Characterization Of Low-density Polyethylene Research Articles

Characterization of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Thermoplastics with Rice Husk Ash Nanosilica Filler Synthesized Using the Coprecipitation Method

Characterization of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Thermoplastics with Rice Husk Ash Nanosilica Filler Synthesized Using the Coprecipitation Method

Characterization of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films degraded using bacteria strains isolated from oil-contaminated soil

ABSTRACT This study assessed the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film degradation potential of microorganisms isolated from oil-contaminated soil and also analyzed the morphological and chemical composition of LDPE films after the biodegradation period. The bacteria strains isolated from oil-contaminated soil were standardized and used to degrade the pretreated LDPE films in mineral salt media. Thereafter, they were incubated for 78 days at 37°C in an incubator shaker, and the degraded LDPE films were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively (using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and energy dispersal x-ray (EDX)). Isolates A32 and BTT4 amongst other bacteria isolates showed the highest LDPE film degradation activity, with a weight reduction of 71.80% and 89.72% respectively, and were identified using the 16S rRNA sequencing technique. The EDX results showed that LDPE film incubated with A32 has the highest reduction in carbon and nitrogen (23.8% and 44.9% respectively) when compared with the Control. However, LDPE film incubated with BTT4 had an increase in calcium and chlorine (139% and 40% respectively), when compared with the control. Similarly, the SEM images showed the appearance of pinholes, cracks and particles on the surfaces of LDPE films incubated with A32 and BTT4 contrary to the controls. A32 and BTT4 were identified as Proteus mirabilis (Accession number: MN124173.1) and Proteus mirabilis (Accession number: KY027145.1) respectively. Proteus mirabilis showed viable plastic biodegradation potentials and may be useful in the management of plastic waste, leading to a reduction in global plastic waste and a clean environment.

Characterization of Low-Density Polyethylene and LDPE-Based/Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate with Medium Content of Vinyl Acetate

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), which are non-polar and polar polymers, are immiscible and form a polyphase system. In this study, LDPE was mixed with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA-28) with a medium content of vinyl acetate (28% VA), respectively by injection molding machine and LDPE. Tensile strength and flexural strength were tested according to ASTM D638-02 standard and ISO 178 standard. The results showed that adding EVA-28 increased the elongation at break of the LDPE/2.5% EVA, LDPE/5% EVA and LDPE/10% EVA blend samples. In addition, the tensile and flexural strength of the LDPE/EVA blend decreases gradually as the EVA-28 content in the blend increases. The hardness decreases with the increasing EVA-28 content. EVA-28 spherical particles appeared scattered on the surface of the LDPE matrix, in the highest EVA-28 percent sample (12.5% EVA-28), the number of particles appeared to be quite a lot, and was dispersed quite evenly on the surface. The LDPE/EVA-28 blend achieved a higher elongation at the break than LDPE, in which 10% EVA-28 gives the highest elongation at break.

Characterization of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/carbon black (CB) nanocomposite-based packaging material

Carbon black (CB) has the ability to be used as a filler to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the packaging material. This study aimed to determine the effect of CB composition variations as a filler on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposite to physical properties, mechanical properties, and thermal properties. The fabrication of LDPE/CB nanocomposite-based packaging material was performed by hot press and cold press method with LDPE/CB composition variations of 95: 5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 %wt. The effects of CB as filler on LDPE thermoplastic were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, UTM, and TGA. The result of IR spectra analysis showed that the interaction between LDPE and CB in the solution was limited to physical bonds, the analysis using XRD generally follows the LDPE diffraction pattern. The most optimum composition result obtained from the variation of 5%wt CB, where the surface morphology using SEM of it tends to agglomerate, the mechanical analysis using UTM showed a tensile strength of 21.45 MPa, elongation at 436.21 mm, and modulus young 246.22 MPa, and thermal analysis using TGA showed changes mass at a decomposition temperature of 488.70 °C.

Characterization of Low-Density Polyethylene in Dibutoxymethane by High-Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography with Triple Detection

The study presents the possibility to replace the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) for the analysis by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of low-density polyethylenes (LDPE) with dibutoxymethane (DBM, butylal), a halogen free and less toxic solvent. The molecular weight distributions and the viscosity plots were measured for commercial LDPE samples solubilized in TCB, and DBM, using a GPC system with triple detection (light scattering, differential refractive index and viscometer). Similar results were obtained in both solvents for the molecular weight and long chain branching distributions of the analyzed resins, thus confirming the possibility to replace TCB with DBM for the analysis by high-temperature GPC of all types of polyolefins.

