Characterization Of Biochar Research Articles

Characterization of Pyrolysis-Mediated Biochar from the Petiole of Cocos nucifera (L.) and its Effect on Soils from Diverse Agroecosystems of Kerala, South India

Characterization of Pyrolysis-Mediated Biochar from the Petiole of Cocos nucifera (L.) and its Effect on Soils from Diverse Agroecosystems of Kerala, South India

Reduction of nitrogen loss in runoff from sloping farmland by a ridged biochar permeable reactive barrier with vegetated filter strips

IntroductionEutrophication due to nitrogen (N) loss from sloping farmland has a high risk in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Biochar and vegetated filter strips (VFS) are used to control nutrient runoff and increase soil water-holding capacity, soil nutrient retention, and crop yield. However, surface biochar application has limited ability to control N loss, especially from sloping farmland.MethodsIn this study, different widths of ridged biochar permeable reactive barrier (RB-PRB) with VFS were employed to intercept N loss in runoff from sloping farmland. Adsorption characteristics of biochar for nitrate and ammonium N were evaluated using isothermal and kinetic adsorption models before field experiments. N index values for ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), dissolved N (DTN), particulate N (PN), and total N (TN) lost through runoff were monitored from April 2019 to January 2020.ResultsNO3− and NH4+ sorption on biochar was predominantly physical adsorption with a maximum capacity of 4.51 and 4.12 mg g-1, respectively. During the research period, the dominant transportation pathway of N loss involved dissolved total N movement through subsurface flow, which accounted for 65.55% of the total loss. TN loss for CK was 1954 g·hm-2, while RB-PRB and VFS decreased N loss from sloping farmland by 36.7%. The interception efficiency of RB-PRB was highest at 0.3 m width. VFS successfully intercepted particulate N and reduced it by 32.75%. In terms of soil nutrients, the RB-PRB and VFS interventions led to a substantial 41.69% increase in the TN content of the soil at a 0.4 m width.DiscussionThe findings suggest that biochar has a favorable adsorption effect on NH4+ and NO3−, an appropriate width of RB-PRB with VFS could effectively reduce nitrogen loss from sloping farmland. Simultaneously, it enhances the water and fertilizer retention capacity of sloping cropland soil; however, the long-term implications necessitate further validation.

Palm Oil Mill Effluent Biochar as An Alternative Potassium Source: Effect of Pyrolysis Time and Its Kinetic Release

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is one of the waste products of palm oil processing that can be processed into a biochar. POME biochar contains high levels of nutrient, such as NPK which can be used an alternative potassium source material. This study aims to produced biochar from POME and the influence of pyrolysis time on the characteristics and its kinetic release. Biochar production from POME was conducted at 300oC with pyrolysis time variation of 1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours. Biochar characterization was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Surface Area Analysis (SAA). Study of potassium release was conducted by mixing one gram amount of biochar with 0.01 M CaCl2 as a function of time. The used kinetics modelling in this study are first-order, second-order, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second orde. The results showed that the biochar yield decreased, while the biochar pH value, exchangeable potassium, non-exchangeable potassium and surface area increased with the increasing of pyrolysis time. The pseudo- second order model is the most fitted model to describe the potassium release. The pseudo-second order kinetics model gave K release rates of 0.018; 0.024; 0.020; 0.014 (mg g-1min-1), the qe values are 0.814; 0.839; 0.927; 1.111 (mg g-1), respectively.

