Characterization Of Phenolic Compounds Research Articles

Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) of Aqueous Extracts and Fractions from Verbesina sphaerocephala Stems.

The Verbesina gender represents the second most diverse group from the Asteraceae family in Mexico; Verbesina sphaerocephala is one of the most distributed species along the Mexican territory. This species has been poorly studied, reporting the presence of some bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial activity. In this study, phenolic and flavonoid contents and composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of aqueous extracts of the stem of V. sphaerocephala and its fractions were determined. The results showed that the highest antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was shown by the aqueous extract (IC50: 0.10 mg/mL) and the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50: 14.8 mg/mL). In addition, the aqueous extract and the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest phenolic (21.40 and 21.26 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry extract, respectively) and flavonoid contents (11.53 and 3.71 mg rutin equivalents, respectively) and high antioxidant activity determined by the Total Antioxidant Capacity (20.62 and 40.21 mg ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dry extract, respectively), Ferric Reducing Power (74.76 and 129.57 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry extract, respectively), DPPH (IC50: 12.38 and 7.36 mg/mL, respectively), and ABTS (IC50: 5.60 and 7.76 mg/mL, respectively) methods. Twelve phenolic compounds were detected in the aqueous extract using UPLC-MS analysis, of which the major ones were protocatechuic, vanillic, and hydroxybenzoic acid, while in the ethyl acetate fraction, the presence of 18 phenolic compounds were identified, of which the majority were vanillin, rutin, and hydroxybenzoic acid. The results of this research demonstrate that the aqueous extract of V. sphaerocephala stems has phenolic compounds with antifungal and antioxidant activity.

An emulsion extraction system composed of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent and water for synchronous extraction of oil and phenolic compounds from U.S. pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]

U.S. pecans nuts are rich in oils and phenolic compounds with important biological functions. At present, the reports about simultaneous extraction of oil and phenolic compounds are limited, and the traditional procedure is complicated and the yield is low. In this study, a new emulsion formed by hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) and water was used as extractant for synchronous extraction of oil and phenolic components from U.S. pecans, and subsequently the two were recovered from the upper and lower phases based on the incompatibility of DES and water, respectively. The oil and phenolic compounds obtained by the optimization of extraction conditions were 615.29 mg/g and 82.11 mg/g, respectively, which were higher than those obtained by conventional methods. At the same time, the extraction mechanism is discussed through the extraction kinetics and thermodynamics. The extraction process conformed to the Fick’s second law, and it was an endothermic process. After directional recovery by macroporous resin and back-extraction, the effectiveness of the method was proved by the analysis of fatty acid composition of oil, spectral characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities.

Characterization of phenolic compounds in watermeal (Wolffia globosa) through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS: assessment of bioactive compounds, in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities following different drying methods

Characterization of phenolic compounds in watermeal (Wolffia globosa) through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS: assessment of bioactive compounds, in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities following different drying methods

Comparative Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Introduced Plants and Callus Culture of Hedysarum alpinum L.

Comparative Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Introduced Plants and Callus Culture of Hedysarum alpinum L.

Phenolic Compounds Characterization of Caryocar brasiliense Peel with Potential Antioxidant Activity.

The pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit peel, despite being frequently discarded, has a high content of bioactive compounds, and therefore has a high nutritional value. The present study aimed to explore the bioactivities in the pequi peel, particularly their potential health benefits at the level of antioxidant activity. The exploitation of this fruit could also present significant economic benefits and applications of pequi by-products would represent a reduction in waste, having a positive impact on the environment. Phenolic compounds present in the pequi exocarp and external mesocarp were identified by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) and quantified by HPLC. The total phenolic content (TPC) along with the amount of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and the amount of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) were also determined in peel extracts. Epicatechin was the most abundant phenolic compound found, followed by the caffeic, salicylic, and gallic acids. In addition, fingerprinting revealed compounds related to several beneficial health effects. In short, the results obtained were encouraging for potential applications of pequi peel in the field of functional foods.

Extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds from mandarin peels using conventional and green techniques: a comparative study

The exploration of citrus waste valorization extends beyond its environmental benefits to encompass potential health implications, particularly in cancer prevention. The bioactive compounds extracted from citrus waste, notably polyphenols like quercetin, gallic acid, hesperidin, and ferulic acid, hold promising anti-cancer properties. Research suggests that these compounds exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which are integral in combating carcinogenesis. Quercetin, a flavonoid abundantly found in citrus extracts, has garnered attention for its ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, thereby impeding tumor growth. Gallic acid, another prevalent compound, demonstrates anticancer potential through its modulation of signaling pathways associated with cell survival and proliferation. Hesperidin, known for its antioxidative properties, has shown promise in suppressing tumor growth and metastasis by targeting various molecular pathways involved in cancer progression. Ferulic acid, renowned for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, exhibits chemopreventive effects by inhibiting carcinogen activation and promoting detoxification processes within the body. The present study compares conventional (soxhlet, maceration) and non-conventional (ultrasound, microwave) techniques to obtain these polyphenols from mandarin peels. The maximum total phenolic content of 3.78 mg GAE/ g dry peels and DPPH activity of 69.89% was observed using 80% methanol and ultrasound assisted extraction. The presence of these compounds was confirmed using advanced analytical methods such as FT-IR and HPLC. The phenolic compounds (mg/g dry peels) such as gallic acid (0.29 ± 1.08), p-coumaric acid (0.17 ± 0.52), chlorogenic acid (0.30 ± 0.56), ferulic acid (1.49 ± 1.36), hesperidin (1.34 ± 0.51), naringenin (0.56 ± 0.94), and quercetin (0.33 ± 1.02), observed during UAE were 25–35% higher values compared to other techniques. By harnessing the bioactive potential of citrus waste-derived compounds, particularly for cancer prevention, this study contributes to both environmental sustainability and human health enhancement, paving the way for innovative strategies in functional food development and nutraceutical applications.

Extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds from Commiphora gileadensis bark using ultrasonic-assisted extraction

Developing nations across the globe place significant importance on ensuring the complete protection, efficacy, and quality of herbal products and medicinal plants. Among these beneficial plants, Commiphora gileadensis stands out due to its diverse array of biological activities. The bark of this plant species offers numerous therapeutic advantages, including its potential for treating wounds, inflammatory conditions, and bacterial infections. To explore the process of extraction of biologically active components, this study employed ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) on ethanolic extracts of C. gileadensis bark. Various variables of UAE process, such as ultrasonic frequency, extraction time, sample-to-solvent ratio, and ethanol concentration, were carefully investigated via the ‘’One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT)’’ method to understand their individual impacts on the extraction process. The obtained extracts underwent further analysis to identify the presence of different phytochemicals, employing techniques such as ‘’Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)’’. The experimental results demonstrated that the UAE process yielded promising outcomes, with the maximum extraction yields, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) of the ethanolic extract from C. gileadensis bark reaching 37.60 ± 0.31 %, 149.75 ± 3.23 mg GAE/g d.w., and 44.84 ± 3.02 mg QE/g d.w., respectively. Additionally, this study successfully identified a total of 30 phenolic compounds present in the C. gileadensis bark extract for the first time, highlighting the efficacy of UAE as a suitable method for efficiently extracting various groups of phytochemicals from the bark of C. gileadensis.

LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS characterization of phenolic compounds from Victorian shorebound red seaweeds and their antioxidant capacity

Seaweeds are considered a promising source of phytochemical compounds, including polyphenols. The Australian shoreline hosts a diverse array of seaweeds; however, the phenolic profile and the antioxidant potential of most species remain unclear, necessitating further exploration. To this end, ten red seaweeds were collected, identified using molecular testing, and their phenolic compounds were extracted using acidified ethanol and subjected to ten in vitro assays. The Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI) was calculated for each sample to compare the overall results. The results indicated that Phacelocarpus peperocarpos exhibited the highest overall phenolic and antioxidant potential, followed by Callophyllis sp. and Rhodophyllis sp.. A total of 365 phenolic compounds were screened, comprising 85 phenolic acids, 164 flavonoids, and 118 other polyphenols. Correlation analysis displayed a positive correlation between phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and the identified phenolic compounds. Overall, this study sheds light on the polyphenol content and antioxidant potential of ten red seaweed species from Queenscliff, Victoria, through various in vitro assays and LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS characterization. The findings indicate that Australian red seaweeds are a promising source of polyphenols and exhibit considerable antioxidant properties, underscoring their potential in providing substantial health benefits and functional food products.

Phenolic Compound Characterization and Biological Activities of Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Ethanol Macerates Used in Herbal Spirit Production

Biska, a traditional Istrian herbal spirit, is produced by macerating mistletoe leaves and twigs in a water–ethanol base, usually grape marc spirit. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal mistletoe maceration parameters (ethanol content, concentration of plant material, and duration) for the production of biska, which have not yet been the subject of scientific research. The prepared mistletoe macerates and the collected biska samples were subjected to phenolic compound characterization, including total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and polyphenolic profile, by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS2). In addition, the macerates and the biska samples were analyzed for their biological properties: antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. The results showed that both the macerates and the biska samples contain phenolic compounds of mistletoe such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins, which contribute to the observed biological activities—significant antioxidant activity and antiproliferative effect. By applying the maceration parameters, which yielded the highest content of phenolic compounds as well as volatile aromatic compounds (40–80 g/L of mistletoe, 40–55% v/v ethanol, and 21 days’ maceration time), the production process can be improved to produce biska with better aromatic and biological properties.

LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Identification and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Leaves of Australian Myrtles and Their Antioxidant Activities.

Phenolic compounds, present in plants, provide substantial health advantages, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which enhance cardiovascular and cognitive well-being. Australia is enriched with a wide range of plants with phytopharmacological potential, which needs to be fully elucidated. In this context, we analyzed leaves of aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum), lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), and cinnamon myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia) for their complex phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential. LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS was applied for screening and characterizing these Australian myrtles' phenolic compounds and the structure-function relation of phenolic compounds. This study identified 145 and quantified/semi-quantified 27 phenolic compounds in these Australian myrtles. Furthermore, phenolic contents (total phenolic content (TPC), total condensed tannins (TCT), and total flavonoids (TFC)) and antioxidant potential of phenolic extracts from the leaves of Australian myrtles were quantified. Aniseed myrtle was quantified with the highest TPC (52.49 ± 3.55 mg GAE/g) and total antioxidant potential than other selected myrtles. Catechin, epicatechin, isovitexin, cinnamic acid, and quercetin were quantified as Australian myrtles' most abundant phenolic compounds. Moreover, chemometric analysis further validated the results. This study provides a new insight into the novel potent bioactive phenolic compounds from Australian myrtles that could be potentially useful for functional, nutraceutical, and therapeutic applications.

Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Granada (Spain) and Evaluation of Its Neuroprotective Action.

The olive oil sector is a fundamental food in the Mediterranean diet. It has been demonstrated that the consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with a high content of phenolic compounds is beneficial in the prevention and/or treatment of many diseases. The main objective of this work was to study the relationship between the content of phenolic compounds and the in vitro neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of EVOOs from two PDOs in the province of Granada. To this purpose, the amounts of phenolic compounds were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric assays. The main families identified were phenolic alcohols, secoiridoids, lignans, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The EVOO samples with the highest total concentration of compounds and the highest inhibitory activity belonged to the Picual and Manzanillo varieties. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between identified compounds and AChE and COX-2 inhibitory activity, except for lignans. These results confirm EVOO's compounds possess neuroprotective potential.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Hydroethanolic Extract from Dacryodes kukachkana Leaves in Mice: Role of Macrophage Nitric Oxide

