Characterization Research Articles

Characterization of Contaminants Molds in Smoked Fish Coated in Chitosan

Smoked fish is one of the traditional fish processing through the process of open heat smoking. The water content in smoked fish is quite high. The high water content will facilitate the growth and development of decaying microbes. Some studies have reported that smoked fish after being stored for several days will be overgrown at any time, even smoked fish that have been coated with chitosan. Research objectives to analyze the characteristics of contaminants in smoked fish treated with chitosan. The research was conducted from November to December 2020 at FPIK UNIPAS Morotai Laboratory. The growth medium of the glyph uses potato extract (PDA), the isolation of the glyph from smoked cob fish, as well as the characterization of the glyph which includes macroscopic and microscopic characters. The data obtained is analyzed descriptively. The result is isolation was found five isolates of any time, namely isolates KU1, KU2, KU3, MG1, and KS1. Based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization, isolate KU1 such as Fusarium oxysporum , isolate KU2 such as Aspergillus niger , isolate KU3 such as Penicillium sp., isolate MG1 such as Aspergillus flavus , and isolate KS1 such as Acremonium sp.

Ferrocenyl imidazolo[2,1- b ]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles: A microwave-assisted catalyst-free synthesis, characterization, and biological activities

Ferrocenyl imidazolo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles are synthesized using 2-amino-5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole and α-bromoacetyl ferrocene as substrates under microwave-assisted and catalyst-free con...

Molecular characterization of bacteria strians isolated from JIKO: A herbal preparation consumed in some parts of Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria

Herbal products are considered as phytomedicines which are used as complementary medicine and without adequate monitoring they are leased straightaway into the market. Preparation, transportation and handling of these products can lead to high microbial contamination which can be harmful to human health. The aim of this research was to molecularly characterize some multiple resistance bacteria obtained from JIKO which is a herbal preparation consumed in some parts of Kaduna metropolis. The genomic DNA was extracted from each bacteria isolates, 16s rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced. The sequenced obtained from the amplified genes were analyzed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) of the National Center for Biotechnology Institute database to compare the genes with the exist genes with ones in GENbank. The results obtained confirmed the identities of four bacteria isolates: Three Bacillus cereus and a Serratia species.  It was concluded that herbal products can contain some bacterial contaminants if not properly handled.   Key words: Herbal, phytomedicines, contaminants, genomic.

Seed germination and morphological characterization of traditional leafy vegetables

Traditional leafy vegetables provide affordable sources of micronutrients to many people in Zimbabwe. They are produced by smallholder farmers with limited knowledge on the agronomic value of high-quality seed and the seed is rarely tested to determine its quality. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the germination of seeds of three traditional leafy vegetables sourced from five different farmers and the morphological characteristics of the seedlings. The seeds were collected in the growing season of 2015 to 2016, stored at room temperature and tested for germination in the laboratory at regular monthly intervals during storage. Field germination tests were conducted only once. The seeds tested were classified as normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings, fresh non-germinated seeds or dead seeds. Morphological analysis was conducted at seedling stage, including seven qualitative characters and one quantitative character. Mean separation based on the least significance difference at 5% indicated that percentage germination, purity and 1000-seeds weight for all three species significantly differed among sources. The results showed that Cleome gynandra had lowest germination percentages, Amaranthus hybridus was intermediate and Bidens pilosa had highest values throughout the tests. C. gynandra seed exhibited dormancy, showing high levels of fresh non-germinated seed percentage after each test, which is potentially disastrous for the farmers. The combination of pre-chilling, light, potassium nitrate and alternating temperatures as a way of improving germination for C. gynandra needs further validation. Key words: Seed quality, purity, germination, morphological characteristics of seedlings.

Molecular characterization and improved diagnostics of Nocardia strains isolated over the last two decades at a German tertiary care center.

Nocardiosis is a rare but life-threatening infection caused by aerobic Actinomycetes of the genus Nocardia particularly affecting immunocompromised hosts. The identification of Nocardia ssp. and antibiotic susceptibility testing by standard microbiological methods are incomplete and molecular techniques may improve diagnostics. We studied 39 Nocardia strains isolated from 33 patients between 2000 and 2018. Twenty-four patients (72.7 %) were immunocompromised. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed a broad taxonomic range of those isolates spanning 13 different species, including four strains that belonged to three novel species based on average nucleotide identity (ANI < 95 % with currently available genome sequences). 16S rRNA gene analyses mirrored WGS results. Conventional MALDI-TOF analysis correctly identified 29 isolates at the species level (74.4 %). Our advanced protocol with formic acid and acetonitrile treatment increased identification to 35 isolates (89.7 %). Antibiotic resistance was tested using both a microdilution method and MIC strip testing. Results were in good concordance with an overall trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) resistance rate of 13.5 %. WGS of a SXT resistant N. farcinica isolate showed a deletion of several amino acids in a homolog of dihydropteroate synthase (FolP2) that was not seen in sensitive members of this species. Diversity of Nocardia isolates was high and involved many different species, suggesting that this taxon has broadly distributed mechanisms for infecting individuals. Widely applicable diagnostic methods including MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene analyses correctly identified most strains. WGS additionally revealed molecular insights into SXT resistance mechanisms of clinical Nocardia isolates highlighting the potential application of (meta)genomic-based diagnostics in the future.

