Characterization Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles from Lawsonia inermis and its effect on the biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbon.

Crude oil hydrocarbons are considered major environmental pollutants and pose a significant threat to the environment and humans due to having severe carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Bioremediation is one of the practical and promising technology that can be applied to treat the hydrocarbon-polluted environment. In this present study, rhamnolipid biosurfactant (BS) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PP4 and green synthesized iron nanoparticles (G-FeNPs) from Lawsonia inermis was used to evaluate the biodegradation efficiency (BE) of crude oil. The surface analysis of G-FeNPs was carried out by using FESEM and HRTEM to confirm the size and shape. Further, the average size of the G-FeNPs was observed around 10nm by HRTEM analysis. The XRD and Raman spectra strongly confirm the presence of iron nanoparticles with their respective peaks. The BE (%) of mixed degradation system-V (PP4+BS+G-FeNPs) was obtained about 82%. FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of major functional constituents (C=O, -CH3, C-O, and OH) in the residual oil content. Overall, this study illustrates that integrated nano-based bioremediation could be an efficient approach for hydrocarbon-polluted environments. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the G-FeNPs with rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the biodegradation of crude oil.

Green synthesis and multifaceted characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles derived from Senna bicapsularis for enhanced in vitro and in vivo biological investigation

Abstract Iron oxide nanoparticles have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their diverse applications, particularly in the therapeutic field. We present a green synthesis method using the extract of Senna bicapsularis, the production of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The successful synthesis of IONPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, revealing the characteristic peak at 295 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy were employed to elucidate the functional groups involved in the synthesis and characterize the morphological features of the nanoparticles. Subsequently, the synthesized IONPs were subjected to biological assays to assess their anticancer, enzyme inhibitory, analgesic, and sedative activities, following standardized protocols. The IONPs exhibited potent anticancer activity against the MDR 2780AD cell line, with IC50 values of 0.85 (extract) and 0.55 (iron oxide nanoparticles). Remarkable inhibitory effects were also observed against urease (IC50 = 12.98 ± 0.98) and xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 96.09 ± 0.65). Additionally, they demonstrated moderate carbonic anhydrase II inhibition, with 42.09% inhibition at a concentration of 0.25 mM. Furthermore, the extract and IONPs demonstrated a significant analgesic effect in a dose-dependent manner, while the sedative effect was also significant (p < 0.001).

Functionalization and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles recovered from acid mine drainage and application in the enhanced oil recovery

Oil is one of the most intensively used energy sources in the world and, as a fossil fuel, it is a finite resource. Different methods have been explored to increase oil recovery from mature fields, particularly using enhanced oil recovery (EOR) with the help of nanofluids. This study performed EOR tests using iron oxide nanoparticles added to brine and sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions. Three types of iron oxide nanoparticles were examined: commercial (IO), derived from the acid drainage of an underground coal mine (SIO), and temperature-sensitive functionalized (TSIO). The nanoparticles were well characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The nanofluids were evaluated through dynamic light scattering measurements and determination of the viscosity, turbidity, contact angle and surface tension. There was not significant variation in the surface tension of the samples, which ranged between 25.46 and 28.28 mN m−1. However, the contact angle exhibited notable fluctuations depending on the nanoparticles concentration, ranging from 7.39° to 24.43°. Furthermore, the zeta potential suggests that the stability of the nanofluid samples falls within the moderate to medium range. An improvement in oil recovery reached 10% with the commercial nanoparticles (0.50 wt%), followed by 8.5% using the synthesized (0.25 wt%) and 7.5% using the functionalized (0.25 wt%). Moreover, all nanofluids showed good stability for up to 30 days, and their viscosity showed a direct relationship with the enhancement in oil recovery.

Background optimization of powder electron diffraction for implementation of the e-PDF technique and study of the local structure of iron oxide nanocrystals.

