Characterization Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus roseus Extract: A Novel Approach

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus roseus Extract: A Novel Approach

Green and sustainable synthesis of the ZnONPs using leaf extract of Guazuma ulmifolia for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

AbstractThe main objectives of the current study were synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Guazuma ulmifolia (G. ulmifolia) plant and assessing its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet Visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ZnONPs exhibited a maximum peak at 342 nm in the UV–Vis spectrum, indicating their absorption properties. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups, such as OH and COOH which likely contributed to the stability of the nanoparticles. The XRD analysis confirmed the spherical structure of the nanoparticles as indicated by distinct diffraction peaks corresponding to the lattice planes of the ZnO standard. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Zn, C and O in the ZnONPs. SEM analysis provided insights into the nanoparticles size, shape and surface morphology, showing an average size between 19 and 41 nm. Furthermore, the synthesized ZnONPs demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities against various bacteria and Candida species. This study highlights the promising potential of ZnONPs in diverse fields, including biomedicine, due to their low toxicity, economic viability and beneficial properties. It is crucial to conduct further in vivo investigations in order to determine the safety, effectiveness and compatibility of G. ulmifolia ZnONPs.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Anchored Carbon as Hybrid Adsorbent Materials for Effective Heavy Metals Uptake from Wastewater

Hybrid material-derived adsorbents have shown a great applicable efficiency in various fields, including industrial uses and environmental remediation. Herein, zinc oxide nanoparticle modified with carbon (ZnO-C) was fabricated and utilized for wastewater treatment through the adsorption of Zn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Mn(II). The surface and structural characteristics were examined using TEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, EDS, and the BET surface area. Kinetics and equilibrium investigations were applied to optimize the adsorptive removal of Zn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) onto ZnO-C. The results indicated that the formation of ZnO-C in crystalline sphere-like granules with a nano-size between 16 and 68 nm together with carbon matrix. In addition, the spherical granules of zinc oxide were gathered to form clusters. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the ZnO-C surface was rich with OH groups and ZnO. The adsorption capacity 215, 213, 206, and 231 mg/g for Zn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Mn(II), respectively, at the optimal conditions pH between 5 and 6, a contact time of 180 min, and an adsorbent dose of 0.1 g/L. The adsorptive removal data modeling for the uptake of Zn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) onto ZnO-C showed agreement with the assumption of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm, suggesting a fast adsorption rate and a multilayered mechanism. The achieved adsorption capacity using the prepared ZnO-C was more effective compared to ZnO, carbon, Fe3O4, and Fe3O4-C. Real wastewater samples were applied, including valley water, industrial wastewater, and rain wastewater, and evaluated for the applicable uptake of Zn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) using ZnO-C and Fe3O4-C with effective removal efficiency.

Bioynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Passiflora foetida Linn leaves extract and their biological applications

Bioynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Passiflora foetida Linn leaves extract and their biological applications

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Utilizing Banana Peel Extract

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Utilizing Banana Peel Extract

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Using Numerous Plants: A Review

Nanotechnology deals with the production and usage of material with nanoscale dimension. The nanoscale dimension provides nanoparticles with a large surface area to volume ratio and thus very specific properties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) had been in recent studies due to its large bandwidth and high exaction binding energy and it has potential applications like antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, antiinflammatory, wound healing, antioxidant and optic properties. Due to the large rate of toxic chemicals and extreme environment employed in the physical and chemical production of these NPs, green methods employing the use of plants, fungus, bacteria and algae have been adopted. This review is a comprehensive study of the synthesis and characterization methods used for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs using different biological sources.

Analysis of structural, optical, mechanical properties and evaluation of radiation shielding effectiveness of strontium borate glasses doped with ZnO nanoparticles

This research meticulously explores the synthesis, structural, thermal and optical characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) infused strontium borate glasses (termed SZ glasses) and their applicability as radiation shielding. The glasses have been produced using the melt quenching process in the composition series of (60-x)B2O3: xZnO: 10SrO: 10Na2O: 10CaO: 10BaO, where x varied from 0 to 20 % mol. In order to dope ZnO into glasses, its structural and morphological characteristics were investigated after it was synthesized by solution combustion method. It was found that the inclusion of ZnO significantly impacted the glasses' density, molar volume, hardness, yield stress, and thermal stability. The optical properties of the produced glasses, such as transmittance, reflection, transparency, opacity and band gap energies, were examined and the effect of ZnO on the optical properties of the glasses was investigated. Crucially, the SZ glasses exhibited notable efficiency in shielding against gamma photons and fast neutrons. This is evidenced by the favourable change in the mass attenuation coefficients with increasing ZnO concentration. Parameters like the half-value layer, effective atomic number, and energy absorption buildup factors were calculated to gauge the radiation attenuation proficiency of the SZ glasses, demonstrating their potential utility in radiation protection. In conclusion, the developed SZ glasses display advantageous structural, thermal, and optical qualities, along with robust shielding capabilities against gamma photons and fast neutrons. This study contributes significant knowledge to the field of novel glass materials, paving the way for their application in various industrial and medical contexts requiring radiation shielding.

