Charge Capacity Research Articles

Fabrication and performance assessment of coin cell supercapacitors with multiwalled carbon nanotube-supported mixed metal oxide nanocomposites and redox additive electrolyte

In the realm of supercapacitor applications, the fabrication of coin cell supercapacitors with superior performances played a crucial role. In this work, an asymmetrical type coin supercapacitor was fabricated with multiwalled carbon nanotube supported mixed metal oxide (CuO/CoO@MWCNT - CCM) nanocomposites (NCs) and potassium ferrocyanide incorporated KOH based redox additive electrolyte (RAE). The synergistic effect and the enhanced conductivity by the mixed metal oxides and MWCNT, respectively, were acted as the performance enhancer for electrode performances. On the other hand, RAE with optimized concentration provided additional redox active sites for superior performances. The combined effect of CCM NCs and RAE, were responsible for the superior performances. CCM NCs were prepared by one-pot hydrothermal technique and characterized. Working electrodes with CCM NCs were fabricated by doctor blade method and evaluated in KOH and RAE. It exhibited 1838.55 Fg−1 of specific capacitance (Csp) in RAE. Assembled asymmetrical supercapacitors with CCM NCs modified working electrode and activated carbon based anode, delivered 123.91 Fg−1 of Csp at 2.75 Ag−1 in RAE. The assembled supercapacitors delivered the highest energy density of 27.53 Wh kg−1 and power density of 1875 W kg−1 in RAE with an impressive 82.89 % of cyclic retention after 5000 GCD cycles. Finally, an asymmetric coin cell supercapacitor (CR2302) was fabricated with CCM NCs and RAE. The fabricated coin cell delivered the charge and discharge capacities of 157.72 and 55.99 mAh g−1, respectively in KOH, whereas these values were significantly improved 172.46 and 126.2 mAh g−1 respectively, in RAE. It proved that the fabricated coin cell supercapacitors performed well in terms of maximum charge and discharge performances in RAE compared to conventional KOH.

Storing electricity in the low-rank coal: The heat-upgrading carnot battery concept and a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis

Promoting the energy/exergy performance of Carnot batteries is beneficial for future applications. This work proposed a Carnot battery concept deeply integrated with the low-rank coal (LRC) power plant (LCPP) for (1) enhancing the energy/exergy performance and (2) reducing LCPP's carbon emission and the minimum technical output (to adopt excess renewable power). The enhancement is attributed to the heat-upgrading effect of LRC pre-drying process and the energy complementarity between the subunits. A thermodynamic model based on the typical LCPP and Carnot battery cases is established to assess and analyze the proposed system. As the results show: (1) Daily average round-trip/exergy efficiencies reach 70.92 % and 54.28 %, and 3.36 % of carbon emission (126.52 ton/day) is reduced in 24 h, significantly higher than the conventional HP-ORC Carnot battery integrated with LCPP. (2) The performance of the proposed Carnot battery cannot be directly predicted from the subunits' performance due to the discharge during the charging periods; however, as long as the integrated charging capacity is not too small, the energy/exergy performance can maintain an elevated level. (3) For a generalized HP-ORC Carnot battery, low exergy input of discharging cycle limits the performance improvement; however, in the proposed system, the energy-upgrading effect compensates for this shortcoming.

Exploring Synthesis Strategies and Interactions between MOFs and Drugs for Controlled Drug Loading and Release, Characterizing Interactions through Advanced Techniques.

This study explores various aspects of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), focusing on synthesis techniques to adjust pore size and key ligands and metals for crafting carrier MOFs. It investigates MOF-drug interactions, including hydrogen bonding, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions, along with kinetic studies. The multifaceted applications of MOFs in drug delivery systems are elucidated. The morphology and structure of MOFs are intricately linked to synthesis methodology, impacting attributes like crystallinity, porosity, and surface area. Hydrothermal synthesis yields MOFs with high crystallinity, suitable for catalytic applications, while solvothermal synthesis generates MOFs with increased porosity, ideal for gas and liquid adsorption. Understanding MOF-drug interactions is crucial for optimizing drug delivery, affecting charge capacity, stability, and therapeutic efficacy. Kinetic studies determine drug release rates and uniformity, vital for controlled drug delivery. Overall, comprehending drug-MOF interactions and kinetics is essential for developing effective and controllable drug delivery systems.

Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Performance of Bi2S3/Rice Husk-Based Activated Carbon Composites As Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

This study investigates the impact of hydrothermal duration on bismuth sulfide/activated carbon composites (Bi2S3/AC) by varying the duration to 8, 24, and 48 hours. The primary aim is to delineate the composite characteristics and electrochemical performance of Bi2S3/AC composites, aiming to produce anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity, excellent cyclic stability, and minimal volume expansion. Activated carbon derived from rice husks was synthesized via a carbonization process and chemical activation using H3PO4 as an activator. Subsequently, the synthesis of Bi2S3/AC composites used bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and thiourea precursors through the hydrothermal method that involved three variations of hydrothermal duration: 8, 24, and 48 hours, denoted as BC8, BC24, and BC48, respectively. The FTIR test indicates the presence of Bi-S, C=C, and C-O groups in the three composite products, signifying the existence of bismuth sulfide and activated carbon. The XRD result reveals orthorhombic crystal forms in the composites, while the SEM-EDX mapping illustrates particle morphologies resembling flower-like shapes. These compositions comprise Bi 74.16%, S 11.37%, and C 10.43%. The GSA test suggests a mesoporous pore size in these composites. In final result, BC24 exhibits the highest electrical and ionic conductivity, measuring 2.12 × 10−3 S.cm−1 and 2.057 × 10−4 S.cm−1, respectively. The CV data of the BC24 composite indicates two reduction and oxidation peaks in the first cycle. Charge-discharge test on the BC24 composite exhibits a specific charge capacity of 445.51 mAh/g and a discharge capacity of 364.24 mAh/g.

Routing and charging scheduling for the electric carsharing system with mobile charging vehicles

Electric carsharing systems are expected to be an optional alternative to private vehicles for decreasing the urban traffic congestion and emissions. However, the temporal and spatial imbalance of the charging demand of shared electric vehicles adds to the managerial complexity of electric carsharing systems. This paper integrates mobile charging vehicles into the electric carsharing system to address this imbalance. Mobile charging vehicles can dwell at stations to provide elastic charging capacity, and thereby decrease both the waiting time of shared electric vehicles at busy stations and the investments in fixed charging piles at suburban stations. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming formulation is proposed based on a time-space network, in which the routes of shared electric vehicles, charging schedules of shared electric vehicles, and routes of mobile charging vehicles are optimized simultaneously. Then, an algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation is proposed. Specifically, the proposed formulation is decomposed into three independent subproblems. We propose three exact algorithms for these subproblems, and a tailored multistep repair algorithm is designed to generate feasible solutions. A case study in Hefei, China demonstrates the performance of the proposed algorithm and the effects of the number of SEVs, the number of MCVs, the number of fixed charging piles, trip component, battery capacity, and revenue on the operation of the electric carsharing system.

Innovative Design of anode materials for Li-ion batteries: Bismuth oxide/sodium bismuth molybdate nanocomposites

Novel bismuth oxide/sodium bismuth molybdate nanocomposites (NCs), Bi2O3@NaBi(MoO4)2, were developed successfully via simple methods. Advanced analyses revealed that the NCs were composed of Bi2O3 and NaBi(MoO4)2 particles at the nanoscale, below 10 nm, in a combination of amorphous and crystalline forms. In this work, these NCs were utilized as lithium-ion battery anode materials for the first time, demonstrating exceptional electrochemical performances, including high capacity, superior capacity retention, high coulombic efficiency, excellent rate capacity, and pseudo-capacitance behavior. For instance, Bi2O3@NaBi(MoO4)2 NCs prepared at 1 h and 3 h of reaction time delivered a reversible charge capacity of 1052 and 1034 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at current densities of 0.1 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 110 and 129 %, respectively. Notably, all the NCs anodes exhibited an excellent initial coulombic efficiency of above 80 %. Materials characterizations and electrochemical analysis revealed that the improved electrochemical properties of the NCs were attributed to their unique architectures, which featured nanostructures, molybdate components, and a small amount of amorphous phase. In addition, the significant capacity increase could be due to the electrochemical milling effect, the in situ formation of metallic particles, and the role of Mo metal in the NCs anodes as the catalysts for Li2O decomposition during cycling. It concluded that Bi2O3@NaBi(MoO4)2 NCs have great potential as advanced anodes for Li-ion storages.