Aims: This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the effect of the hydroethanolic extract from D. kukachkana leaves (HEDkL) in mice models of acute inflammation and in isolated macrophages stimulated with carrageenan, along with possible adverse effects in the central nervous system. Study Design: After characterization of phenolic constituents, HEDkL was injected in the animals 60 min before the administration of inflammatory stimulis. The anti-inflammatory effect of HEDkL was evaluated in the models of paw edema, peritonitis and air pouch and in peritoneal macrophages stimulated with carrageenan in vitro. The per se effect of HEDkL was evaluated for behavioral alterations. Place and Duration of Study: Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Animal Health Research Center, State University of Ceara; Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Acre; between March 2021 and March 2023. Methodology: The characterization of phenolic compounds was performed by HPLC-DAD. Swiss mice (25 - 35 g) received HEDkL (25 - 200 mg/kg; per oral) 60 min before carrageenan. Macrophages were incubated with HEDkL (100 - 200 µg/mL) before being stimulated. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed for edema, hypernociception, vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltrate, oxidative stress and inflammatory. Behavioral alterations (exploratory, anxiolytic, depressant activities) were evaluated in the animals treated with HEDkL (50 mg/kg). Results: The HPLC-DAD revealed the presence of ellagic acid, epicatechin and gallic acid. In the paw edema model, HEDkL (50 mg/kg) inhibited the edema late phase (2 - 5h) by 45% and the activity of the enzyme myeloperoxidase by 48%. In the peritonitis model, HEDkL (50 mg/kg) reduced leukocyte migration (45%), hypernociception (73%), total proteins (20%) and NO2-/NO3- (23%). In the air pouch model, HEDkL (50 mg/kg) reduced the migration of total leukocytes (76%) and neutrophils (88%). In vitro HEDkL (200 µg/mL) reduced by 31% the NO2-/NO3- in the supernatant of macrophages. HEDkL did not alter the animals exploratory, anxiolytic, or depressant behaviors. Conclusion: HEDkL containing flavonoids and phenols presents anti-inflammatory effect in vivo and in vitro involving nitric oxide inhibition, being devoid of behavioral alterations.

Metabolomics Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Colored Quinoa and Their Relationship with In Vitro Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities.

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is rich in phenolic compounds and exhibits diverse biological activities. Few studies have focused on the effect of colored quinoa's phenolic profile on potential biological activity. This study used a UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomic approach to examine the quinoa phenolics and their association with in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. In total, 430 polyphenols, mainly phenolic acids, flavonoids, and flavonols, were identified. Additionally, 121, 116, and 148 differential polyphenols were found between the white and black, white and red, and black and red comparison groups, respectively; 67 polyphenols were screened as shared key differential metabolites. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites were the main differently regulated pathways. Black quinoa had better total phenolic contents (643.68 mg/100 g DW) and antioxidant capacity, while white quinoa had better total flavonoid contents (90.95 mg/100 g DW) and in vitro α-amylase (IC50 value of 3.97 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 value of 1.08 mg/mL) inhibition activities. Thirty-six polyphenols, including epicatechin and linarin, etc., were highly correlated with in vitro antioxidant activity, while six polyphenols, including tiliroside and chrysoeriol, etc., were highly correlated with in vitro hypoglycemic activity. This study may provide important information for colored quinoa resources to develop their healthy food applications.

Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Pavetta graciliflora Wall. ex Ridl. (Rubiaceae) and their Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity

Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Pavetta graciliflora Wall. ex Ridl. (Rubiaceae) and their Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity

Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) in Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd.