Corrigendum to “Synthesis and characterizations of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its ability to detect O2 and NH3 gases” [Results Chem. 6 (2023) 101064

Corrigendum to “Synthesis and characterizations of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its ability to detect O2 and NH3 gases” [Results Chem. 6 (2023) 101064

Bioinspired synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles and assessment of their cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are versatile and promising, with diverse applications in environmental remediation, nanomedicine, cancer treatment, and drug delivery. In this study, ZnO NPs were synthesized utilizing extracts derived from Acacia catechu, Artemisia vulgaris, and Cynodon dactylon. The synthesized ZnO NPs showed an Ultraviolet–visible spectrum at 370 nm, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the hexagonal wurtzite framework with the average crystallite size of 15.07 nm, 16.98 nm, and 18.97 nm for nanoparticles synthesized utilizing A. catechu, A. vulgaris, and C. dactylon respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated spherical surface morphology with average diameters of 18.5 nm, 17.82 nm, and 17.83 nm for ZnO NPs prepared from A. catechu, A. vulgaris, and C. dactylon, respectively. Furthermore, ZnO NPs tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Shigella sonnei demonstrated a zone of inhibition of 8 to 14 mm. The cell viability and cytotoxicity effects of ZnO NPs were studied on NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells treated with different concentrations (5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 50 μg/mL). The results showed biocompatibility of all samples, except with higher doses causing cell death. In conclusion, the ZnO NPs synthesized through plant-mediated technique showed promise for potential utilization in various biomedical applications in the future.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Citrus limetta Peels Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity Against Brown and Soft Rot Pathogens and Antioxidant Potential

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Citrus limetta Peels Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity Against Brown and Soft Rot Pathogens and Antioxidant Potential

Synthetization and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by X- Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transforms, Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Antibacterial Activity Test

Purpose: Nanomaterials with their derivable potentials offer wide obtain ability and have recently aroused much attention for biomedical applications. Nowadays, nanomaterials-based colorimetric sensing is a quickly emerging field of sensing applications. Nanomaterials are considered as the main component of colorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide to replace the natural enzyme-based sensors because of some associated intrinsic drawbacks. Considering the advantageous properties of ionic liquid (IL) for various applications, significant attention has been made to the use of ionic liquid stabilized metal NPs which may serve as a regulator to enhance the catalytic performance of the metal nanoparticles in the different IL reaction medium. 
 Methodology: The peroxidase-like activity of IL coated metal NPs (IL-MNPs) have been considered for the catalytic oxidation reaction of chromogenic substrate 3,3,5,5- tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2 at an estimated wavelength of 652 nm.
 Results: The synthesized metal nanoparticles (Ag) were produced using a chemical reduction method. Various characterization techniques like FTIR, UV-Visible spread Reflectance Spectroscopy [UV-VIS DRS], were employed, which verified the structure, nano-size and successful combination of metal dopant ion into the samples. The molecular structure of ionic liquid with varying cations was produced and confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The ionic liquid was coated on metal nanoparticles to enhance their conductivity. 
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Optimized reaction conditions like pH, temperature and catalyst dosage affect catalytic activity and color sensing properties. The coating of [Min] Ac on Ag achieved low detection limits and colorimetric detection of [Pyr] based Ag.

Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and analyzed for various properties. Analysis of the XRD spectra of the synthesized nanoparticles showed 46 % crystalline zincite and the average grain size was calculated to be around 39.63 nm, studies of the FTIR spectra measured over the range between 4000–500cm−1 proved the presence of Zn Obonding of the synthesized nanoparticles at 734.26 to 1473.71 cm1 .SEMimage of the synthesized nano particles showed the formation of agglomerated nanoparticles of different shapes whose size are within the nanometer range while, cyclic voltamo gram of the immobilized ZnO nanoparticles on GCE also showed significant increase in redox peak current when compared to the bare (unimmobilized) GCE. It can be concluded from the obtained results that ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully produced which can be used to improve the performance of electrochemical sensors. Keywords :- XRD analysis, FTIR studies, SEM image analysis, Cyclic voltammogram

Zea mays-mediated fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant properties

