Characterization Of Biosorbent Research Articles

Sequestration of an Azo Dye by a Potential Biosorbent: Characterization of Biosorbent, Adsorption Isotherm and Adsorption Kinetic Studies.

This study explores the detailed characterization of a biosorbent (Hen Feather) and its efficient use in eradicating the azo dye Metanil Yellow (MY) from its aqueous solutions. Effects of a range of experimental parameters, including pH, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dosage and contact time on the adsorption, were studied. A detailed physical and chemical characterization of the biosorbent was made using SEM, XRD, XPS and FTIR. During the optimization of adsorption parameters, the highest dye uptake of almost 99% was recorded at pH 2, dye concentration 2 × 10-5 M, 0.05 g of biosorbent and a contact period of 75 min. Various adsorption isotherm models were studied to gather different adsorption and thermodynamic parameters. The linearity of the Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R adsorption isotherms indicate homogeneous, multilayer chemisorption with high adsorption affinity between the dye and biosorbent. Values of the changes in the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and the enthalpy (ΔH°) of the adsorption process have been calculated, these values indicate that it is a spontaneous and endothermic process. Kinetics of the adsorption were also measured, and it was established that the adsorption of MY over Hen Feather follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model at temperatures 30, 40 and 50 °C. The findings of this investigation clearly indicate that the studied biosorbent exhibits a high affinity towards the dye (MY), and it can be effectively, economically and efficiently used to sequestrate and eradicate MY from its aqueous solutions.

Screening and characterization of novel biosorbent for the removal of Cadmium from contaminated water

Presence of trace metal pollutants in the aquatic system is a worldwide foremost concern. The present investigation was an attempt to find out the novel biosorbent for the removal of Cadmium(CdII) from contaminated water. The leaf of Sesbania bispinosa was screened out as a potential Cd(II) removing biosorbent from thirty different natural biomasses by physico-chemical and sorption process characterizations. Biosorption capacity of S. bispinosa was determined by batch mode biosorption method with the functions of solution pH, contact time, biosorbent dose and initial Cd(II) concentration. Obtained results were analyzed for isotherm and kinetic study. The S. bispinosa biosorbent exhibited the biosorption equilibrium of Cd(II) uptake in 30 min. At pH 4, biosorbent dose of 1 g/L was sufficient for maximum Cd(II) uptake. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed the favourable sorption surface characteristics. The data also demonstrated that Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.998) is the better fitted model compared to Langmuir model and the maximum sorption capacity was found to be 33.33 mg/g. Suitabilty of pseudo second order reaction pathway was observed during the kinetic study. Most especially, The selected biosorbent is ascertained effective in removing multimetals [Cd(II) - 67.51 %, Cr(VI) – 40.36 %, Pb(II) – 100 % and Cu(II) – 59.01 %] from a quaternary aqueous solution of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cu(II) mixture and spent biosorbent can be easily regenerated by applying 0.1 M HCl solution as a desorbing agent. It, therefore, could be concluded that leaves of S.bispinosa might be a low-cost and environmentally sound novel biosorbent for the treatment of Cd(II) contaminated water.

Captivating actions of pomological crops waste as biosorbents for environmental remediation: a comprehensive review.

Water pollutants are an emerging environmental hurdle for crop production and human health risks. In recent decades, the removal of contaminants from water using a cutting-edge approach like biosorbents is a strategy that is both cost-efficient and sustainable. For instance, since biowaste from fruit crops implies the frequent occurrence of average annual waste, it is imperative to formulate strategic initiatives to mitigate this emerging problem while simultaneously recognizing the potential for reutilization and reintroduction of such waste into the industrial sector. Fruit crops such as peels, seeds, skins, branches and stalks can be altered into biosorbents for water treatment. Partially mitigating the adverse impacts of biowaste that estimate to incur costs of billions of dollars around the world would be achieved with this engineering application. This review provides a perspective on the existing literature and brings up-to-date information and findings in the field of pomological crop waste as biosorbents for environmental remediation. In this way, we review the detrimental impact of environmental contaminants on biological organisms and different types of fruit crop waste and their utilization for wastewater treatment, with special emphasis on the formulation of biowaste sorbents (removal efficiency is > 80%) and their application for capturing pollutants such as heavy metals, organic and inorganic dyes and oils. Besides, the newly invented techniques for the characterization of fruit-based biosorbents, the parametric evaluation of biosorbents and their comparison with other available biosorbents are discussed. This review will be helpful for remediating contaminants in wastewater and a panacea for practical engineering solutions.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Biosorbent (Ananas comosus Morris) Leaves in Reducing the Physical Parameters of Peat Water