Efficient synthesis of magnetic activated carbon from oak pericarp for enhanced dye adsorption: A one-step approach

This study presents a one-step synthetic method utilizing oak pericarp treated with FeCl3 and ZnCl2 as a precursor for the production of magnetic activated carbon (MAC). Characterization techniques including FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, XRD, VSM, BET, and pHpzc confirm the integration of biochar characteristics and magnetic properties of iron oxides in the MAC composite. Batch adsorption tests investigate the adsorption capacity of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Rose Bengal (RB) dyes by MAC under varied conditions, including adsorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, ionic strength, temperature, and initial dye concentration. Optimal adsorption conditions for RhB and RB are identified at pH 2 and 7, with adsorbent doses of 0.75 g/L and 1 g/L, and equilibrium times of 180 min and 120 min, respectively. Adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) are employed, with the Freundlich model providing the best fit. MAC demonstrates a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 198.529 mg.g−1 for RhB and 42.551 mg.g−1 for RB at 20 °C. Kinetic data align with the pseudo-second-order model, and thermodynamic parameters confirm the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. In conclusion, this study successfully synthesizes magnetic biochar with enhanced efficacy in dye adsorption. The one-step method proves efficient for treating industrial dye effluents, as evidenced by batch desorption studies over four cycles, establishing the reusability of the MAC.

Enhanced adsorption of phosphate by rice straw-based biochar prepared via metal impregnation and bio-template technology.

Phosphate removal from water through green, highly efficient technologies has received much attention. Biochar is an effective adsorbent for phosphate removal. However, adsorption capacity of phosphate on pristine rice straw-based biochar was not optimistic due to low anion exchange capacity. In this study, Fe-modified, Mg-modified and MgFe-modified rice straw-based biochar (Fe-BC, Mg-BC and MgFe-BC) were prepared by combining metal impregnation and biological template methods to improve the adsorption capacity of phosphate. The surface characteristics of biochar and the adsorption behavior of phosphate on biochar were investigated. The modified biochar had the specific surface area of 17.910-39.336 m2/g, and their surfaces were rich in a large number of functional groups and metal oxides. Phosphate release was observed on pristine rice straw-based biochar without metal impregnation. The maximum adsorption capacities of phosphate on MgFe-BC, Mg-BC and Fe-BC at 298K were 6.93, 5.75 and 0.23mg/g, respectively. Adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process, while chemical adsorption dominated and electrostatic attraction and pores filling existed simultaneously. Based on the site energy distribution theory study, the standard deviation of MgFe-BC decreased from 6.96 to 4.64kJ/mol with temperature increasing, which proved that the higher the temperature would cause the lower heterogeneity. Moreover, the effects of pH, humic acid, co-existing ions and ionic strength on phosphate adsorption of MgFe-BC were also discussed. MgFe-BC with fine pores and efficient adsorption sites is an ideal adsorbent for phosphate removal from water.

Municipal Sewage Sludge as a Resource in the Circular Economy

Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is an inevitable byproduct of wastewater treatment, with increasing amounts year by year worldwide. The development of environmentally and economically acceptable methods for the sustainable management of MSS is a major environmental challenge. Nowadays, sludge management practices, besides the commonly used stabilization methods, focus attention on alternative sludge-disposal pathways, which encompass enhanced energy and valuable-resource recovery. This review presents the recent advances in the recovery of selected value-added products from sludge. Because of the high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, waste MSS can be a nutrient source (e.g., struvite). This paper discusses the conditions of and advances in the technology of struvite recovery. As in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) of biological sludge, alginate-like exopolymers (ALEs) are present in MSS systems that treat municipal wastewater. The yields, dynamics in content, and characterization of ALEs and their possible applications were analyzed. MSS is an important source of humic substances. Their occurrence, characterization, and yields in various types of MSS (e.g., untreated, composted, and digested sludge) and main methods of application are presented. The important aspects and trends of MSS pyrolysis, including the thermochemical conversion to biochar, are discussed in this review. The characterization of biochar derived from MSS and the assessment of the environmental risks are also covered. This paper explores the potential use of biochar derived from MSS in various applications, including soil amendment, carbon sequestration, and environmental remediation.

