For a system of point charges that interact through the three-dimensional electrostatic Coulomb potential (without any regularization) and obey the laws of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics with Bose or Fermi statistics, the static correlations between particles are shown to have a $\frac{1}{{r}^{6}}$ tail, at least at distances that are large with respect to the length of exponential screening. After a review of previous work, a term-by-term diagrammatic proof is given by using the formalism of paper I, where the quantum particle-particle correlations are expressed in terms of classical-loop distribution functions. The integrable graphs of the resummed Mayer-like diagrammatics for the loop distributions contain bonds between loops that decay either exponentially or algebraically, with a $\frac{1}{{r}^{3}}$ leading term analogous to a dipole-dipole interaction. This reflects the fact that the charge-charge or multipole-charge interactions between clusters of particles surrounded by their polarization clouds are exponentially screened, as at a classical level, whereas the multipole-multipole interactions are only partially screened. The correlation between loops decays as $\frac{1}{{r}^{3}}$, but the spherical symmetry of the quantum fluctuations makes this power law fall to $\frac{1}{{r}^{5}}$, and the harmonicity of the Coulomb potential eventually enforces the correlations between quantum particles to decay only as $\frac{1}{{r}^{6}}$. The coefficient of the $\frac{1}{{r}^{6}}$ tail at low density is planned to be given in a subsequent paper. Moreover, because of Coulomb screening, the induced charge density, which describes the response to an external infinitesimal charge, is shown to fall off as $\frac{1}{{r}^{8}}$, while the charge-charge correlation in the medium decreases as $\frac{1}{{r}^{10}}$. However, in spite of the departure of the quantum microscopic correlations from the classical exponential clustering, the total induced charge is still essentially determined by the exponentially screened charge-charge interactions, as in classical macroscopic electrostatics.