Character Of Use Research Articles

On a method for character weighting a similarity coefficient, employing the concept of information

A similarity coefficient is defined in which characters are weighted in proportion to the information they convey, and in inverse proportion to their overall association with other characters. The characters may be discrete or continuously variable, or a mixture of both. With discrete characters, and under ideal conditions, it reduces to the ordinary Sokal-Mitchener coefficient. Under nonideal conditions, it offers a significant gain in the objectivity of numerical taxonomic methods by reducing considerably the need for personal skill and judgment in the selection and scoring of characters for use in an analysis of a group of OTU’s.

The Effect of Environment On Nematode Morphometrics. Comparison of Ditylenchus Myceliophagus and D. Destructor

By studying the variation in morphometric characters of D. myceliophagus under changing environmental conditions, the most stable characters were found to be length of post-vulval sac, length of post-vulval sac as a percentage of total length, and length to vulva as a percentage of total length. A comparison of morphometric characters of D. myceliophagus and D. destructor under similar conditions confirmed their similarity but showed that since average length of post-vulval sac as a percentage of total length always differed between the two species they could be separated morphometrically. The implications of these results for selecting suitable characters for use in taxonomy are discussed.

O programador como animador: Interfaces possíveis entre animação e programação por meio do uso de placas Arduíno para produção de Animatronics

Este trabalho se configura como um relato de produção de um personagem do tipo animatronic para utilização no filme de animação: “Vida de Boneco”, vencedor do Grande Prêmio do Cinema Brasileiro de 2017 na categoria melhor curta metragem de animação. Além de explicitar o processo de produção, será feita uma pequena discussão sobre o uso de sistemas embarcados, mais especificamente a placa Arduíno como base para produção deste tipo de personagem, apresentando as possibilidades de uso, as vantagens e os problemas. Este tipo de personagem traz uma possibilidade nova de performance para o personagem, podendo ser feita por meio de uma programação antecipada de todas as possibilidades de ações possíveis ou por meio de um código único, que após acionado, permite uma sequência inteira de ações performáticas, transformando o programador em um animador.

Age Determination of Blue-Winged Teal

Primary freater secondary coverts, and the degree of bill spotting were evaluated as characters for use in the spring to distinguish first-year, blue-winged teal (Aras discors) females from older ones. The length of the 10th primary feather did not prove suitable to separate different aged females. Extreme primary lengths might be used to determine the age of some males. In females that have been through a postnuptial molt the greater secondary coverts have a more symmetrical, and more acutely angled, white, inverted V-marking. Any female with a V subjectively classified as good has gone through at least one postnuptial molt, and a female with no sign of a V on the coverts is a juvenile or yearling before her first postnuptial molt. By measuring the longest bill spot on the upper mandible of each known-age female, it was possible to determine the age of some female teal. Because the spots fade during the breeding season, no lower size limit could be set to delineate first-year females at that time of year, but any nest-trapped hen with a spot longer than 10 mm was considered to be older than 1 year. Upper and lower limits were also established to distinguish some yearlings and 2year-olds in the fall. E DETERMINATION OF BLUE-WINGED TEAL1 RLES W. DANE, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana2 This evaluation of age characters was prompted by a need to establish a means of distinguishing first-year, blue-winged teal females from older females during the breeding season, so that reproductive in1 This work was financed by the Purdue Research Foundation and the North American Wildlife Foundation, and the field research was conducted at the Delta Waterfowl Research Station, Delta, Manitoba. 2 Present address: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota. is evaluation of age characters wa o pted by a need to establish a me ns distinguishing first-year, blue-winged al females from older females during the eeding season, so that rep oductive inhis work was fina ced by the Purdue Research formation from nest-trapped females could be used in a study of the influence of age on reproductive capability. Cloacal characters (Gower 1939, Hochbaum 1942), notched rectrices (Pirnie 1935:275), and markings and condition of tertials (Carney and Geis 1960) are characters used in distinguishing juvenile waterfowl from adults in the fall, but these are not valid for separating first-year ducks from older birds in the breeding season. Tarsi and bills of redheads (Aythya americana) attain full est-trapped females could of the influence of age i e ca ability. Cloacal charThis content downloaded from 40.77.167.35 on Wed, 28 Jun 2017 17:57:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 268 Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 32, No. 2, April 1968

Taxonomy of Yeasts

ON different occasions, when studying the classification of yeasts, I have been able to appreciate how little consistency there is in the taxonomic characters in use. Recently, I have met with fresh anomalies which, in my opinion, make a complete revision of the present system of classification of yeasts unavoidable.

The Fermentation of Trehalose by Yeasts and its Taxonomic Implications

SUMMARY: In the classification of yeasts it is customary to use an infusion of bakers’ yeast as the basal medium for fermentation tests. This extract frequently contains variable amounts of trehalose. A number of yeasts were observed to ferment yeast extract and trehalose. The fermentation of yeast extract is serious from a taxonomic point of view, since it gives the impression of positive fermentation of a sugar which actually may not be fermentable. Dilute yeast autolysate should be used as the basal fermentation medium since during autolysis trehalose is destroyed. The fermentation of yeast extract (without added sugar) is easily observed in Durham tubes by the collection of gas in the inserts, but when Einhorn fermentation tubes are used gas production is seldom apparent. One culture (N-18) isolated from spoiled apricots, and identified as Candida tropicalis showyed adaptive trehalose fermentation. The ability of various yeasts to ferment trehalose was investigated, using 133 cultures, representing twenty genera and seventy-three species. Sixteen species representing seven genera fermented yeast extract and trehalose. The fermentation of trehalose is worthy of consideration as a character for use in differentiating certain species of Candida, and perhaps other yeasts.

The Nesting Habits of Polistes Wasps as a Factor in Taxonomy

The suggestion is made by Dr. Robert Bugbee, in an interesting paper on Polistes fuscatus (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 29: 614-616, 1936), that the nesting habits of Polistes wasps may be considered as another character for use in working out the phylogeny as well as the taxonomy of these wasps. He further states that a few clues in this line are now at hand, and more should be gathered since “the study of this aspect of behavior offers many interesting problems and angles.” His remarks have still greater significance inasmuch as a study of the genus Polistes offers baffling difficulties to the taxonomist. Therefore any additional clues that their behavior can supply may in part answer the questions perplexing the taxonomist; or they may at least show the directions in which the various members of the genus are moving, psychologically.

On the Syllabic Characters in Use amongst the Vey Negroes

On the Syllabic Characters in Use amongst the Vey Negroes