Characterization Of Phenolic Profile Research Articles

Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr. MANTARININ HPLC-DAD ANALİZİ, ANTİOKSİDAN, ANTİKOLİNESTERAZ VE ANTİDİYABETİK AKTİVİTELERİ

Polyporus species is a valuable species of the Polyporaceae family with defined bioactive properties among medicinal mushrooms. This study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activities of Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr. with characterization of phenolic profile by HPLC-DAD. Fumaric acid (190.07±0.08 µg/g), catechin hydrate (46.96±0.02 µg/g), ferulic acid (21.98±0.03 µg/g), trans-cinnamic acid (16.66±0.02 µg/g), and protocatechuic acid (13.29±0.06 µg/g) were detected as the most abundant compounds in P. squamosus by HPLC-DAD. P. squamosus methanol extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the hexane extract in β-carotene linoleic acid (IC50: 73.75±0.28 µg/mL), DPPH• scavenging (7.56±0.00% inhibition at 400 µg/mL), ABTS•+ scavenging (IC50: 154.30±0.55 µg/mL), and metal chelating (35.61±1.20% inhibition at 400 µg/mL) assays. P. squamosus hexane extract was determined as the stronger inhibitor than the methanol extract against all enzymes with inhibition values of 39.48±0.45% on AChE at 200 µg/mL, 28.02±1.34% on BChE at 200 µg/mL, 96.70±0.80% on α-amylase at 1000 µg/mL, and 39.93±0.52% on α-glucosidase at 500 µg/mL. The present study highlighted the importance of P. squamosus as a promising source of valuable therapeutic compounds that could be considered as an alternatives to synthetic drugs.

Characterization of Phenolic Profile in Milk Obtained by Ewes Fed Grape Pomace: Reflection on Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status.

The aim of the present work was to evaluate if the use of grape pomace (GP) in the feeding of dairy ewes can improve the content of phenolic compounds (PCs) in the milk and affect the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative status of the milk. For this purpose, 46 ewes were randomly assigned to two groups of 23 animals each: a control group (Ctrl) that received a standard diet and an experimental group (GP+), whose diet was been formulated with 10% GP on a dry matter (DM) basis. At the end of the 60 days of the trial, from 10 ewes selected randomly from each group, individual milk samples were collected and analyzed for the identification and the quantification of phenolic compounds through an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography system, and milk anti-inflammatory and antioxidative status were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, determining the activity of GPx and CAT and the levels of IL-1 and TNFα. In addition, gelatinolytic activity of Type IV collagenases (MMP-2/MMP-9) was evaluated by the fluorometric method and zymographic approach. The results obtained showed that the diet with GP affects the phenolic profile of milk, inducing milk enrichment of phenolic compounds without, however, having a significant impact on milk antioxidant and inflammatory status. However, a lower activity of MMP-9 was found in GP+ milk. The use of the molecular docking approach showed the ability of luteolin to approach the catalytic pocket of the enzyme, interfering with the recruitment of the substrate, and therefore, slowing down their hydrolytic activity.

Valorization of wine industry by-products: Characterization of phenolic profile and investigation of potential healthy properties

Valorization of wine industry by-products: Characterization of phenolic profile and investigation of potential healthy properties

Characterization of phenolic profile in dried grape skin of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Blanc with UHPLC-MS/MS and its development during ripening

Comprehensive phenolic composition of dried grape skin from cv. Pinot Blanc and its development during ripening is reported, with particular emphasis on flavonol glycosides profile. Extraction procedure and reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method were optimized and validated for the determination of 39 phenolic compounds belonging to different groups (flavonols, dihydroflavonols, benzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols). Beside selected reaction monitoring (SRM) for analytes available as standards, flavonols and dihydroflavonols profile was furtherly explored performing precursor ion scan (PIS) with neutral loss (NL) for unavailable compounds. Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside occurred as major flavonol component, and rutinosides for kaempferol- and isorhamnetin- structures were also quantitable. Presence of different myricetin derivatives was unveiled, with myricetin-3-O-glucoside being quantifiable at all ripening time points. Besides high levels of astilbin, dihydroquercetins profile resulted highly complex. Moreover, ratio between caftaric and coutaric acid and between isomers of coutaric acid at harvest was uncommon if compared to other white cultivars.