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Biosorbent (Ananas comosus Morris) Leaves in Reducing the Physical Parameters of Peat Water

Characterization of Biosorbent from Musa acuminata balbisian Peel using FTIR Spectroscopy and Its Application to Cadmium (Cd) Removal: Effect of Activator Type, pH, and Biosorbent Ratio

Characterization of Biosorbent from Musa acuminata balbisian Peel using FTIR Spectroscopy and Its Application to Cadmium (Cd) Removal: Effect of Activator Type, pH, and Biosorbent Ratio

Ultrasound assisted preparation, characterization, and application of biosorbent for Rhodamine 6G removal from wastewater

AbstractNatural adsorbents offer promise for application in environmental protection mainly based on the cost efficiency and biodegradable nature. In the current work, a biosorbent has been synthesized from coconut shell (a common agrochemical waste) in the presence of ultrasound with an objective to improve the microstructure of the carbon coupled with activation using mixture of HNO3 with H2SO4 (7:3 proportion). SEM analysis clearly confirmed that ultrasound induced cavitational effects improved the porous structure of the sample. FTIR and XRD results confirmed the favorable adsorption characteristics for the synthesized activated carbon with no negative changes due to the use of ultrasound. The synthesized adsorbent was used for the removal of a toxic dye, Rhodamine 6G present in effluent at a level of 25 mg L−1. The detailed study into effect of operating parameters elucidated that optimum treatment time for maximum dye removal was 22 min whereas the optimal value of biosorbent loading and pH were 8 gL−1 and 10, respectively. The equilibrium data was fitted into different types of adsorption isotherm models, and Langmuir isotherm model was elucidated as the best fitted model with an adsorption capacity of 90.9 mg g−1. Similarly, the kinetic studies revealed that pseudo second order model fitted better than all the other models. Overall, the efficacy of prepared adsorbent in the presence of ultrasound was effectively demonstrated for the Rhodamine 6G removal from wastewater, also demonstrating the effect of different operating conditions during the adsorption.

Production and Characterization of Green Biosorbent Based on Modified Corn Cob Decorated Magnetite Nanoparticles

In most developing countries, particularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, corn cobs are considered as waste polluting the environment during the harvest period of this cereal. In order to valorize this agricultural waste, high-performance, inexpensive and low-energy consumption magnetic bioadsorbents were prepared from corn cobs. The chemically activated raw corn cob was magnetized by coating the surface with magnetite nanoparticles. The prepared biosorbents were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM associated with EDX, HR-TEM, TG analysis, BET surface area analysis and XPS. The maximum specific surface area of 35.22 m2/g was reached. An attempt to use of these magnetic biosorbents for the removal of heavy metal like Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was envisaged.

New nanocomposites based on silica and the growth substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus with applications in adsorption processes

The present study aimed at the synthesis and characterization of new biosorbents by modifying the POBM (growth substrate of the macromycete Pleurotus ostreatus) using a commercial silica (DAVICAT 1452) in order to improve the absorbtion properties and the thermal, chemical and mechanical stability of the biosorbents which were presented in a previous study. In order to select the sorbent with the best performance, nanocomposites based on silica and biomass were obtained by different methods. The efficiency of the materials was tested for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The maximum capacity and rate of adsorption were for the biosorbent calcinated at 5500C after material synthesis and they were comparable with similar materials presented in the specialised literature.

Effective removal of chemical oxygen demand from sanitary landfill leachate using raw and chemically treated olive stones

ABSTRACT The biosorption capacity of untreated olive stones (OS) and olive stones chemically treated (TOS) to remove COD's landfill leachate was investigated in this study. Characterization of the both biosorbents was performed using XRD, SEM, FTIR and 13C NMR techniques. Leachate was taken from Hassi Bounif Sanitary Landfill (HBSL) in Oran (Western Algeria). So, Hassi Bounif Leachate (HBL) exhibited a basic pH between 7.83 and 8.2, high COD level varying from 5,200 to 8,000 mg.L-1, low BOD5/COD ratio from 0.1 to 0.16, and high NH3-N concentrations ranged from 2,300 to 2,800 mg.L-1. Accordingly, this leachate can be classified as an intermediate leachate that is likely to stabilize. Biosorption studies were carried out in a batch system and the effects of contact time, media pH, and biosorbent mass on the removal efficiency of COD were explored. Based on results obtained at pH=11, contact times of 55 and 105 min were achieved for biosorbent masses of 0.1 g for TOS and 0.3 g for OS, respectively, and were found to be the optimal operating conditions for HBL treatment. Thus, the highest COD removal efficiencies of 79.94 and 67.04% were reached for TOS and OS, correspondently. The pseudo-second order model was the best fitted to our experimental data with high regression coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.98). The Langmuir isotherm model adequately represented the COD removal process, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 90.91 mg.g-1 for TOS and 31.25 mg.g-1 for OS at T=50°C and pH=11. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. These findings suggested that TOS might be employed as an inexpensive and effective biosorbent for COD removal from stabilized leachate. They can also provide baseline information and design assistance for a leachate treatment plant at the HBSL site, as well as for any sanitary landfill in Algeria.