Binder-free Cu-Sb-Sn-Zn-P alloys as high-efficiency anodes for sodium-ion batteries via double-pulse electrodeposition

Alloy anodes are widely recognized for their high theoretical specific capacity and have garnered significant attention among the anode materials studied for sodium-ion batteries. In this study, we synthesize Cu68.6Sb23.0Sn3.2Zn0.3P4.9 anodes using a double-pulse electrodeposition method. This binder-free alloy anode, comprising five high-capacity elements, significantly enhances specific capacity and improves cycling stability, while also demonstrating excellent sodium storage capability. Specifically, the Cu68.6Sb23.0Sn3.2Zn0.3P4.9 anode achieves an initial charge capacity of 368.8 mAh∙g−1 and remains highly stable over 100 cycles, with a capacity decay of only 0.1 %. In addition, the anode delivers 290.3 mAh∙g−1 even at a current density of 3200 mA∙g−1. The outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to improved electronic transfer efficiency due to the introduction of Cu into Cu68.6Sb23.0Sn3.2Zn0.3P4.9 alloy via reverse potential, as well as the porous structure that facilitates electrolyte penetration and sodium ion transport. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique reveals a high sodium ion diffusion coefficient, further highlighting the potential of this alloy anode in advancing sodium-ion batteries.

Facile recycling of porous Si waste for stable Si/C anodes

As the rapid development of photovoltaic industry, vast of polycrystalline Si has been produced for photovoltaic products. Meanwhile, large amount of Si waste is generated from mechanical slicing process and retired electronic products. Reasonable recycling the Si waste can save resources and reduce environmental pollution. Herein, porous Si is prepared from Si waste by magnesium thermal reduction and then embedded in industry lignin alkali-based carbon matrix (LAC) via co-precipitation and sintering process to obtain Si/C composite anode for lithium-ion batteries. Owing to the encapsulation structure, the carbon matrix can alleviate the volumetric expansion of Si and improve electronic conductivity of composite, the obtained Si@LAC anode exhibits high charge capacity of 1017.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and high capacity retention of 94.9 % at 0.5 A g−1 after 200 cycles. Furthermore, the Si@LAC composite displays superior rate performance with high capacity of 596.7 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 which is 61.5 % of the value at 0.2 A g−1. Such a high performance Si/C anode from facile preparation demonstrates a viable route to utilization of photovoltaic Si waste and industrial lignin.

Induced electric wireless effects on energy storage: Bipolar electrochemistry effects on Cu/Zn batteries performance

Immersed conducting materials in an electrolyte undergo polarization in presence of electric fields, resulting in a dipole where opposite poles of the material become an anode and cathode, where electrochemical reactions may occur at sufficiently induced potentials. Such induction phenomena lower significantly the resistance of the electrochemical cell. This work shows how in a Cu/Zn battery, it also yields lower overpotentials, and enhanced charge capacity and power, especially at high currents. The outcome of such bipolar electrochemistry, depends on the specific configuration of the bipolar electrodes within the electric field, and the possible reactions at the bipolar electrode for the specific redox system chosen. For the largest induced dipole tested, specific capacities may be increased by 40 % and volumetric capacities may double. It is of great significance that, with appropriate configurations, the capacity of a specific battery may be greatly enhanced, allowing also to reduce the number of cells in a stack to maintain the same performance.

Monitoring the synergistic effect of Mn/Ni Co-doping and morphological engineering in α-Fe2O3 for energy storage capacity as battery type electrode material

Morphology engineering and elemental doping proved to be an efficient way to enhance the capacitive performance of electroactive materials. To investigate the tuning of morphology via doping here, pure α-Fe2O3 and Ni1-xMnxFeO3+δ (x = 0,0.3,0.5,0.7,1) was synthesized via the hydrothermal method and investigated the impact of Ni and Mn doping on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of α-Fe2O3. The XRD and Raman spectra confirmed the single-phase hematite's rhombohedral crystal structure of pure α-Fe2O3 with no extra peaks confirming the Ni and Mn doping without impurities. SEM analysis demonstrated a shift in the morphology of nanostructures, from spherical to nano-rod structures with increasing the concentration of Mn doping. Cyclic voltammetry results unveiled the battery-type behavior of Ni1-xMnxFeO3+δ nanoparticles while GCD results indicated an escalation in specific capacity from 380 Cg-1 (706 Fg-1) to 751 Cg-1 (1251 Fg-1) with higher Mn content. This increase culminated in the highest specific capacity of 751 Cg-1 (1251 Fg-1) for α-MnFeO3 +δ nanoparticles at the current density of 1 Ag-1 which is higher than α-Fe2O3 (380 Cg-1), NiFeO3+δ (425 Cg-1), Ni0.7Mn0.3FeO3+δ (470 Cg-1), Ni0.5Mn0.5FeO3+δ (530 Cg-1), and Ni0.3Mn0.7FeO3+δ (590 Cg-1). In addition, α-MnFeO3+δ exhibited a remarkable charge capacity retention (96%), and 100% coulomb efficiency after 10,000 consecutive GCD cycles. The noteworthy specific capacity and robust stability of the α-MnFeO3+δ nanorods suggest their suitability as potential candidates for battery type supercapacitors.