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of turkish propolis and characterization of phenolic profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity

This study aimed to determine optimum conditions of the ultrasound assited extraction (UAS) parameters for different solvent types by using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box- Behnken design. The model parameters namely, time, temperature and ultrasound power significantly affected TPC value of the propolis extract (P < 0.05). The optimum process parameters were determined as 2.95 min, 58.61 °C and 615.26 W for ethanol, 3 min, 60°C and 580 W for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 3 min, 59 °C and 591 W for Propylene glycol (PG) and 2.70 min, 59.19 °C and 591.73 W for distilled water (DW). The extracts obtained from optimum conditions were compared with conventional solvent extraction methods (CSE). The chrysin was determined as a major phenolic compound and its value significantly differed based on the extraction and solvent types (P < 0.05). This study suggested that the ethanolic extracts obtained from UAS could be used as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant source.

Characterization of phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the leaves of the forgotten medicinal plant Balsamita major grown in Tuscany, Italy, during the growth cycle

Balsamita major (Asteraceae), known as costmary, is a medicinal plant rich of ethnobotanical interest in particular in Europe and Middle East, known and used since Greek and Roman times. The aim of the present study was to characterize the phenolic pattern of B. major leaves cultivated in Italy, and to measure the overall anti-radical (DPPH) and antioxidant activity (ORAC) during the growth cycle of the plant. Total polyphenols and total hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were abundant in the leaves collected at all the growth stages, only decreasing in the flowering stage; flavonoids reached the highest content in the very early growth stage. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid resulted to be the main phenolic constituents in all the extracts; their concentrations were highest at the late and early growth stages, respectively. Glycosilated flavonoids were found to be the abundant in all the extracts and quercetin resulted the main flavonoid aglycone, with the highest content in the very early growth stage. Both DPPH and ORAC tests registered good antiradical and antioxidant properties for all the extracts. Thus, B. major is worthy of further investigation, being an interesting source of antioxidant compounds, for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic purposes.

Characterization of phenolic profile by LC-ESI-MS/MS and enzyme inhibitory activities of two wild edible garlic: Allium nigrum L. and Allium subhirsutum L.

In our study, Allium nigrum L. and Allium subhirsutum L. were investigated in terms of phenolic profile, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and tyrosinase inhibitory potentials. The colorimetric analysis revealed that the highest levels of total phenol (45.6, 15.8mg GAE/g extract, respectively) and total flavonoid contents (8.2, 5.7mg QE/g extract, respectively) were found in the bulbs of both plants. About 30 compounds were determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS with validated method and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (2,188.4μg/g extract) and p-coumaric acid (1,700.8μg/g extract) were major phenolic acids. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (998.3µg/g extract) and genistein (159.3μg/g extract) which are neuroprotective compounds were the predominant flavonoids for A. nigrum and A. subhirsutum, respectively. Enzyme inhibitory activities of samples were performed by spectrophotometrically with 96-well microplate reader. All samples showed anti-AChE, anti-BuChE, and anti-tyrosinase activities and the aerial part of A. nigrum was the most potent (IC50 6.1, 3.27, 22.31µg/ml, respectively). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Many Allium species, especially those cultivated, are consumed in different countries as food in different ways. In the literature, studies on these species have generally focused on organosulfur compounds of the species. In our present study, phenolic compounds having a wide range of biological activities were determined in different parts of the two Allium species consumed as food. We also investigated in vitro cholinesterases and tyrosinase inhibition activities of these species. A correlation was observed between phenolic compounds and enzyme inhibition activities. These results were further explored and confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA revealed that samples were discriminated from each other according to phenolic compounds and enzyme inhibitory potencies. Conclusively, this study determines that the chemical profiles and biological activities of A. nigrum and A. subhirsutum.

Identification of Resveratrol as Bioactive Compound of Propolis from Western Romania and Characterization of Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extracts.

The present study aimed to assess the phenolic content of eight ethanolic propolis samples (P1–P8) harvested from different regions of Western Romania and their antioxidant activity. The mean value of total phenolic content was 214 ± 48 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g propolis. All extracts contained kaempferol (514.02 ± 114.80 μg/mL), quercetin (124.64 ± 95.86 μg/mL), rosmarinic acid (58.03 ± 20.08 μg/mL), and resveratrol (48.59 ± 59.52 μg/mL) assessed by LC-MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2 methods: (i) DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant and (ii) FOX (Ferrous iron xylenol orange OXidation) assay using catalase as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined for all samples applied in 6 concentrations (10, 5, 3, 1.5, 0.5 and 0.3 mg/mL). IC50 varied from 0.0700 to 0.9320 mg/mL (IC50 of ascorbic acid = 0.0757 mg/mL). The % of H2O2 inhibition in FOX assay was assessed for P1, P2, P3, P4 and P8 applied in 2 concentrations (5 and 0.5 mg/mL). A significant H2O2% inhibition was obtained for these samples for the lowest concentration. We firstly report the presence of resveratrol as bioactive compound in Western Romanian propolis. The principal component analysis revealed clustering of the propolis samples according to the polyphenolic profile similarity.