The local structural characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles is explored using a total scattering analysis method known as pair distribution function (PDF) (also known as reduced density function) analysis. The PDF profiles are derived from background-corrected powder electron diffraction patterns (the e-PDF technique). Due to the strong Coulombic interaction between the electron beam and the sample, electron diffraction generally leads to multiple scattering, causing redistribution of intensities towards higher scattering angles and an increased background in the diffraction profile. In addition to this, the electron-specimen interaction gives rise to an undesirable inelastic scattering signal that contributes primarily to the background. The present work demonstrates the efficacy of a pre-treatment of the underlying complex background function, which is a combination of both incoherent multiple and inelastic scatterings that cannot be identical for different electron beam energies. Therefore, two different background subtraction approaches are proposed for the electron diffraction patterns acquired at 80 kV and 300 kV beam energies. From the least-square refinement (small-box modelling), both approaches are found to be very promising, leading to a successful implementation of the e-PDF technique to study the local structure of the considered nanomaterial.

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Murraya Koenigii leaves

Nanotechnology becomes the most interesting area for researchers from last two decades. There are several methods to synthesis nanoparticles but the use of green method for synthesis reduces or eliminates the generation of hazardous byproducts. Green synthesis method is environment friendly alternative to conventional synthesis techniques. Green chemistry is about reducing risk, energy, environmental impact, hazard, cost, materials and waste. The green method or biological method involves the use of microorganisms, plants etc. for synthesis of nanoparticles. In our present research work we use Murraya koenigii leaves powder extract as reducing and capping agent. Plant sources containing the phytoconstituents viz., Tannins, Alkaloids, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Citric acid etc. Metallic and metal oxides nanoparticles of various shapes, sizes, contents and physicochemical properties can be synthesized using green synthesis method. The synthesized Iron oxide Nanoparticles were characterized be different analytical techniques. The surface morphology revealed by SEM, elemental composition by EDX, Different functional groups revealed by FTIR spectroscopy and particle size measured by particle size analyzer.

Green synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles for the removal of heavy metals (Cd2+ and Ni2+) from aqueous solutions with Antimicrobial Investigation

Clove and green Coffee (g-Coffee) extracts were used to synthesize green iron oxide nanoparticles, which were then used to sorb Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions out of an aqueous solution. Investigations with x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption (BET), Zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to know and understand more about the chemical structure and surface morphology of the produced iron oxide nanoparticles. The characterization revealed that the main component of iron nanoparticles was magnetite when the Clove extract was used as a reducing agent for Fe3+, but both magnetite and hematite were included when the g-Coffee extract was used. Sorption capacity for metal ions was studied as a function of sorbent dosage, metal ion concentration, and sorption period. The maximum Cd2+ adsorption capacity was 78 and 74 mg/g, while that of Ni2+ was 64.8 and 80 mg/g for iron nanoparticles prepared using Clove and g-Coffee, respectively. Different isotherm and kinetic adsorption models were used to fit experimental adsorption data. Adsorption of Cd2+ and Ni2+ on the iron oxide surface was found to be heterogeneous, and the mechanism of chemisorption is involved in the stage of determining the rate. The correlation coefficient R2 and error functions like RMSE, MES and MAE were used to evaluate the best fit models to the experimental adsorption data. The adsorption mechanism was explored using FTIR analysis. Antimicrobial study showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity of the tested nanomaterials against both Gram positive (S. aureus) (25923) and Gram negative (E. coli) (25913) bacteria with increased activity against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative one and more activity for Green iron oxide nanoparticles prepared from Clove than g-Coffee one.

Processing and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Produced by Ball Milling Technique

