector

Context. Spacecrafts with imaging telescopes often carry a charge-coupled device (CCD) in their focal plane to detect electromagnetic radiation. Charged particles such as electrons, protons, and heavy ions can reach the CCD and deposit their energy in the detector material. To counteract this undesirable effect, algorithms are usually implemented to reject them. On the other hand, CCDs can also be seen as particle detectors. Aims. Even though rejection algorithms are often active to immediately discard undesired radiation, data including charged particles of ESA's XMM-Newton and Gaia were stored over the whole mission lifetime. In this article we primarily analyse and characterise the charged particles that were detected by XMM-Newton. A comparison to data from Gaia's CCDs is also presented. Methods. To characterise the particle flux in the spacecraft orbits we used all publicly available observations where no rejection algorithm was used in combination with observations where the rejection algorithm was used. The particle flux is analysed over time and space of the XMM-Newton orbit. Comparisons to external data are shown as well. Results. Our analysis shows that the rate of charged particle events has a modulation of about 11 yr and that particle flux and solar activity are anti-correlated. Moreover, we also show that often more than one charged particle hits the CCD simultaneously. Conclusions. Rejection algorithms are typically used to remove charged particle detection and preserve the scientific data missions. In this article, using XMM-Newton and Gaia data, we show that by neglecting rejection algorithms, charged particles detected on CCDs can be analysed and characterised over the spacecraft orbit.

Flashbulb memories

Abstract The two authors – one from literary and cultural studies, the other a cognitive psychologist – explore how the interdisciplinary perspective of Memory Studies can broaden and enrich current research efforts on flashbulb memories (FBMs). FBMs are memories of the circumstances in which one learned of a public emotionally charged event, such as 9/11. Psychological research on FBMs have focused on their cognitive properties, their putative accuracy and confidence. But we claim that when seen in the broader interdisciplinary perspective of collective memory research, FBMs emerge as inextricably linked up with social, cultural, and narrative dynamics. This article therefore locates FBMs at the intersection of individual and collective memory narratives. Connecting research in cognitive psychology with cultural Memory Studies, we explore how flashbulb narratives bear on social identity and how they might travel across national boundaries or across generations. We further discuss how FBMs are tied to culture, aesthetics, and media history.

Can standard model and experimental uncertainties resolve the MiniBooNE anomaly?

We critically examine a number of theoretical uncertainties affecting the MiniBooNE short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in an attempt to better understand the observed excess of electronlike events. We reexamine the impact of fake charged current quasielastic events, the background due to neutral current ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ production, and the single-photon background. For all processes, we compare the predictions of different event generators (genie, gibuu, nuance, and nuwro) and, for genie, of different tunes. Where MiniBooNE uses data-driven background predictions, we discuss the uncertainties affecting the relation between the signal sample and the control sample. In the case of the single-photon background, we emphasize the uncertainties in the radiative branching ratios of heavy hadronic resonances. We find that not even a combination of uncertainties in different channels adding up unfavorably (an ``Altarelli cocktail'') appears to be sufficient to resolve the MiniBooNE anomaly. We finally investigate how modified background predictions affect the fit of a $3+1$ sterile neutrino scenario. We carefully account for full four-flavor oscillations not only in the signal but also in the background and control samples. We emphasize that, because of the strong correlation between MiniBooNE's ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ samples, a sterile neutrino mixing only with ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ is sufficient to explain the anomaly, even though the well-known tension with external constraints on ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ disappearance persists.

Things I’ve Wanted to Share for a While: 10 Reflections on Navigating Multiple Pandemics as a Black Academic

Marked by a layered account that weaves back and forth between the months and moments that molded 2020, the autoethnographic poem, Things I’ ve Wanted to Share for a While, seeks to ask the question: How do Black scholars navigate instances when racially charged events that take place in the public sphere permeate their personal and professional lives?

From Interpersonal Field to Mind in the Work of Philip Bromberg

In this brief essay I describe in a very condensed way what is, to me, the heart of Philip Bromberg’s work: the creation of the mind from the affectively charged events of the interpersonal field, and the rootedness of therapeutic action in the analyst’s emotional responsiveness to the enactment of the patient’s structuralized dissociations.

The design and performance of charged particle detector onboard the GECAM mission

The Gravitational wave highly energetic Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is dedicated to detecting gravitational wave gamma-ray bursts. It is capable of all-sky monitoring over and discovering gamma-ray bursts and new radiation phenomena. GECAM consists of two microsatellites, each equipped with 8 charged particle detectors (CPDs) and 25 gamma-ray detectors (GRDs). The CPD is used to measure charged particles in the space environment, monitor energy and flow intensity changes, and identify between gamma-ray bursts and space charged particle events in conjunction with GRD. CPD uses plastic scintillator as the sensitive material for detection, silicon photomultiplier array as the optically readable device, and the inlaid Am-241 radioactive source as the onboard calibration means. In this paper, we will present the working principle, physical design, functional implementation and preliminary performance test results of the CPD. As a result, the energy range of electron, gamma-ray detection efficiency and dead time are tested to be better than the indexes required through the ground calibration experiment.

Antiracist Curriculum and Digital Platforms: Evidence from Black Lives Matter

In this paper, we examine the impact of racially charged events on the demand for antiracist classroom resources in U.S. public schools. We use book requests made by teachers on DonorsChoose, the largest crowdfunding platform for public school teachers, as a measure of intent to address race-related topics in the classroom. We use the precise timing of high-profile police brutality and other racially charged events in the United States (2010–2020) to identify their effect on antiracism requests relative to a control group. We find a significant increase in antiracism requests following the killing of George Floyd in 2020 and a null effect for all other events in the decade. We also find an increase in requests for books featuring Latinx, Asian, Muslim, and Jewish cultures, suggesting that a focus on equality for one group can spill over and yield culturally aware dialogues for other groups as well. Event studies suggest that local protests played a role in motivating some of the teachers to post these requests. In just four months following George Floyd’s death, $3.4 million worth of books featuring authors and characters from marginalized communities were successfully funded, reaching more than half a million students. Text analysis of impact notes posted by teachers suggests that hundreds of thousands of young students are being engaged in discussions about positive affirmation and cross-cultural acceptance. This paper was accepted by D.J. Wu, information systems.

Experiments and failure analysis of a charged board event on a hard disk drive printed circuit board assembly

A charged board event on a hard disk drive printed circuit board assembly was experimentally measured under the charged device model concept. Electrostatic discharge sensitivity was measured and used for establishing an electrostatic discharge control program for a hard disk drive assembly process. The results revealed that a sample printed circuit board was damaged when subjected to +2500 V. The tested hard disk drive could not initialize while some copper traces were melted and disconnected. This classification can be a guideline for managing manufacturing processes using essential insulators to mitigate field induced potentials in hard disk drive assembly.