Underwater blade-free triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting current energy in low-speed current

Ocean current energy bears the characteristics of wide distribution and high energy density. Harvesting current energy as the in-situ power for distributed ocean sensors will greatly enhance the sustainability of ocean sensing. In many parts of the ocean, the current speed is not desirable (low or unstable) for conventional current energy harvesting devices. Here, an underwater blade-free triboelectric nanogenerator (UBF-TENG) is developed to effectively utilize the low-speed currents through the flow-induced vibration (FIV). The power generation unit is fully enclosed inside the shell, effectively reducing the direct impact and underwater corrosion. The study demonstrates that within the established experimental parameters space, the optimized UBF-TENG can facilitate a start-up speed as low as 0.14 m/s. The UBF-TENG has achieved a maximum open-circuit voltage output of 250 V and a maximum short-circuit current output of 2.2μA at 0.76 m/s. The charging capacity of the UBF-TENG is tested with various capacitors, demonstrating the application potential of the UBF-TENG as an in-situ power supply underwater.

Enhancing Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance with Photoactive LiFePO4/CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots Composite Cathodes

AbstractThe advancement of photo‐assisted lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) relies on developing suitable photoactive Li+ storage materials and understanding their energy storage/conversion mechanisms. A novel composite material, LiFePO4/CsPbBr3 quantum dots (LFP/CPB QDs) is presented, created by embedding CPB QDs onto LFP nanoparticles. This composite exhibits dual functionalities of photoelectric conversion and storage in LIBs. Under simulated light, the composite demonstrated significant enhancements in charge and discharge capacities, with increases of 16.8% and 16.4% at 3C, respectively. Remarkably, the coulombic efficiency exceeded 100%, reaching 115.2% when charged in the dark and discharge under light. The LFP/CPB QDs cathode also maintained 93.9% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5C. Analyses with synchronous‐illumination X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed photo‐induced charge transfer at the composite interface. Under sunlight, CPB QDs transfer photogenerated electrons to LFP, promoting the transition of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and enhancing Li+ reaction kinetics. These findings offer valuable insights for designing electrode materials for photo‐assisted battery applications.

Self-supported NiCo2O4@Ni1.18S core-shell nanocomposite with impressive electrochemical properties suitable for hybrid supercapacitors

Self-supported NiCo2O4@Ni1.18S core-shell nanocomposite were synthesized on nickel foams by uniform growth Ni1.18S nanosheets encircling NiCo2O4 nanoneedles. Characterization results demonstrate that NiCo2O4@Ni1.18S core-shell nanocomposite have significant advantages in one - and two-dimensional nanostructure coordination structure, with richer REDOX active sites and more energy storage paths. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations results indicate that the surficial adsorption energy with OH− ions is enhanced in NiCo2O4@ Ni1.18S nanocomposite, thereby facilitating the reversible redox reaction kinetics and the electrochemical activity. As a result, self-supported NiCo2O4@Ni1.18S core-shell nanocomposite exhibit excellent energy-storage properties, i.e.: the specific charge capacity of 3158 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, high rate performance of 52.3 % from 1 A g−1 to 5 A g−1, and the 81.25 % capacity retention rate after 5000 cycles. Especially, it should be pointed out that the hybrid supercapacitors assembled from self-supported NiCo2O4@Ni1.18S core-shell nanocomposite and activated carbon present the wide voltage window (0–1.6 V), high energy density of 100.3 Wh kg−1 at power density of 177 W kg−1 and prospective commercial consideration. These facts fully prove the practical feasibility of self-supported NiCo2O4@Ni1.18S core-shell nanocomposite in advanced energy-storage facilities.