In this study iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticle samples was prepared using mechanical grinding method. The optical properties were studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometer within a range of 200-1100nm. The micro and crystalline size of the nanoparticle were studied using x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compositional analysis was carried out using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Observation of the electrical properties of the nanoparticle was carried out using an electrical four-point probe system. The XRD pattern in the 2θ range from 20 to 700 revealed that iron oxide had a rhombohedral structure. The SEM result showed that the nanoparticles were well dispersed and had a uniform crystalline structure. The EDXS results showed the elemental analysis of the nanoparticles under consideration. Iron oxide nanoparticles had elemental composition of oxygen, iron, titanium and carbon. The atomic and weight concentration of iron was 14.19 and 30.89%. The four-point probe electrical resistivity result shows that iron oxide nanoparticles had a sheet resistance of 9.8x106Ώ/sq. The optical result made it known that iron oxide nanoparticles possessed a high transmittance, also iron oxide nanoparticles displayed a low reflectance and moderate absorbance. Finally, the bandgap energy of Fe2O3 dispersed in ethanol was found to be 2.74 eV. The Band gap of Fe2O3 dispersed in distilled water is 2.98 eV.

Structural, Morphological, and Magnetic Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized at Different Reaction Times via Thermal Decomposition Method

Background: Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized by the thermal decomposition method. Methods: In this work, the properties of the nanoparticles synthesized at different reaction times were investigated. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analysis were carried out to characterize oleate adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles. Results: The oleate-coated surfaces were obtained for all samples, and the amount of oleate on the surfaces of the particles changed with the change in reaction time. The size, size distribution, and shape of SPIONs were determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (SEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). It was seen that changing the reaction time affected the shape of the nanoparticles, but almost the same sized nanoparticles were obtained with the increase of reaction time. The sample's crystallite size of 12.5-14.2 nm achieved with XRD is in good agreement with the mean size of 15-16.4 that was obtained by TEM results. Maximum magnetic saturation of the sample was achieved at 3 h reaction time. Conclusion: The magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Electron- Spin Resonance (ESR) and Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS). All samples showed superparamagnetic behaviors at room temperature.

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron oxide Nanoparticles with Thymoquinone.

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron oxide Nanoparticles with Thymoquinone.

Preparation and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Effective Epirubicin Delivery to Drug Resistant Breast Cancer Cells

Preparation and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Effective Epirubicin Delivery to Drug Resistant Breast Cancer Cells

BIOENERGY TRANSFORMATION OF PRESS MUD VIA ANAEROBIC DIGESTION USING IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES: AN ANALYSIS

This study focuses on intensifying biogas production through anaerobic digestion of press mud with the addition of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles at various doses (30 milligrams per liter, 60 milligrams per liter, 90 milligrams per liter, and 120 milligrams per liter) at 38C in a laboratory-scale. The characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles was done using X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Results revealed that the peak of biogas production reached 245 ml in the digester containing press mud with 90 mg/L of iron oxide nanoparticles. The kinetic modeling reveals that the modified Gompertz model and modified Logistic models fit excellently with the experimental curve of cumulative biogas production, with correlation coefficient (R2) values ranging from 0.9969 to 0.9986 and from 0.9987 to 0.9995, respectively

Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of Iron oxide nanoparticles

In the present study, we investigated the crystallinity, surface morphology, and optical properties of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) formed by solvothermal synthesis. From powder XRD analysis, the Fe3O4 NPs were found to be an inverse spinel structure and highly crystalline nature. The surface morphology and particle size distribution were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The elemental compositions were confirmed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The optical characteristics of the Fe3O4 NPs were analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Overall, from the analysis, Fe3O4 NPs with tailored optical and structural properties can be easily formed by the solvothermal route to find potential applications in industries and the medical field.

Preparation and Characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles by using Lemon Iraqi plant extracts

الملخص: في هذه الدراسة حضرت دقائق اوكسيد الحديد النانوية باستعمال مستخلص نبات الليمون و قد شخصت الدقائق المحضرة باستعمال مطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء وحيود الاشعة السينية والمجهر الالكتروني الماسح ومقياس تحليل الاشعة السينية المشتتة للطاقات. وتقع هذه الطريقة ضمن الكيمياء الخضراء وهي طريقة صديقة للبيئة وباقل كلفة من الطرائق الاخرى