Synthesis and characterization of low density polyethylene with multiferroic bismuth ferrite nanocomposite

A novel low density polyethylene (LDPE) with multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) nano-dielectric was successfully prepared via a solution-melt blending method. The structure, thermal, magnetic, as well as dielectric properties of the nano-dielectric were examined. The microstructures of LDPE/BiFeO3 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Microstructural analysis indicated that BiFeO3 nanoparticles were well dispersed in the LDPE matrix and the structure of LDPE was unchanged even after doping with BiFeO3 nanoparticles. The differential scanning calorimetry data of the thermal properties revealed that melting temperature has decreased and crystallinity has increased. The reason was that amount of nucleation agents was increased and crystal propagation rate was changed. The corresponding magnetic and dielectric properties were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer and broadband dielectric spectrometer. The results showed that the magnetization behaviour of diamagnetic LDPE was transformed due to the antiferromagnetism of BiFeO3. In addition, the dielectric permittivity and loss of LDPE/BiFeO3 increased with increasing BiFeO3 filler concentrations in the LDPE matrix due to different response mechanisms.

Thermal Experimental Dielectric Characterization of Cost-Fewer Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites

Polymer properties can be experimentally tailored by adding small amounts of different fillers, but they are expensive with respect to the classical polymer materials. This paper has been studied the enhancement and controlling of electric and dielectric properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) polymer materials by cost-fewer nanoparticles. Certain percentages of clay and fumed silica nanoparticles have been enhanced electric and dielectric properties of low-density polyethylene nanocomposite. Dielectric spectroscopy has been measured the electric and dielectric properties of low-density polyethylene with and without nanofillers at various frequencies (10Hz-100kHz) and temperatures (20°C, 40°C and 60°C). Also, it has been investigated the optimum percentages of nanofillers with respect to nanofillers type, filler concentration and temperature for enhancing electric and dielectric characterization of low-density polyethylene. Experimental measurements have been carried out on dielectric breakdown strength of new polyethylene nanocomposites materials under variant electric fields (uniform, and non-uniform) and variant temperatures. It has been specified the effective nanofillers factors on dielectric breakdown strength of polyethylene nanocomposites materials.

Characterization of low-density polyethylene by gel permeation chromatography—II. Study on the Drott method using fractions

Polyethylenes of different structures were fractionated and the fractions characterized by light scattering, gel permeation chromatography and viscometry. Intrinsic viscosities were measured in solvents of different thermodynamical quality including a θ-solvent (diphenyl at 118° for low-density polyethylene and at 130° for high-density polyethylene and ethylene-butene-1 copolymer). The results were used for examining two aspects of the Drott iterative procedure: (a) the relationship between thermodynamical quality of the solvent and depression in the intrinsic viscosity due to branching; and (b) analytical form of expression relating the so-called g-factor to the number of long-chain branches. The ratio of intrinsic viscosities of branched and linear species at a given weight-average molecular weight has been clearly proved to be solvent independent, and the equation relating the g-factor to the number of branches for polymer monodisperse with respect to molecular weights appears to be a fair representation of long-chain branching in low-density polyethylene. For the polymers examined, the branching frequency λ is not independent of molecular weight.

Characterization of low-density polyethylene by gel permeation chromatography—III. Study on the Drott method using a whole polymer

Two features of the Drott iterative procedure for the estimation of long-chain branching have been examined, viz. the proportionality between the number of long-chain branches n per molecule and its molecular weight M, and the exponent ϵ relating the ratio of intrinsic viscosities of branched and linear polymers of the same weight-average molecular weight to n. The original Drott model describing the distribution of long-chain branches (LCB) has been replaced by a more general equation: n = const. M B and an examination of the effect of the exponents B and ϵ on the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and LCB characteristics carried out. The analysis has revealed that, unless information on the LCB distribution is available, the method described by Drott for which B = 1 can hardly give meaningful information on MWD and LCB for commercial low-density polyethylenes.

Characterization of low-density polyethylene by gel permeation chromatography-I the universal calibration curve and mark-houwink equation

Results obtained on characterized fractions of polystyrene, low-density polyethylene, highdensity polyethylene and an ethylene-butene-1 copolymer confirm the Benoit-type universal calibration for gel permeation chromatography. The Mark—Houwink relationship obtained for high-density polyethylene in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 135° and 145° was [η] = 9·54 × 10 −4 M w D-64 Short-chain branching present in the ethylene-butene-1 copolymer does not affect the parametrs of this equation.