Adsorption of As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solution by magnetic biosorbents derived from chemical carbonization of pea peel waste biomass: Isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic and breakthrough curve modeling studies

The purpose of this research was to investigate the adsorption of arsenic (As) from aqueous solutions using MPAC-500 and MPAC-600 (magnetic-activated carbons synthesized from the peel of Pisum sativum (pea) pyrolyzed at 500 °C and 600 °C temperatures, respectively). The potential of both biosorbents for As adsorption was determined in batch and column mode. The characterization of both biosorbents was performed by energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, pHZPC, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the efficiency of MPAC-600 was better than MPAC-500 for the adsorption of As(III) and As(V) ions. The adsorption capacities of MPAC-500 and MPAC-600 in removing As(III) were 0.7297 mg/g and 1.3335 mg/g, respectively, while the values of Qmax for As(V) on MPAC-500 and MPAC-600 were 0.4930 mg/g and 0.9451 mg/g, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model was found to be the best fit for adsorption of As(III) by MPAC-500 and MPAC-600, as well as adsorption of As(V) by MPAC-500. The Freundlich isotherm model, on the other hand, was optimal for As(V) removal with MPAC-600. With R2 values close to unity, the pseudo-second-order kinetics were best fitted to the adsorption process of both As species. The Thomas model was used to estimate the breakthrough curves. The effects of coexisting oxyanions and regeneration studies were also carried out to examine the influence of oxyanions on As adsorption and reusability of biosorbents.

Recent Advances on Innovative Materials from Biowaste Recycling for the Removal of Environmental Estrogens from Water and Soil.

New technologies have been developed around the world to tackle current emergencies such as biowaste recycling, renewable energy production and reduction of environmental pollution. The thermochemical and biological conversions of waste biomass for bioenergy production release solid coproducts and byproducts, namely biochar (BC), hydrochar (HC) and digestate (DG), which can have important environmental and agricultural applications. Due to their physicochemical properties, these carbon-rich materials can behave as biosorbents of contaminants and be used for both wastewater treatment and soil remediation, representing a valid alternative to more expensive products and sophisticated strategies. The alkylphenols bisphenol A, octylphenol and nonylphenol possess estrogenic activity comparable to that of the human steroid hormones estrone, 17β-estradiol (and synthetic analog 17α-ethinyl estradiol) and estriol. Their ubiquitous presence in ecosystems poses a serious threat to wildlife and humans. Conventional wastewater treatment plants often fail to remove environmental estrogens (EEs). This review aims to focus attention on the urgent need to limit the presence of EEs in the environment through a modern and sustainable approach based on the use of recycled biowaste. Materials such as BC, HC and DG, the last being examined here for the first time as a biosorbent, appear appropriate for the removal of EEs both for their negligible cost and continuously improving performance and because their production contributes to solving other emergencies, such as virtuous management of organic waste, carbon sequestration, bioenergy production and implementation of the circular economy. Characterization of biosorbents, qualitative and quantitative aspects of the adsorption/desorption process and data modeling are examined.

