Characterization Of Sulfated Polysaccharides Research Articles

Incorporating Kappa-carrageenan in Liposomes Facilitates Development of Lipopolysaccharide Hybrid Nanoplatform

Sulfated polysaccharides (kappa-carrageenan) integration in lipids provides diverse structural and physicochemical properties in nanotechnology. Such a lipopolysaccharide hybrid (LPHS) system offers superior applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of sulfated polysaccharide (kappa-carrageenan: κ-CG) integrated smart liposomes (cubosomes) for establishing cubic tendency in the LPHS system. The κ-CG integrated smart liposomes were prepared using the modified thin film hydration approach. Characterization studies (liposomes and smart liposomes) were performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DLS studies confirmed the nano-range of both delivery systems. The SEM and TEM investigation revealed the formation of classical cubic morphology of the smart liposomes. Sulfated polysaccharide (κ-CG) integrated smart liposomes exhibited an enhanced κ-CG release profile compared to the liposome-free κ-CG alone. This was due to improved entrapment efficiency (68%) and better overall stability established by the κ-CG incorporation.

Isolation and structural characterization of sulfated polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis and its bioactive potential: In vitro antioxidant, antibacterial activity and Zebrafish growth and reproductive performance

In this study, the sulfated polysaccharide (SPs) was isolated from Spirulina platensis. The isolated SPs contains carbohydrate, sulfate, protein and uronic acid at 38.7 ± 0.30%, 21.3 ± 0.87%, 7.1 ± 0.15% and 7.9 ± 0.4% respectively. The elemental analysis confirmed the presence of carbon (18.01 ± 0.10%), hydrogen (1.83 ± 0.02%) and nitrogen (3.43 ± 0.01%). The monosaccharide composition and molecular weight of SPs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography respectively. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed the existence of glucose, rhamnose, xylose, fucose, mannose, galactose and the molecular weight of SPs was 1016 kDa. Further, the characterization of SPs was done by UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis. The obtained SPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity in DPPH (76.45 ± 0.49%), reducing power (absorbance: 1.3 ± 0.02), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (66.3 ± 1.16%), hydroxyl scavenging (68.6 ± 3.2%), nitric oxide (81.36 ± 1.85%) and total antioxidant (absorbance:1.66 ± 0.02) activities at 5 mg/ml. In addition, SPs revealed the highest antibacterial efficacy against the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio vulnificus in disc diffusion, agar bioassay and protein leakage assays at 100 μg/ml. Furthermore, the supplementation of 2% SPs through a feed to the Danio rerio fish enhances the growth and reproductive performances. This finding confirmed that the isolated SPs from S. platensis possess pharmaceutical as well as nutritional properties.

Characterization of sulfated polysaccharide from Laurencia obtusa and its apoptotic, gastroprotective and antioxidant activities

This study was designed to characterize the physico-chemical properties of the sulfated polysaccharide (SP) isolated from the red alga Laurencia obtusa and to evaluate its apoptotic, gastroprotective and antioxidant activities.The different macromolecular characteristics of SP were determined by size exclusion chromatography combined with multi-angle laser light-scattering detection (SEC-MALLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR). The native molecular weight of the extracted polysaccharide is high (≥336,900 g·mol−1). It showed high amounts of sulfated groups (28.2%) and low levels of proteins. It was found to be a potent inducer of apoptosis on acute monocytic leukaemia THP-1cell lines with EC50 value of 53 μg·mL−1. Furthermore, a significant gastroprotective effect (p < 0.01) was also observed with a gastric ulcer inhibition of 63.44%, 78.42% and 82.15% at the doses 25, 50 and 100 mg·kg−1, respectively. In addition, SP significantly increased glutathione levels (GSH) and decreased the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in EtOH/HCl-damaged gastric mucosa in rats; it also exhibited an important antioxidant activity in vitro. Therefore, SP, derived from the red alga Laurencia obtusa, may have a potential therapeutic effect against acute myeloid leukaemia and a beneficial potential as gastroprotective and antioxidant natural product.