This study presents the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Zea mays leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the NPs, while SEM revealed their morphology and size distribution. EDX confirmed the elemental composition of the synthesized ZnO-NPs, and FTIR provided insights into the functional groups involved in NPs formation. The antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs was evaluated against a selected bacterial strain using the agar well diffusion method. The results demonstrated a zone of inhibition around the wells containing ZnO-NPs, indicating their potential antibacterial efficacy. The antioxidant activity of ZnO-NPs was assessed by their ability to scavenge ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) free radicals. It was found that the scavenging activity got increased with the concentration of ZnO-NPs, indicating their potential as antioxidants.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Eucalyptus Lanceolata Leaf Litter in the Control of Bacterial and Fungal Crop Diseases

Nanotechnology is a significant area of scientific inquiry that has garnered considerable attention from scholars in the contemporary period. Various plant materials are being explored as potential resources in green chemistry-based techniques for producing metal Nanoparticles (NPs). This is in response to the adverse impacts of synthetic chemicals, which contribute to significant abiotic climate change concerns in modern agriculture. The primary categories of crop diseases are those resulting from bacterial and fungal infestations. Once a plant becomes infected, it can pose a significant danger to the growth of crops, resulting in a decrease in yield and quality. Furthermore, such infections can adversely affect food safety, creating a health concern for humans. This work aimed to investigate the process of Green Synthesis and Characterisation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (GSC-ZnO-NP) utilizing an extract derived from Eucalyptus lanceolatus (specifically, leaf litter). The paper intended to control bacterial and fungal crop diseases using the GSC-ZnO-NP in conjunction with Eucalyptus lanceolatus extracts. The sample's crystalline structure and surface characteristics have been evaluated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of the proposed GSC-ZnO-NP was evaluated against bacterial and fungal isolates from infected crops. The progressive augmentation in magnitude ranging from 10° to 30° in XRD signifies the emergence of ZnO-NPs characterized by distinct and well-defined crystalline configurations. Also, the antimicrobial efficacy of the Zn-NPs extract was comparable to or surpassed that of Fluconazole, suggesting the prospective use of this environmentally-friendly manufactured nanomaterial as a substitute or adjunct therapy for bacterial and fungal infections caused by these microorganisms in crops.

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from pumpkin seeds.

This study aimed to investigate the characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) produced from Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin seeds) and their selective cytotoxic effectiveness on human colon cancer cells (HCT 116) and African Green Monkey Kidney, Vero cells. The study also investigated the antioxidant activity of ZnONPs. The study also examined ZnONPs' antioxidant properties. This was motivated by the limited research on the comparative cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on normal and HCT116 cells. The ZnO NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscope/Selected Area Electron Diffraction (TEM/SAED), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) for determination of chemical fingerprinting, heat stability, size, and morphology of the elements, respectively. Based on the results, ZnO NPs from pumpkins were found to be less than 5 μm and agglomerates in nature. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs fingerprinting and SEM-EDX element analysis were similar to previous literature, suggesting the sample was proven as ZnO NPs. The ZnO NPs also stable at a temperature of 380°C indicating that the green material is quite robust at 60-400°C. The cell viability of Vero cells and HCT 116 cell line were measured at two different time points (24 and 48 h) to assess the cytotoxicity effects of ZnO NP on these cells using AlamarBlue assay. Cytotoxic results have shown that ZnO NPs did not inhibit Vero cells but were slightly toxic to cancer cells, with a dose-response curve IC50 = ~409.7 μg/mL. This green synthesis of ZnO NPs was found to be non-toxic to normal cells but has a slight cytotoxicity effect on HCT 116 cells. A theoretical study used molecular docking to investigate nanoparticle interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), exploring its mechanism in inhibiting CDK2's role in cancer. Further study should be carried out to determine suitable concentrations for cytotoxicity studies. Additionally, DPPH has a significant antioxidant capacity, with an IC50 of 142.857 μg/mL. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Pumpkin seed extracts facilitated a rapid, high-yielding, and environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to investigate the optical properties, scalability, size, shape, dispersity, and stability of ZnO NPs. The cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on Vero and HCT 116 cells was assessed, showing no inhibition of Vero cells and cytotoxicity of cancer cells. The DPPH assay was also used to investigate the antioxidant potential of biogenic nanoparticles. A molecular docking study was performed to investigate the interaction of ZnO NPs with CDK2 and to explore the mechanism by which they inhibit CDK2's role in cancer.