Bonding evolution in PbO@C composites for lead-carbon battery: Implications for HRPSoC performance

Due to the huge density difference between lead and carbon, the strength of the bonding between lead and carbon materials plays a key role in lead-carbon batteries (LCBs). Here, the evolution and transformation of Pb and C bonding in the negative active materials (NAMs) were studied throughout the battery fabrication process of curing, formation and charge/discharge cycles. The results indicate PbC bond in the PbO@C composite is cleaved by chemical reactions during the curing and formation process. In addition, the graphitization degree of the carbon material decreased after charge/discharge cycles. Compared with the blank lead-acid battery, the initial capacity and high-rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC) cycle life of lead-carbon with PbO@C composite significantly increase. The previous sites of Pb and C after the transformation of lead and its compounds can still act as active sites for the reaction of NAMs in curing, formation and charge/discharge cycles. Meanwhile, the porous carbon material in PbO@C can act as a supporting skeleton and a 3D electroosmotic pump, which is beneficial for the interaction between the electrolyte and the negative electrode active substance, attributing to the boosted performance of lead-carbon battery. This work provides theoretical support for understanding the lead-carbon binding mechanism during the operation of lead-carbon batteries.

Achievement of advanced alkaline Ni-Zn batteries with good durability at a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2 via the synergistic regulation of dual electrolyte additives

Though obvious advantages in terms of safety, cost, environmental compatibility and electrochemical performance (e.g, power and energy density), the commercial application of alkaline Ni-Zn batteries, a number of traditional aqueous batteries, is still under great restrictions owing to the poor durability (commonly less than 100 cycles). In this work, an effective electrolyte modification process using dual additives of hydroxy-rich carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) that can inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and suppress Zn dendrites, and benzyltrimethylammonium bromide (BTMAB) that can mitigate passivation and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is developed. Meanwhile, our home made C coated ZnO (ZnO@C) microspheres were used as initial anode materials without the using of any other expensive composites. With a fixed areal charge capacity of 10 mAh cm−2, the flat type full cell matched with commercial Ni(OH)2 cathode can deliver a high average discharge capacity of ∼9.6 mAh cm−2 (corresponding to an average CE of 96 %) for a long lifespan of over 390 cycles, which drops to 8.2 mAh cm−2 at 400th cycle accompanied by the appearance of a peak in the charge curve. The cumulative discharge capacity of a full cell can reach ∼4,000 mAh cm−2 in 420 cycles’ cycling, much larger than that using commercial Zn/ZnO anode and the ZnO@C anode in unmodified or single additive modified electrolyte (less than 1,500 mAh cm−2).

Sustainable Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Cathodes from Graphite of Failed Commercial Li-Ion Batteries for High-Performance Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries.

The need for revamping spent graphite (SG) from battery waste of commercial lithium-ion batteries and employing it as a source for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) is focused. Thus, this work emphasizes the study of GO sheets, synthesized via modified Hummer's method from spent graphite (SG-GO) as cathodes for an aqueous zinc ion battery (AZIB) system, for the first time in literature. For comparison, graphene oxide is also synthesized using commercial graphite powder, its structural and morphological properties are analyzed with SG-GO. The coin cell AZIB device is fabricated for both the GOs and the electrochemical performances revealed that SG-GO portrayed an enhanced charge capacity of 270 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 in 3m ZnSO4 in comparison to GO which delivered ≈198 mAh g-1 at the same current density of 0.1 A g-1. The long-run cycling analysis of SG-GO elucidated the capacity retention of 77.3% at 1 A g-1 even after 1000 cycles. Moreover, the performance of SG-GO is inspected in different electrolyte systems and the suitable electrolyte underwent concentration variation studies to figure out the capability of the system in storing Zn2+ ions which is found to be more in 3M ZnSO4 electrolyte.

Design and preparation of carbon-coated NaZnFe(MoO4)3 composite as novel anode materials for lithium/sodium-ion batteries

The investigation of new anode materials with novel crystal structure and high ionic conductivity is of great significance for potential applications in lithium/sodium-ion batteries. Herein, carbon-coated NaZnFe(MoO4)3 composite was produced by solid state method coupled with the mechanical ball milling technique. The crystal and morphology were accurately confirmed by XRD, XPS and SEM techniques. When tested with lithium-ion batteries, the charging capacity reached an impressive 1005 mA h g−1 during the initial cycle and 840 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles, resulting in a capacity retention of 84.2 %. This performance is 40 % higher than that of the sample without a carbon layer coating. When utilized as an anode for sodium-ion batteries, the carbon-coated NaZnFe(MoO4)3 composite electrode exhibited a remarkable specific capacity of 152 mA h g−1 and a high capacity retention of 74.9 % after 100 cycles at a rate of 100 mA g−1. Furthermore, the charge capacity was measured at 105 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles test conducted at 500 mA g−1, with a capacity retention of 86.0 %. The advantages of polyanionic molybdate NaZnFe(MoO4)3 combined with the simple carbon coating strategy make it possible to application in the next generation of Li/Na secondary batteries.

