Abstract
Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHA) was isolated from salmon bone by alkaline hydrolysis. The resulting nHA was characterized using several analytical tools, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to determine the purity of the nHA sample. The removal of organic matter from the raw fish was confirmed by TGA. FT-IR confirmed the presence of a carbonated group and the similarities to synthetic Sigma HA. XRD revealed that the isolated nHA was amorphous. Microscopy demonstrated that the isolated nHA possessed a nanostructure with a size range of 6–37 nm. The obtained nHA interacted with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and was non-toxic. Increased mineralization was observed for nHA treated MSCs compared to the control group. These results suggest that nHA derived from salmon is a promising biomaterial in the field of bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
The increased need for organ replacement and repair is a worldwide human health challenge
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results confirmed the presence of a carbonated group
X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) results determined that the crystals are amorphous
Summary
The increased need for organ replacement and repair is a worldwide human health challenge. Significant achievements in the field of tissue engineering include artificial prostheses that can treat loss or failure or that can regenerate tissues and/or organs [3] These advances would not have been realized without the contributions of biomaterials in the form of scaffolds that meet the requirements for optimal tissue formation [4]. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, muscle cells and nerve cells in vitro and in vivo They are studied as a common cell source for bone tissue engineering applications [42,43]. Producing work that nHA from fish salmon bone isfish an excellent biomaterial bone tissue cells. This work suggests that salmon nHA from bone is an excellent candidate biomaterialforcandidate for engineering applications
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