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Murraya Koenigii leaves

Nanotechnology becomes the most interesting area for researchers from last two decades. There are several methods to synthesis nanoparticles but the use of green method for synthesis reduces or eliminates the generation of hazardous byproducts. Green synthesis method is environment friendly alternative to conventional synthesis techniques. Green chemistry is about reducing risk, energy, environmental impact, hazard, cost, materials and waste. The green method or biological method involves the use of microorganisms, plants etc. for synthesis of nanoparticles. In our present research work we use Murraya koenigii leaves powder extract as reducing and capping agent. Plant sources containing the phytoconstituents viz., Tannins, Alkaloids, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Citric acid etc. Metallic and metal oxides nanoparticles of various shapes, sizes, contents and physicochemical properties can be synthesized using green synthesis method. The synthesized Iron oxide Nanoparticles were characterized be different analytical techniques. The surface morphology revealed by SEM, elemental composition by EDX, Different functional groups revealed by FTIR spectroscopy and particle size measured by particle size analyzer.

Biosynthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles from Mentha spicata and screening its combating potential against Phytophthora infestans.

Plant pathogens cause serious diseases to agricultural crops which lead to food insecurity in the world. To combat plant pathogens, various strategies have been developed including the use of agrochemicals. The overuse of these chemicals is now leading to the pesticide-resistant capability of pathogens. To overcome this problem, modern nanobiotechnology offers the production of alternative nano drugs. In this study, we used Mentha spicata for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using the green synthesis method. The synthesis of Fe2O3 NPs was confirmed through various characterizations. UV–Vis analysis detected a characteristic absorbance at the spectral range of 272 nm. The SEM micrographic analysis at various magnifications displayed circular or rod-shaped nanoparticles with a size ranging from 21 to 82 nm. The elemental EDX characterization showed intense peaks with a weight percent of 57, 34.93, and 8.07 for Fe, O, and, Cl respectively. TGA analysis showed that weight loss at 44–182, 500, and 660°C with no further modification indicates the thermal stability of iron oxide nanoparticles. FTIR spectrum of uncalined detects various bands at 3331, 1625, and 1,437 cm−1 for the hydroxyl group. After calcination two bands at 527 and 434 cm−1 were observed for Fe-O. The antimicrobial in vitro study showed maximum growth inhibition of Phytophthora infestans by the concentration of 100 μg ml−1 of Fe2O3-PE and Fe2O3 NPs. Therefore, this study resulted that bio-stable iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as alternative antimicrobial agents.

Echinochloa frumentacea grains extract mediated synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles: A greener nano drug for potential biomedical applications

Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in diverse fields due to their significant applications. The synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using plant material extract is a simple, inexpensive and eco-friendly approach. The present study demonstrates the effective bio-synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using grains extract of Echinochloa frumentacea. GC-MS analysis report revealed the information about the phytochemicals in aqueous grains extract. The formation of iron oxide nanoparticles was confirmed using UV–visible, XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, EDX, and mapping analyses. The UV–visible spectrum of iron oxide nanoparticles showed the SPR band at 289 nm. The XRD studies confirmed the formation of high crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles. HRTEM analysis showed that the formed nanoparticles were rectangular and triangular in shape and the size ranged between 20 and 40 nm. The iron oxide nanoparticles revealed significant antibacterial activity against the microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi at 150 μg/mL and morphological changes were observed. The high concentration of nanoparticles exhibited 24 and 27 mm zone of inhibition on S. typhi and S. aureus, respectively. We observed the role of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties of nanoparticles, and they showed excellent bioactive properties even at a low IC50 value. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic analyses showed high activity at 95.10, 92.10 and 91.68% for 80 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Moreover, the iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited high cytotoxicity (94.36%) against A549 cancer cells and no toxicity against HEK293 normal cells which showed the biocompatibility of nanoparticles. The larvicidal and insecticidal activities of nanoparticles showed the maximum mortality at 48 h in 100 ppm and 72 h in 75, 100 μg/kg, respectively. The morphological and structural changes in larvae and insects validated the effective biological activities of iron oxide nanoparticles. The plant growth study results recommended that the lower concentration of nanoparticles at 60 ppm was helpful for the germination of seeds and growth of root and stem in the Vigna unguiculata plant. Finally, the study results suggested that the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles can potentially be useful in pharmaceutical, agricultural, targeted drug delivery and biomedical applications.