A hybrid data-driven approach for state of health estimation in lithium-ion batteries

ABSTRACT The assessment of the state of health (SOH) in lithium-ion batteries is essential for ensuring safe operation and implementing scientific management practices. This paper proposes a novel hybrid data-driven approach for accurately estimating the SOH of lithium-ion cells. Initially, the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) was implemented to optimize the structural configuration of a hybrid long-short-term memory neural network and convolutional neural network model. Second, four health indicators, namely, constant current charging time (CCCT), constant current charging capacity (CCCC), discharging time (DT), and discharging capacity (DC), were identified as inputs to the estimation model by Pearson correlation analysis. The CALCE battery dataset is utilized for conducting experiments, yielding remarkably low average values of root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), standing at merely 0.6737% and 0.5286%, respectively. And comparing with GRU, TCN, CNN, LSTM, and PSO optimization models, the proposed method has higher SOH estimation accuracy, which is more than 11% better than that. The robustness of three additional kinds of batteries is tested to validate their performance under varying current rates and temperatures. The results demonstrate that the accurate estimation of SOH, and the estimated values’ relative errors for each cycle of the three different types of batteries are all basically within 1%, with their maximum average RMSE are only 0.4840%, 0.3609%, and 0.5681%, respectively, and their maximum average MAE are only 0.3900%, 0.2828%, and 0.4149%, respectively.

ULPING-Based Titanium Oxide as a New Cathode Material for Zn-Ion Batteries

The need for alternative energy storage options beyond lithium-ion batteries is critical due to their high costs, resource scarcity, and environmental concerns. Zinc-ion batteries offer a promising solution, given zinc’s abundance, cost effectiveness, and safety, particularly its compatibility with non-flammable aqueous electrolytes. In this study, the potential of laser-ablation-based titanium oxide as a novel cathode material for zinc-ion batteries was investigated. The ultra-short laser pulses for in situ nanostructure generation (ULPING) technique was employed to generate nanostructured titanium oxide. This laser ablation process produced highly porous nanostructures, enhancing the electrochemical performance of the electrodes. Zinc and titanium oxide samples were evaluated using two-electrode and three-electrode setups, with cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) techniques. Optimal cathode materials were identified in the Ti-5W (laser ablated twice) and Ti-10W (laser ablated ten times) samples, which demonstrated excellent charge capacity and energy density. The Ti-10W sample exhibited superior long-term performance due to its highly porous nanostructures, improving ion diffusion and electron transport. The potential of laser-ablated titanium oxide as a high-performance cathode material for zinc-ion batteries was highlighted, emphasizing the importance of further research to optimize laser parameters and enhance the stability and scalability of these electrodes.

Large-Scale Synthesis of N,S Codoped Carbon-Modified Fe0.975S Composites as a Novel Anode for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Performance.

To overcome obstacles hindering the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), we introduce a cost-effective single-step sulfurization strategy for synthesizing iron sulfide (Fe0.975S) nanohybrids, augmented by N,S codoped carbon. The resulting N,S codoped carbon-coated Fe0.975S (Fe0.975S@NSC) electrode exhibits exceptional potential as a highly reversible anode material for both LIBs and SIBs. With impressive initial discharge and charge capacities (1658.2 and 1254.9 mAh g-1 for LIBs and 1450.9 and 1077.1 mAh g-1 for SIBs), the electrode maintains substantial capacity retention (900 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles for LIBs and 492.5 mA h g-1 after 600 cycles for SIBs at 1.0 A g-1). The LiMn2O4//Fe0.975S@NSC and Na3V2(PO4)3//Fe0.975S@NSC full batteries can maintain excellent reversible capacity and robust cycling stability. Ex situ and in situ X-ray diffraction, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and kinetics analysis confirm the promising energy storage potential of the Fe0.975S@NSC composite.