Characterization Of Nano-hydroxyapatite Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite from Hilsha Fish Bone for Biomedical Applications

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a highly biocompatible material that has similar properties to human bone. Researchers have adopted different methods for the synthesis of HA from different natural sources. This paper addresses the synthesis method of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) from Hilsha Fishbone. The synthesized n-HA has been characterized by UV, FTIR, TEM, XRD and cytotoxicity analysis. The successful synthesis of n-HA has been confirmed by the peak formation in the UV analysis. The presence of functional groups has been identified by the FTIR analysis. According to the TEM images, the synthesized n-HA is irregular in size and shape. Based on the XRD analysis, the formation of crystals by the n-HA has been assured. The in-vitro cytotoxicity analysis confirmed the bio-safety of the synthesized n-HA. Based on the findings, the synthesized n-HA can be applied in different biomedical applications.

Synthesis and characterization of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) from Meretrix Meretrix Clam shells and its in-vitro studies for biomedical applications

Recycling of massive waste into valuable products promotes two in one advantages of waste recovery and a pollution-free environment. Preparation of Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and its polymer composites using waste sea shells (natural precursor) are effectively useful in making artificial bone implants, bone cement, and toothpaste additives. The present work is focused to obtain nHAp with good crystalline nature and better biocompatibility using Meretrix Meretrix Clam shells as raw materials by the Co-precipitation method. To enhance the physio-chemical properties, polymers were used as capping agents. The functional group, particle size, thermal stability, phase transition, surface morphology, and electronic transition of atoms of the synthesized samples have been analyzed by spectrographic tools such as FT-IR, XRD, TG/DTA, FESEM/EDAX, XPS and HR-TEM with EDAX mapping respectively. Furthermore, the bacterial sensitivity of the sample against bacteria, the efficiency of the sample towards the formation of an apatite layer over the surface and its hemocompatibility nature were studied by antibacterial, SBF analysis and hemolysis assay respectively. This method of synthesis is free from hard chemicals and harmful by-products. Thus, the report of the present study suggests that it is promising to achieve nHAp with enhanced surface modification which indirectly promotes bone-bonding capability with natural living bone.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite from Waste Egg Shells for Orthopedic and Dental Applications

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a type of material that is widely used in orthopedic and dentistry as a bio-coating of implants for improvement in its osteointegration with bone tissue. HAp was processed and synthesized by a precipitation technique by utilizing a biological means eggshell. The synthesis technique involved the calcination of eggshell powder to obtain calcium oxide and then its titration at a controlled flow rate with phosphoric acid. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) investigations were carried out to confirm the formation of HAp. Whereas, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the shape and structure of the as-synthesized nanohydroxyapatite powder. The obtained results correlate with the literature. It was observed that the HAp formed was highly crystalline and all the peaks corresponded with HAp based on the standard XRD pattern of HAp (JCDPS card no. 09-432). It was clear from the small peaks that some Tri-Calcium Phosphate was also formed along with the hydroxyapatite. Very less crystallinity can be seen in the SEM micrograph of the eggshell. The nHAp formed was subjected to thermal treatment in a controlled environment. The thermal treatment resulted in improved crystallinity and refined grain size. It is noted that higher surface area biogenic HAp with highly interconnected nanoparticles will be useful in bone morphogenesis during bone surgery.

Extraction of Nanohydroxyapatite from Waste Bovine Bone Using Alkaline Digestion Method

Bovine bones from food waste are discarded without any effort to reclaim its potential as calcium sources. This study reports the preparation and characterization of nano hydroxyapatite from bovine bone waste (BvHAp) collected from local restaurant using alkaline digestion method. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to verify the presence of hydroxyapatite in the bovine bone waste. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to study the morphology of the apatite obtained. The SEM analysis revealed that the diameter size of nanoparticles BvHAp were around 20-30 nm. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) result indicated the calcium/phosphorous (Ca/P) ratio of obtained BvHAp after sintering at 1200 °C is 1.75 which is very closed to the theoretical value. The natural BvHAp produced has a potential source for biomaterials and food supplement applications.

Preparation and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite and Its Adsorption Behavior Toward Lead Ions

Preparation and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite and Its Adsorption Behavior Toward Lead Ions

Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Its Adsorption Behavior Toward Copper Ions

Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Its Adsorption Behavior Toward Copper Ions

Preparation and characterization of nanohydroxyapatite by modified sol-gel method with natural rubber latex as a templating agent

ABSTRACTThe present work describes synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite using a modified sol-gel method with calcium nitrate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate as calcium and phosphorous starting materials. Diluted natural rubber latex was used as a template material. The effect of Ca:P (1.50–1.67) ratios and calcination temperature (600, 700, and 800°C) on the properties of synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp) were investigated. All HAp samples were characterized using XRD, FT-Raman, EDX, and TEM. XRD results confirmed the formation of a HAp phase with traces of a β-TCP phase. Nanoscale irregular plate-like particles were observed in synthesized HAp using natural rubber latex as a templating agent.