Effective biosorption of arsenic from water using La(III) loaded carboxyl functionalized watermelon rind

Arsenic is highly toxic and carcinogenic element that mainly enters into our body through drinking water and caused adverse effect even at low concentration. A new type of cation exchanger is developed from waste biomass of watermelon rind after increasing the carboxyl functional groups by saponification. Saponified Watermelon Rind (SWR) was further loaded with La(III) to attenuate the contamination of As(III) from water. Characterization of biosorbent was performed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (Fe-SEM,) Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and zeta potential analysis. Arsenic speciation of sorption product through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis revealed that As(III) is partially converted into As(V) during biosorption process. The biosorption tests for As(III) were explored under different operating conditions. La(III)-SWR towards As(III) biosorption was best described by Langmuir biosorption isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic model. At a pH of 12.08, the optimum biosorption capacity was found to be 37.73 ± 0.12, 48.78 ± 0.09, 62.50 ± 0.11 mg/g, respectively at temperatures 298 K, 303 K and 308 K. The existance of chloride and nitrate showed negligible interference whereas sulphate and phosphate significantly inhibits As(III) biosorption. Thermodynamic study showed spontaneous and endothermic nature As(III) biosorption onto La(III)-SWR. The sorbed As(III) was eluted almost completely using 2 M NaOH. The findings of this study insinuated that La(III)-SWR biosorbent investigated in this study can be a low cost, environmentally benign and eco-friendly material for the treatment of aqueous solution polluted with arsenic ions.

Waste seeds of Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Schizizium commune as biochar for heavy metal removal from simulated wastewater.

The threat of arsenic contamination in water is a challenging issue worldwide. Millions of people utilize untreated groundwater having high levels of arsenic in developing countries. Design Expert 6.0.8 has been used to design experiments and carried out statistical analysis for optimization of different parameters. It is of prime importance to develop cheap environment friendly bio-sorbent for protecting health of the poor from ill effects of arsenic. In the present investigation, we prepared bio-sorbent from the solid waste seed biomass of Mangifera indica (M), Artocarpus heterophyllus (JF), and Schizizium commune (JP). The characterization of bio-sorbents has been done by using different techniques namely FTIR and XRD. Arsenic concentration was estimated using ICP and adsorption parameters optimized for pH, adsorbent dose, and initial arsenic concentration. At pH 8.4, kinetics study of arsenic removal was M (94%), JF (93%), and JP (92%) for initial concentration of 2.5 ppm. The adsorption kinetics was well explained by Freundlich model and pseudo-second reaction order.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-021-02078-5.

Encapsulation of Saccharomyces pastorianus Residual Biomass in Calcium Alginate Matrix with Insights in Ethacridine Lactate Biosorption.

Pharmaceuticals are recognized as emerging water microcontaminants that have been reported in several aquatic environments worldwide; therefore, the elimination of these pollutants is a global challenge. This study aimed to develop a biosorbent based on Saccharomyces pastorianus residual biomass encapsulated in a calcium alginate matrix and to evaluate its biosorption performance to remove Ethacridine Lactate (EL) from aqueous solutions. Firstly, the synthesis and characterization of biosorbent has been carried out. Then, the impact of main parameters on biosorption process were investigated by batch experiments. Finally, the kinetics behavior and equilibrium isotherms were evaluated. The resulted beads have an irregular and elongated shape with about 1.89 mm ± 0.13 mm in size with a homogeneous structure. The best removal efficiency for EL of over 85% was obtained at acidic pH 2 and 25 °C for 50 mg/L initial concentration and 2 g/L biosorbent dose. The pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetics describe the biosorption process. The maximum calculated biosorption capacity was 21.39 mg/g similar to that recorded experimentally. The equilibrium biosorption data were a good fit for Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. Our findings reveal that the low cost and eco-friendly obtained biosorbent can be easily synthesized and suitable to remove Ethacridine Lactate from water matrices.

Preparation and characterization of biosorbent of shrimp co products-based and its potential application in the removal of an anionic dye

Preparation and characterization of biosorbent of shrimp co products-based and its potential application in the removal of an anionic dye

Adsorption of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution using surface improved tamarind shell as an economical and effective adsorbent

Antibiotics in water bodies are emerging as an alarming new pollutant because of its persistent and recombinant nature. In recent period of human lifestyle, pharmaceutical products play a vital role in many perspectives. Due to this unpredictable usage of products, the unreacted components release into waterbodies in trace quantities. Eventhough these trace quantities initiate a crisis of developing resistant antibacterial strains which pose health risks to humans and animals. This work reports the batch adsorption of a fluoroquinolone, a fourth-generation antibiotic compound by a biosorbent made by acid-treated tamarind shells. The shells were treated with zinc chloride and hydrochloric acid. The characterization of biosorbent was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The optimized adsorption parameters of time, pH and temperature were 30 minutes, 6 and 60 °C. The adsorbent can be reused up to seven times with negligible loss in its adsorption capacity. Adsorption followed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin model where used to determine the correlation coefficient. Pseudo first-order, second-order and intra-particle kinetic model were used to fit the experimental data. The results are best described by pseudo second-order denoting chemisorption and Freundlich isotherm model describing multilayer adsorption. Novelty Statement The proposed work is to investigate about improved tamarind shell as biomass used in the removal unreacted PPCP components that have been released into aquatic environment. The novelty of this paper lies in that it puts forward a better resource utilization method for treating PPCP component wastewater, and studies the method theoretically from the perspective of mechanism and proves its feasibility. Identifying the maximum adsorption of antibiotic component from wastewater under different conditions and finding the optimum range. In addition to the existing literatures, this study has compared the adsorption efficiency of raw and treated adsorbent material prepared using Tamarind shell.