Rice straw mediated green synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles and its application to improve thermal stability of endoglucanase enzyme

Applications of thermostable enzymes in various industries are highly demanding, and considered as one of the most feasible solutions to gain the high productivity of the related bio-processing. Nevertheless, cost-intensive production of enzymes with low reactivity and stability make them non-suitable for different sustainable industrial applications. Focusing on this aspect, the present study deals with the sustainable and low-cost green synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using rice straw extract as the food waste which function as the natural reducing reagent and investigates the utility of IONPs to improve the thermo-stability of enzyme. Herein, physiochemical properties of newly synthesized IONPs have been analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Moreover, impact of green route synthesized IONPs is studied to improve the thermal stability of commercially available endo-glucanase (EG) enzyme as a model system. It is noticed that IONPs significantly supported to enhance the thermal stability of EG enzyme, wherein enzyme exhibited thermal stability at 70 °C up to 15 h, and suggesting high potential of thermally stable enzyme for numerous industrial applications.

From Low to High Saturation Magnetization in Magnetite Nanoparticles: The Crucial Role of the Molar Ratios Between the Chemicals.

In this study, a comprehensive characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by using a simple one-pot thermal decomposition route is presented. In order to obtain monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles with high saturation magnetization, close to the bulk material, the molar ratios between the starting materials (solvents, reducing agents, and surfactants) were varied. Two out of nine conditions investigated in this study resulted in monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles with high saturation magnetization (90 and 93% of bulk magnetite). The X-ray diffraction analyses along with the inspection of the lattice structure through transmission electron micrographs revealed that the main cause of the reduced magnetization in the other seven samples is likely due to the presence of distortion and microstrain in the particles. Although the thermogravimetric analysis, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies confirmed the presence of covalently bonded oleic acid on the surface of all the samples, the particles with higher polydispersity and the lowest surface coating molecules showed the lowest saturation magnetization. Based on the observed results, it could be speculated that the changes in the kinetics of the reactions, induced by varying the molar ratio of the starting chemicals, can lead to the production of the particles with higher polydispersity and/or lattice deformation in their crystal structures. Finally, it was concluded that the experimental conditions for obtaining high-quality iron oxide nanoparticles, particularly the molar ratios and the heating profile, should not be chosen independently; for any specific molar ratio, there may exist a specific heating profile or vice versa. Because this synthetic consideration has rarely been reported in the literature, our results can give insights into the design of iron oxide nanoparticles with high saturation magnetization for different applications.

Phytochemical Investigation, Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Peel Extract of Punica Granatum

Iron oxide nanoparticles are gradually being studied for many applications in the field of medicine, photonics, laser, and biophysics. In this experiment, dark synthesis is used for obtaining iron oxide nanoparticles from Punica granatum fruit peel extract. Results confirmed that all synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles have a purity and high degree of crystallinity. The size of the nanoparticles which is synthesized by this root has a high degree of crystalline structure with a crystalline size of 37.71 nm. The highest peaks angle is 33.240, and 35.710 with the interplanar spacing (hkl) at (104), and (112) respectively, and the index hkl based on ICSD no. 01-079-0007. UV–vis absorption recorded a characteristic peak at 653.9 nm for iron oxide nanoparticles. The bandgap analysis at 1.81 eV.

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and their Antibacterial Activity

The present investigation was aimed to develop an easy, low-cost and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of Chitosan based iron oxide Nanoparticles (Cs-FeNPs) using shells of Penaeus monodon. The synthesized Cs-FeNPs were characterized by using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM with EDAX). The visible dark black color formation and surface plasmon resonance at 233 nm indicates the biosynthesis of Cs-FeNPs. The TEM images showed polydispersal, and spherical Cs-FeNPs particle size of 3 to 5 nm. Antibacterial activity of chitosan aqueous extract and Cs-FeNPs showed an excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).