Fabrication and Physiochemical Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles via Citric Assisted Auto Combustion Synthesis

Background:: There are various synthetic routes to synthesize the ZnO particle. However, none of the routes is best suited for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, ZnO nanoparticles have potential industrial applications. Aims:: In this research article, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by auto combustion route using the low-cost reagents zinc nitrate hexahydrate and citric acid as a precursor at 90-120° C. Objective:: Herein, we have synthesized ZnO nanoparticles via auto combustion route using the low-cost reagents zinc nitrate hexahydrate and citric acid. The current route is very simple as well as energy-saving with the requirement of using low-cost precursor as compared to the traditional solid-state method and multi-step sol-gel route. Method:: Citric-assisted auto-combustion synthesis was employed to fabricate the ZnO nanoparticles. Result:: The formed precursor powder was calcinated at 500°C for 5 hours in an electrical furnace. It was found that these particles were in a single phase, and the crystallite size of the nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 10 to 15 nm. Conclusion:: We synthesized ZnO nanoparticles at a lower temperature via the citric acid-assisted combustion method. The thermal properties of ZnO nanoparticles were studied by TGA spectra, representing the total weight loss of around 47.71% and their thermal stability after 900 °C.

Green Fabrication and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Eucalyptus Leaves for Removing Acid Black 210 Dye from an Aqueous Medium

This study uses an environmentally friendly and low-cost synthesis method to manufacture zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by using zinc sulfate. Eucalyptus leaf extract is an effective chelating and capping agent for synthesizing ZnO NPs. The structure, morphology, thermal behavior, chemical composition, and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles were studied utilizing FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDAX, AFM, and Zeta potential analysis. The FE-SEM pictures confirmed that the ZnO NPs with a size range of (22-37) nm were crystalline and spherical. Two methods were used to prepare ZnO NPs. The first method involved calcining the resulting ZnO NPs, while the second method did not. The prepared ZnO NPs were used as adsorbents for removing acid black 210 dye (AB210) from simulated wastewater. The removal efficiency using calcinated and uncalcinated ZnO NPs was 57 % and 59 %, respectively.

Synthesis and characterizations of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its ability to detect O2 and NH3 gases

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesised using royal jelly. The prepared NPs were characterised through transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The size of the ZnONPs was 31.75 nm. The produced ZnONPs were evaluated as gas sensors for O2 and NH3 gases at various temperatures and time intervals. The highest sensitivity response to O2 (i.e. 11.1%) was recorded at 100 °C. The highest sensitivity response to NH3 (i.e. 12%) was observed at 25 °C. The sensor exhibited the shortest response and recovery times at different temperatures for O2 and NH3 gases, respectively. At 100 °C, the response time for O2 gas was 18 s, and the recovery time was 23 s. For NH3 gas, the response time was 25 s at 100 °C, and the recovery time was 22 s at 25 °C. These findings demonstrate the unique response and recovery features of the sensor.

Surface Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized via Chemical Route

Introduction: Zinc oxide nanoparticles belong to the new age of nanomaterials; they are being used tremendously for the advancements of biomedicine and modern therapeutic interventions. Purpose: The current antimicrobial treatment methods fail on various levels. Thus, the recent study is dedicated to synthesizing stable zinc oxide nanoparticles. Therefore, the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles as an alternative treatment option is explored. Methods: In the current research, fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles is carried out via the wet chemical method. To further confirm the purity and stability of the synthesized material, characterization was performed via zeta potential analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Result: SEM and TEM revealed the spherical structure of zinc oxide nanoparticles, also having slight agglomeration at a few points. The thermal stability was tested via thermogravimetric analysis and differential Scanning Calorimetry depicting the strength of the nanomaterial at a very high temperature. Elemental composition was evaluated using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy showing 96.01% zinc and 3.99% oxygen, demonstrating the purity of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. It confirms that no other elements are present apart from zinc and oxygen. Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a wet chemical method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide. This fabrication procedure is reliable, cheap, and yields the most stable byproducts. Characterization was carried out via several analytical techniques to check the authenticity of the synthesized nanomaterial, thus revealing that the obtained ZnO nanoparticles could be used in medical interventions as a safe option.

A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles extracted from sunscreens and wastewaters

The widespread popularity of sunscreens contributes significantly to the release of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles into bodies of water, yet there is still lack of sufficient understanding on the realistic behaviour and long-term exposure. In this study, a simple and effective method was used to extract ZnO nanoparticles from ZnO-based sunscreen products (available in Australia) that end up in wastewaters. The extracted ZnO nanoparticles were negative charged at controlled pH 7. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed an irregular, spherical and rod-shaped nanoparticles extracted from sunscreens and wastewaters with size ≥100 nm. Various nanoparticles containingZnO, iron, silver, and titanium were detected in wastewater samples collected from treatment plants. Other contaminants were also found in the wastewater samples based on TEM elemental analysis. The results documented in this study are useful to understand the presence and characterizations of ZnO nanoparticles in sunscreens and wastewaters. With this knowledge, we can realistically investigate the fate, behaviours and adverse effects of ZnO nanoparticles.