Characterization of Extracted Dissolved Gas from Water

Characterization of Extracted Dissolved Gas from Water

Composition and balance of the analytical fractionation of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca L.) seeds harvested in Senegal

The desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca L.) can be one of the most common trees in Senegal. Thus, the objective is to carry out an analytical fractionation of these seeds to consider prospects for valuing the different constituents and a diagram of fractionation processes. The physical characterization of the seeds made it possible to know the fruit-seed and kernel-hull proportions. The chemical composition of the seeds shows that three main fractions represent 90% of its dry matter: The fibrous (68%), the lipid (14%) and the proteins (nearly 9%). The kernel is made up of 34.50% (80% of the lipid) and 28.75% of proteins (or 93% of the protein) while the hull is essentially fibrous, 90% contains 85% of the fibers.  The high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids oleic and linoleic (73%) associated with those of saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) in high proportions (27%) and the high contents of sterols (2.11 g/kg), and in tocopherols (512.40 mg/kg), make desert date oil an excellent food oil. On the other hand, it has qualities that make it suitable for use in various non-food applications. Proteins are made up of three main amino acids: glutamic acid (20.35%), arginine (14.42%) and aspartic acid (11.29%). The amino acid composition is close to that of oil seeds whose cakes are widely used in animal or even human food. Given their essentially lignocellulosic composition, the hulls obtained from shelling can be used as fuel or be extruded and used for the manufacture of composite agro-materials.   Key words: Desert date, Balanites aegyptiaca, seeds, analytical fractionation, proteins, lipids.

Characterization of amethyst applied to TL and OSL dosimetry

RESUMOUma ametista é uma variedade geológica de quartzo (SiO2) e pode ser encontrada em abundância no Brasil. Sabe se o quartzo mostra uma luminescência intensa que é usada na remoção de sedimentos e é facilmente detectada na natureza, devido a essas características, foi escolhida para executar análises de termoluminescência (TL) e luminescência óptica estimulada (OSL) para avaliar suas personalizações. Uma caracterização morfológica foi realizada por meio da técnica de difração de raios X (DRX) e confirmou se uma amostra é um quartzo alfa puro.Os elementos totais e vestígios foram selecionados pela técnica de Fluorescência de Raios X de Reflexão Total (TXRF) e diversas impurezas foram encontradas como P (11148 mg / kg), S (27,1 mg / kg), K (10,35 mg / kg), Ca (47,84 mg / kg), Fe (13,69 mg / kg), Cu (2,383 mg / kg) e Zn (11,082 mg / kg), também algumas impurezas vestigiais, como Cr (0,746 mg / kg), O Mn (0,186 mg / kg) e o Ni (0,331 mg / kg) foram selecionados e podem ter papel importante na emissão luminescente. Uma amostra em pó foi irradiada com doses crescentes de beta beta, em um intervalo de 5 a 25 Gy e mostrou picos de TL a aproximadamente 110, 240 ° C. A resposta do OSL foi verificada com películas produzidas com ametista e teflon; como pelotas fornecer uma excelente resposta OSL.Os nossos resultados mostram que um ametista pode ser usado para osimetria OSL e TL.

Pharmacognostic and phytochemical characterization of Maerua angolensis DC.

Maerua angolensis DC is a medicinal plant widely used in ethnomedicine in northern Nigeria. It is used to treat disease conditions like skin infections, sexually transmitted diseases, peptic ulcers and wounds amongst others. The plant is well known in Fulani Fulfude as leggal baali (or leggal mbaali). The plant was subjected to pharmacognostic and physicochemical characterization to establish standard profiles for authentication of the plant which could be useful for further study on the plant. The chromatographic (TLC and HPLC) and phytochemical profiles were conducted along with the leaf microscopy and chemomicroscopy, using standard methods. The result established the chromatographic profile of the leaf extract. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. The chemomicroscopy revealed the presence of lignin, cellulose, tannin, starch and oil, while mucilage and protein were not seen. The total ash content and moisture content were 12.1 and 7.0%, respectively and were within WHO limits. Extracts of the plant showed high hygroscopic character. The result provides good information for the authentication and use of the plant in further research and development.   Key words: Maerua angolensis, pharmacognostic character; phytochemicals, chromatographic profile.