In searching for compounds with antioxidant and antifungal activity, our study focused on the subshrub species Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd. (Ericaceae). We measured the antioxidant activity of its methanolic extract (MEE) obtained from the aerial parts (leaves and stems) and of its methanolic extract (MEF) obtained from the lyophilized fruits. The antioxidant activity of the MEE and MEF was evaluated in vitro via a 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and 2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) cationic radical. The results were expressed in gallic acid and Trolox equivalents for the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The antioxidant activities, for the DPPH and ABTS assays, were also evaluated by considering the IC50 values. Concerning the antioxidant activity, the total phenolic content (TPC) in the MEE and MEF was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Polyphenols contained in the leaves, stems, and fruits of E. rubrum were determined qualitatively by employing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis. The antifungal activity of the MEE obtained from the aerial parts of E. rubrum was tested against Rhizoctonia solani. The results of IC50 values measured by the DPPH and ABTS methods with MEE were 0.4145 ± 0.0068 mg mL-1 and 0.1088 ± 0.0023 mg mL-1, respectively, and the IC50 values for MEF were 6.4768 ± 0.0218 mg mL-1 and 0.7666 ± 0.0089 mg mL-1 measured by the DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. The HPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of anthocyanins, phenolic acids derivatives, and flavonols. In vitro, mycelial growth of this fungus was reduced from 90% to nearly 100% in the presence of MEE. The observed antifungal effect is related to the presence of the abovementioned phenols, detected in the MEE.

LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS characterization of phenolic compounds in Australian native passion fruits and their potential antioxidant activities.

Passion fruits, renowned globally for their polyphenolic content and associated health benefits, have enjoyed growing attention from consumers and producers alike. While global cultivar development progresses, Australia has pioneered several native cultivars tailored for its distinct planting conditions. Despite their cultivation, comprehensive studies on the phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacities of these Australian-native passion fruits are notably lacking. This study aims to investigate and compare the polyphenolic content present in the by-products, which are peel (L), and consumable portions, which are the pulp and seeds (P), of four indigenous cultivars: 'Misty Gem' (MG), 'Flamengo' (FG), 'Sweetheart' (SW), and 'Panama' (SH). Employing LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS for profiling, a comprehensive list of polyphenols was curated. Additionally, various antioxidant assays-DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, RPA, FICA, and •OH-RSA-were performed to evaluate their antioxidant potential. A total of 61 polyphenols were identified, categorized into phenolic acid (19), flavonoids (33), and other phenolic substances (9). In the antioxidant assays, the SHP sample exhibited the highest •OH--RSA activity at 98.64 ± 1.45 mg AAE/g, while the FGL sample demonstrated prominent DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS activities with values of 32.47 ± 1.92 mg TE/g, 62.50 ± 3.70 mg TE/g, and 57.84 ± 1.22 mg AAE/g, respectively. Additionally, TPC and several antioxidant assays had a significant positive correlation, including DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS. The Australian-native passion fruits revealed distinct polyphenolic profiles and diverse antioxidant capacities, establishing a foundation for deeper health benefit analyses. This study accentuates the significance of understanding region-specific cultivars and their potential nutraceutical applications.

Screening and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Selected Unripe Fruits and Their Antioxidant Potential.

The food sector's interest in sustainability and the demand for novel bioactive compounds are increasing. Many fruits are wasted every year before ripening due to various climatic conditions and harsh weather. Unripe mangoes, grapes, and black lemons could be rich sources of phenolic compounds that need to be fully elucidated. Using fruit waste as a source of bioactive chemicals has grown increasingly appealing as it may have significant economic benefits. Polyphenols are beneficial for human health to inhibit or minimize oxidative stress and can be used to develop functional and nutraceutical food products. In this context, this study aimed to characterize and screen unripe mangoes, grapes, and black lemons for phenolic compounds using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and their antioxidant activities. Unripe mangoes were quantified with higher total phenolic content (TPC, 58.01 ± 6.37 mg GAE/g) compared to black lemon (23.08 ± 2.28 mg GAE/g) and unripe grapes (19.42 ± 1.16 mg GAE/g). Furthermore, unripe mangoes were also measured with higher antioxidant potential than unripe grapes and black lemons. A total of 85 phenolic compounds (70 in black lemons, 49 in unripe grapes, and 68 in unripe mango) were identified, and 23 phenolic compounds were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Procyanidin B2, gallic acid, epicatechin, caffeic acid, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid were measured with higher concentration in these selected unripe fruits. A positive correlation was found between phenolic contents and the antioxidant activities of unripe fruits. Furthermore, chemometric analysis was conducted to validate the results. This study will explore the utilization of these unripe fruits to develop functional and therapeutic foods.