The feasibility of macro alga E.spinosum for colour removal from real textile wastewater

Industrial textile wastewater usually contains high chemical substances, suspended solids and a very conspicuous intense colour. The complexity of textile wastewater had urged for an effective treatment method. This paper studies the feasibility of red macro alga, Euchema Spinosum as a natural and low-cost biosorbent for the removal of colour in real textile wastewater. The characterization of aforesaid biosorbent was analysed for its physical and chemical properties using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF). The effect of dosage and contact time on colour removal was analysed using batch biosorption experiments. The BET result confirmed that surface area of biosorbent is relatively small suitable for biosorbent characteristic. The result shows that at optimum dosage of 15g/L within 48 hours, E. spinosum was able to remove 93.71% of colour from textile wastewater. Therefore, E. spinosum was found to be highly effective in treating real textile.

Characterization and adsorption study of biosorbents for the removal of basic cationic dye: kinetic and isotherm analysis

Characterization and adsorption study of biosorbents for the removal of basic cationic dye: kinetic and isotherm analysis

Comparison of sustainable biosorbents and ion-exchange resins to remove Sr2+ from simulant nuclear wastewater: Batch, dynamic and mechanism studies

Removal of Sr2+ from aqueous media presents particular challenges, especially in complex wastes such as nuclear industry liquors. Commercial sorbents while effective, can be highly expensive and subject to negative effects from competing ions. Here we evaluate two potential biosorbents (crab carapace and spent distillery grain) as potential alternatives and compare their performance to two commercial sorbents for Sr2+ removal at industrially relevant concentrations (low mg/L). Physical and structural characterization of the materials was undertaken, and batch and dynamic studies were performed on Sr2+ solutions and simulated nuclear wastewater. Sorption performance was quantified with respect to contact time, initial concentration and ion-competition. Removal efficiencies were 20–70% for the biosorbents compared to 55–95% for the commercial materials. Results indicated sorption was predominantly through monolayer coverage on homogenous sites and could be described using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Studies with the simulant liquor showed Sr2+ sorption was reduced by 10–40% due to ion-competition for sites. Characterization of biosorbents before and after Sr2+ sorption suggested that outer-sphere complexation and ion-exchange were the primary Sr2+ removal mechanisms. The efficiency of crab carapace for Sr2+ removal from aqueous media (with adsorption capacity 3.92 mg/g.) at industrially relevant concentrations, together with its mechanical stability, implementation and disposal cost, makes it a competitive option compared to other biosorbents and commercial materials reported in the literature.

Biosorption of chromium(VI) in aqueous solutions by chemically modified Strychnine tree fruit shell

ABSTRACTChromium(VI) was removed from aqueous solution using sulfuric- and phosphoric-acid-activated Strychnine tree fruit shells (SSTFS and PSTFS) as biosorbents. Effects of various parameters such as adsorbent dose (0.02–0.1 g/L), temperature (303–333 K), agitation speed, solution pH (2–9), contact time, and initial Cr(VI) concentration (50–250 mg/L) were studied for a batch adsorption system. The optimum pH range for Cr(VI) adsorption was determined as 2. Equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed with isotherm models and the Langmuir and Freundlich models got best fitted values for SSTFS (R2 value – 0.994) and PSTFS (R2 value – 0.996), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of SSTFS and PSTFS were 100 and 142.85 mg/g, respectively. The biosorption process was well explained by pseudo-second-order kinetic model with higher R2 value (SSTFS – 0.996, PSTFS – 0.990) for both biosorbents. Characterization of biosorbents was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Thermodynamic studies revealed the spontaneous, endothermic, and randomness in nature of the Cr(VI) adsorption process. Different concentrations of NaOH solutions were used to perform the desorption studies. The results demonstrated that both SSTFS and PSTFS can be used as an effective and low-cost biosorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.