Isolation and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite from Salmon Fish Bone.

Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHA) was isolated from salmon bone by alkaline hydrolysis. The resulting nHA was characterized using several analytical tools, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to determine the purity of the nHA sample. The removal of organic matter from the raw fish was confirmed by TGA. FT-IR confirmed the presence of a carbonated group and the similarities to synthetic Sigma HA. XRD revealed that the isolated nHA was amorphous. Microscopy demonstrated that the isolated nHA possessed a nanostructure with a size range of 6–37 nm. The obtained nHA interacted with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and was non-toxic. Increased mineralization was observed for nHA treated MSCs compared to the control group. These results suggest that nHA derived from salmon is a promising biomaterial in the field of bone tissue engineering.

The Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP)-g-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-g-collagen Polymer for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

ABSTRACTBone grafts, commonly performed to augment bone regeneration from autologous or alleogeneic sources, carry an enormous cost, estimated at upwards of 21 billion dollars per year. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) bio-ceramic has been widely used in clinic as a bone graft substitute material due to its biocompatibility and the similarity of its structure and composition to bone mineral. However, its applications are limited due to its lack of strength and toughness. Researchers have attempted to overcome these issues by combining HAP bio-ceramics into resorbable polymers to improve their mechanical properties. However, poor bonding between the HAP and the polymer caused separation at the polymer-filler interface. To overcome this, short chains of polymers were grafted directly from the hydroxyl groups on the surface of nanocrystalline HAP. Collagens, being the most abundant proteins in the body, and having suitable properties such as biodegradability, bioabsorbability with low antigenicity, high affinity to water, and the ability to interact with cells through integrin recognition, makes them a very promising candidate for the modification of the polymer surface. In this study, a novel method of synthesizing nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP)-g-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-g-collagen polymer was introduced. The synthesis process was carried out in several steps. First, poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer was directly grafted onto the hydroxyl group of the surface of n-HAP particles by ring-opening polymerization, and subsequently coupled with succinic anhydride. In order to activate the co-polymer for collagen attachment, the carboxyl end group obtained from succinic anhydride was reacted with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as the cross-linking agent. Finally, the activated co-polymer was attached to calf skin collagen type I, in hydrochloric acid/phosphate buffer solution and the precipitated co-polymer with attached collagen was isolated. The synthesis was monitored by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies and the products after each step were characterized by thermal analysis (TGA and DSC). These composite materials will be tested as potential scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Biocompatibility Evaluation of Nano Hydroxyapatite-Starch Biocomposites

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp) in the presence of starch matrix via a biomimetic process for in vitro biocompatibility evaluation. Characterization of the samples was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The Size and morphology of the nHAp samples were determined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The results show that, the shape and morphology of nHAp is influenced by the presence of starch as a template agent. It leads to formation of rod-like nHAp. Cell culture and MTT assays were performed for in vitro biocompatibility. They show that n-HAp can affect the proliferation of cells and the n-HAp/starch biocomposites have no negative effect on the cell morphology, viability and proliferation.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is considered to form major component of bones and teeth. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite (Calcium phosphate, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) was carried out to produce nano powders. The size and shape of nano particles was controlled during synthesis by using templates of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB). A cationic surfactant, CTAB creates micellar structures which would act as nano reactors for the synthesis of nano scale HA. Yield of the final product has also been examined by varying the surfactant concentration. X-ray diffraction data revealed characteristic peaks of HA, where a predominantly hexagonal lattice structure could be deduced. FTIR was used to observe the various chemical groups present in the product. Scanning electron microscope was used for the characterization of nano particles.

Preparation and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite

The aim of this study is to prepare nano hydroxyapatite powder. Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared via co-precipitated method with the addition of citric acid at pH 9-11 in ambient environment. The precipitates were aged for 24hs, and then milled into powder after washed and dried. The particle morphology and particle size of as prepared HA powders were characterized. The results showed that hydroxyapatite powder with width of 10-30nm and length of 30-100nm was prepared by wet co-precipitation.

Fabrication and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite / Poly (D, L-lactide) Composite Porous Scaffolds for Human Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Fabrication and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite / Poly (D, L-lactide) Composite Porous Scaffolds for Human Cartilage Tissue Engineering