HPLC/ESI-MS Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cnicus benedictus L. Roots: A Study of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Alzheimer's Activity.

The phenolic composition of Cnicus benedictus roots from four Algerian regions was investigated. Extractions were performed in both hydro-methanolic (30 : 70, v/v) and hydro-ethanolic (30 : 70, v/v) solvents. Their efficiency was determined in terms of the qualitative and quantitative composition in phenolic compounds by HPLC-LC/MS of the different extracts isolated from C. Benedictus roots. Cnicus benedictus roots extract have been characterized by high content of phenolic compounds, where the trans chalcone, 2,3-dihydro flavone, 3-hydroxy flavone and cinnamic acid constitute the major components, in addition to fourteen minor acidic compounds and flavonoids as rutin. The hydro-methanolic extract was the richest in phenolic compounds yield from C benedictus. On the other hand, hydro methanolic (30 : 70, v/v) and hydro ethanolic (30 : 70, v/v) extracts exhibited a high anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (IC50 : 6.05±94.16 μg/mL) as well as by in silico docking according two methods. Likewise, anti-Alzheimer activity of extracts was confirmed by this last technique taking into account the major compounds identified. Antibacterial tests revealed interesting results compared to amoxicillin for the different regions studied with a high content in trans chalcone and 3-hydroxy Flavone.

Characterization of phenolic compounds in Eugenia uniflora leaves by ESI(-) FT-ICR MS, analysis of cytotoxic activity on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS cells), and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity

Eugenia uniflora leaves are a source of flavonoids and ellagitannins, and the Brazilian population uses them to treat various diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to determine if the ethanol extract and other derivatives are effective cytotoxic agents against gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS cells) and anti-H. pylori agent, its chemical composition, and mass spectrometry characterization of the more abundant compounds. The results were compared with the literature. The aqueous fraction, rich in Oenothein B and Gemin D/Hippomanin A, showed anti-H. pylori activity and higher cytotoxicity on AGS cells compared to the other samples analysed. Furthermore, the ESI(-) FT-ICR MS characterized the more abundant phenolic compounds, including Quinic Acid, Myricitrin, Gemin D/Hippomanin A, and Oenothein. Therefore, the activity of the ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction for gastric cancer and against H-pylori seems to originate from the antiproliferative and bacteriostatic effects of tannins and flavonoids.

Ruellia angustiflora (Nees) Lindau ex Rambo: extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds and evaluation of antiradical, photoprotective and antimicrobial activities

Ruellia angustiflora is a shrub popularly known as flower of fire, used in traditional medicine as a healing agent. This study aims to verify the presence of characteristics of pharmaceutical interest in extracts from the root, stem and leaves of this species. The ideal time for ultrasound-assisted extraction is 60 min with a solid-liquid ratio of 1% (w/v). The kinetics of the reaction of the extracts with DPPH is biphasic, and IC50 values are related to the total phenolic compounds. Five phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts, where ferulic acid, rutin and quercetin showed to be the main responsible for the antiradical activity. The extracts displayed considerable photoprotective activity, mainly Ra-LE (SPF = 23). Ra-RE showed an inhibition halo similar to erythromycin against Streptococcus pyogenes. Taken together, these data reveal that Ruellia angustiflora is a source of phenolic compounds and has relevant antiradical, photoprotective and antibacterial activities.