Production and characterization of liquid crystal/polyacrylonitrile nano-fibers by electrospinning method

Production and characterization of liquid crystal/polyacrylonitrile nano-fibers by electrospinning method

On characterizations of w-coherent rings II

In this paper, we obtain that a commutative ring R is w-coherent if and only if is w-flat for any absolutely pure w-module M and any injective (w-)module E, if and only if is w-flat for any injective w-module M and any injective (w-)module E. To do this, we introduce the class of all w-strictly -stationary modules over all injective modules and show that R is w-coherent if and only if any (finitely generated) ideal of R is w-strictly -stationary over Besides, we show that R is w-coherent if and only if any direct product of projective modules is w-flat if and only if any direct product of R is w-flat, which is a continuation of Theorem 2.14 (in Zhang, X. L., Wang, F. G., Qi, W. (2015). On characterizations of w-coherent rings. Commun. Algebra. 48(11):4681–4697).

[Therapeutic options in female stress urinary incontinence].

Stress urinary incontinence in female patients is characterised by loss of urine without the need to urinate. Causes are manifold and require a good knowledge of the pelvic floor structures and the functionality of the bladder's occlusion system. Before any treatment can be initiated, differentiated diagnostic investigation must uncover the causes in order to be able to show incontinent women the ideal therapeutic options. In addition to conservative treatment strategies, there are several surgical alternatives available that can be used depending on the functional and/or anatomical deficit. Surgical correction produces good results, although a minor rate of possible complications must be accepted.

Stress characterization of elastodynamics for a rotating cylinder

Stress characterization of elastodynamics for a rotating cylinder

Characterization of a distributed Joule‐Thomson effect cooler with pillars

Characterization of a distributed <scp>Joule‐Thomson</scp> effect cooler with pillars

A Characterization of von-Neumann Regular S-Acts

A Characterization of von-Neumann Regular S-Acts

Dosimetric characterization of a new two-dimensional diode detector array used for stereotactic radiosurgery quality assurance

Dosimetric characterization of a new two-dimensional diode detector array used for stereotactic radiosurgery quality assurance

Characterization of the Early Surface Films Dynamically Formed on Molten AZ91D and AM60B Alloys Under Different Atmospheres: A Comparative Study

Characterization of the Early Surface Films Dynamically Formed on Molten AZ91D and AM60B Alloys Under Different Atmospheres: A Comparative Study

Caracterización del comportamiento térmico para MOSFETs y BJTs en zonas clasificadas de riesgo

Este artículo muestra una aproximación polinomial numérica al tema de cómo los transistores de unión bipolar (BJT) y los transistores de efecto de campo (FET) pueden resultar seguros o inseguros cuando funcionan en atmósferas explosivas. Se han analizado termográficamente los transistores más utilizados, trabajando en un entorno controlado, para caracterizar su comportamiento térmico. El objetivo es evitar que el transistor propicie condiciones que logran la energía mínima de activación de vapores, polvos o fibras volátiles combustibles. Hemos llevado los transistores a sus valores nominales, especificados por corrientes y voltajes de trabajo, y confirmamos que el efecto de la disipación de calor en un transistor BJT es no lineal y mucho mayor que en un transistor tipo MOSFET. Hemos encontrado experimentalmente una diferencia térmica de más de 200°C de sobrecalentamiento de un BJT común en comparación con un MOSFET con carga similar en polarización fija. Logramos medir temperaturas superiores a los 300ºC en BJTs que operan dentro de sus rangos y condiciones nominales, cuando se supone que la temperatura “segura” aceptada no debe superar 200ºC en ningún caso. Por medio de un análisis de desempeño enfocado en la temperatura, nuestro estudio sugiere que no se deben implementar equipos con tecnologías BJT en ciertas áreas de lugares clasificados o zonas explosivas; por lo que son preferibles las tecnologías MOSFET.

CAMP export by the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe produces a cAMP signal in response to glucose detection. Previous characterization of this signaling focused on intracellular levels of cAMP. Here, we find that the cAMP is secreted into the medium almost immediately. This is not due to PKA activation as might have been expected. In addition, a strain that is highly deficient in drug efflux shows only a modest reduction in the secretion of cAMP to the growth medium. These observations reveal a previously unappreciated aspect of cAMP metabolism in an important model organism, leading to new questions regarding the mechanism and benefit of cAMP export in S. pombe.

Outage Performance Users Located Outside D2D Coverage Area in Downlink Cellular Network

To enhance the overall spectrum utilization of a crowded cellular network, Device-to-device ( D2D ) communication is proposed to employ the proximity between two devices. This framework considers performance of cellular user under impact of interference from D2D pair using stochastic characterization. The measurement results and analytical expression of outage probability show that the proposed frameworks improve the outage performance at high sing to noise ratio ( SNR ) at the base station . Results also interpret that the distances between nodes in D2D -assisted network make slightly impacts on performance of cellular user.