Microelements induce changes in characterization of sulfated polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea

Microelements play pivotal roles for fungal/plant development and end-use properties. In this study, we examined the production and characterization of valuable sulfated polysaccharides (SPSs) with biological benefits from Antrodia cinnamomea and fine-tuning of mycelial culture conditions. Using various sulfated salts (e.g. CuSO4, FeSO4 and ZnSO4) to feed A. cinnamomea, we found that CuSO4 and ZnSO4 increased 25% and 20% of mycelium yields, respectively. We further isolated the SPSs from CuSO4, FeSO4 and ZnSO4-feeding of A. cinnamomea (called CuFSPS, FeFSPS and ZnFSPS, respectively) and found that CuSO4 and ZnSO4 significantly promoted SPS production. By contrast, FeSO4 did not change the yields of mycelium and SPS from A. cinnamomea. Characteristic studies have revealed that these sulfated salts did not significantly induce change in the sulfation and the sugar contents of SPS. However, the galactose and glucose contents in ZnFSPS were increased to the value of 249 and 1038 μmol/g, respectively. In addition, in regard to area percentages, while the major SPSs species were low-molecular-weight SPSs (<23 kDa), the sulfated salts increased the area percentages of molecular size in the range of 200–500 kDa. Anticancer function studies showed that those SPSs inhibit the cell viability 35–45% at 800 μg/ml of lung cancer A549 cells via downregulation of EGFR signaling. Our study is the first to identify the efficacy of microelements in the enhancement of mycelia yield and SPS, in which CuSO4 and ZnSO4 enhanced mycelia growth and increased the production of SPS. Our finding suggests that ZnSO4 may play roles in regulating the SPS assembling. Moreover, those SPSs derived from feeding A. cinnamomea with microelements may be useful as a potential agent for inhibition of lung cancer viability.

In vitro antioxidant properties of sulfated polysaccharide from brown marine algae Sargassum tenerrimum

ObjectiveIn the present study the physico chemical characteristics, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reducing power and the free radical scavenging potentials (DPPH radical, ABTS, H2O2 radical) of sulfated polysaccharide from marine brown algae Sargassum tenerrimum was investigated. MethodsThe Sargassum tenerrimum seaweed, which have wide pharmaceutical application, were collected from the coastal region of Mandapam (Lat 09° 17′N, Long 79° 07′E), Tamil Nadu, India and evaluated for In vitro antioxidant properties. ResultsThe extract showed higher percentage of carbohydrate (8.20±1.23%) followed by sulphate (6.6±1.42%) and protein (0.86±0.42%). The free radical scavenging potential was found to be higher in ABTS (70.33±2.33%) followed by DPPH (64.66±2.08%) and H2O2 (61.56±2.05%). the TAC was found to be 62.55± 1.40%. The characterization of sulfated polysaccharide by FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and sulfate groups. The structure of mobility was assed by agarose gel electrophoresis which showed highest mobility at higher pH values especially in buffer carbonate -bicarbonate (pH 10). The molecular weight of the sulfated polysaccharide was determined by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which was found to be 40 kDa. Finally, GC-MS analysis of sulfated polysaccharide from S. tenerrimum exhibited peaks corresponding to Benzenamine (31.67%) and Aminocarb (21.45%). The overall results have established that the sulfated polysaccharide from S. tenerrimum could be used as a promising antioxidant agent. ConclusionPhysico-chemical analysis and elemental analysis of crude seaweed polysaccharide from Sargassum tenerrimum a brown algae elicited the antioxidant activity.

Isolation and characterization of sulfated polysaccharide from the Sargassum pallidum (Turn.) C. Ag. and its sedative/hypnotic activity

Sulfated polysaccharide from the Sargassum pallidum (Turn.) C. Ag. was isolated, purified and structurally characterized. The 13C-NMR and IR indicated a characteristic sulfated polysaccharide with 16.4% of sulfate group. The isolated polysaccharide with the molecular range of 10~48 KDa was constituted by xylose (35.92%), mannose (21.86%), arabinose (15.26%), galactose (13.49%), glucose (9.60%) and others (3.88%). The animal experiment results suggested its potential sedative and hypnotic potential activity. Key words: Sargassum pallidum (Turn.) C. Ag, polysaccharide, sedative, hypnotic.