Characterization of Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Some Algerian Olive Oils Cultivars

Characterization of Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Some Algerian Olive Oils Cultivars

Characterization and evaluation of phenolic profiles and color as potential discriminating features among Spanish extra virgin olive oils with protected designation of origin

Changes in phenolic profiles and color parameters can help to differentiate between extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) with protected designation of origin (PDO). Phenolic profile characterization and CIELAB parameters determination of 9 PDO EVOOs from Spain were developed. Both properties of EVOOs are very relevant to their commercialization and increase the product value. The Serrana de Espadán olive cultivar was characterized for the first time and showed the highest pinoresinol concentrations and clarities in these olive oils, which are important values for the product image. To detect fraudulent instrumental work and implement quality control, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were performed. EVOO geographical origin and cultivar distributions were achieved with cumulative variances of 93.4% and 92.4%, respectively. A categorization of PDO EVOOs was proposed using the following 7 phenolic compounds: phenolic alcohols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, 3,4-DHPEA-EA, p-HPEA-EDA, pinoresinol and total phenolic compounds.

Antioxidant properties and phenolic profile characterization by LC-MS/MS of selected Tunisian pomegranate peels.

Antioxidant contents and activities of different extracts from four Tunisian pomegranate peels, locally called "Acide", "Gabsi", "Nebli" and "Tounsi", were studied. Peels samples were extracted with three solvents (water, ethanol and acetone). For each extract, the total phenol contents and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The highest values of polyphenol, tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanins were recorded in the acetone extract of Acide ecotype with 304.6mg gallic acid equivalent/g; 292.23mg gallic acid equivalent/g; 15.46mg Quercetin/gand 54.51mg cy-3-glu/100g, respectively. The acetone extract of Acide ecotype also showed the highest free radical-scavenging and reducing power activity compared to other extracts. Besides, the phytochemical analysis by LC-MS/MS revealed a high content of ellagitannins with punicalagin and punicalagin derivatives as the major compounds that might be responsible for promising antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel extracts. Two compounds (Castalagin derivative and Galloyl-bis-HHDP-hex derivative) were detected only in "Acide" ecotype in important contents.

Characterization of phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of different fruit part from lemon (Citrus limon Burm.) cultivars.

Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of different fruit part including peel, pulp, juice, whole fruit and seed from five lemon cultivars (Feiminailao, Cuningmeng Limeng, Pangdelusaningmeng, Beijingningmeng) were investigated. Caffeic acid (9.31-741.4μg/g FW) and chlorogenic acid (2.7-527.5μg/g FW) were the dominant phenolic acid in fruit tested, Pangdelusaningmeng (PD) and Limeng peels with the highest contents, respectively. Hesperidin was the predominant flavanone (10.27-3315μg/g FW), Cuningmeng (CN) peels with the highest level. PD peels had rich rutin, CN seeds had rich eriocitrin. Nobiletin was the main polymethoxylated flavonoids identified, PD with the highest level. CN peels contained rich tangeretin. Overall, peels and whole fruit had significantly higher level of phenolics than other fruit parts, and seeds were good source of flavonoids. PD and CN not only contained higher level of phenolic, but also presented higher antioxidant capacity than other cultivars tested, and are of great value for human nutrition.

TLC Fingerprinting and Pattern Recognition Methods in the Assessment of Authenticity of Poplar-Type Propolis.

Propolis is a "natural" remedy with prominent biological activity, which is used as dietary supplement. In the absence of clinical studies that would substantiate these claims, information on the biological activity of propolis is valuable. This study comprises chromatographic, image processing and chemometric approach for phenolic profiling of Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian propolis test solutions. Modern thin-layer chromatography equipment in combination with software for image processing was applied for fingerprinting and data acquisition, whereas the principal component analysis was used as pattern recognition method. Characterization of phenolic profile was performed along with the determination of the botanical and geographical origin of propolis. High-performance thin-layer chromatograms reveal that Central and Southeastern European propolis samples are rich in flavonoids. In addition, phenolic compounds proved to be suitable markers for the determination of European propolis authenticity.