Theoretical insight into NO formation and reduction at biochar N-sites: Influence of different oxygen-containing functional groups

Biochar is a cost-efficient and promising porous carbonaceous material for the efficient removal of flue gas NOx. The N-site located at the edge of biochar can be a crucial gateway for NO reduction to N2 or for NO formation by oxidation, which can be significantly affected by the oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs) on the biochar edge. However, the roles of different OFGs in N-site-involved reactions remain elusive. Based on the biochar characterization results, reasonable theoretical models of biochar with different N-sites and OFGs were constructed. Subsequently, the effects of distinct OFGs on the interaction between NO and N-sites as well as the NO liberation from N-sites were elucidated, by employing density functional theory (DFT) and electronic structure analysis. The results reveal that all OFGs, encompassing -CHO, -COOH, and -OH, manifest their roles through the direct inherent electrostatic properties of O/H in OFGs (O*/H*) or altering the reactivity of edge atoms indirectly. For pyridinic nitrogen (N-6) at the zigzag edge, unsaturated (-CHO, -COOH)/saturated (-OH) OFGs inhibit/enhance NO reduction with N-6 by electrostatic properties of O*/H*, and all OFGs inhibit NO generation from N-6. Besides, all OFGs enhance the NO reduction with pyrrolic nitrogen (N-5) at the armchair edge while inhibiting the release of NO, by influencing the edge activity. The present study gives a mechanism insight into the roles of distinct OFGs in reactions involving biochar N-sites.

Liming potential and characteristics of biochar produced from woody and non-woody biomass at different pyrolysis temperatures

Large amount of wastes are burnt or left to decompose on site or at landfills where they cause air pollution and nutrient leaching to groundwater. Waste management strategies that return these food wastes to agricultural soils recover the carbon and nutrients that would otherwise have been lost, enrich soils and improve crop productivity. The incorporation of liming materials can neutralize the protons released, hence reducing soil acidity and its adverse impacts to the soil environment, food security, and human health. Biochar derived from organic residues is becoming a source of carbon input to soil and provides multifunctional values. Biochar can be alkaline in nature, with the level of alkalinity dependent upon the feedstock and processing conditions. This study conducted a characterization of biochar derived from the pyrolysis process of eggplant and Acacia nilotica bark at temperatures of 300 °C and 600 °C. An analysis was conducted on the biochar kinds to determine their pH, phosphorus (P), as well as other elemental composition. The proximate analysis was conducted by the ASTM standard 1762-84, while the surface morphological features were measured using a scanning electron microscope. The biochar derived from Acacia nilotica bark exhibited a greater yield and higher level of fixed carbon while possessing a lower content of ash and volatile components compared to biochar derived from eggplant. The eggplant biochar exhibits a higher liming ability at 600 °C compared to the acacia nilotica bark-derived biochar. The calcium carbonate equivalent, pH, potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) levels in eggplant biochars increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased. The results suggest that biochar derived from eggplant could be a beneficial resource for storing carbon in the soil, as well as for addressing soil acidity and enhancing nutrients availability, particularly potassium and phosphorus in acidic soils.

Kinetic and combustion characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar using thermogravimetric analysis

The usage of renewable energy is a mitigation phenomenon majorly impacting the power sectors, with biomass being one of the sources directly replacing coal in various applications. This leads to the portrayal of biomass having the potential to be a carbonaceous material, namely the Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) of oil palm. To increase the characteristics of EFB, it can be converted into carbon-based products through thermochemical processes, such as hydrothermal carbonization. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the characteristics of feedstock and biochar EFB using the TGA method. The heating rate used in this study is 10 – 30°C/min at five °C/min intervals. The effect of heating rate on kinetic parameters and thermal (DTG, TGA) and combustion (T ignition, T burn out) characteristics was also determined. This study carried out the HTC process at temperatures of 210ᵒC and 230ᵒC. The results showed that biochar EFB had a higher ignition, burnout temperature, and activation energy than raw EFB. Ignition temperatures for EFB-HT210°C and EFB-HT230°C were 297°C and 298°C; burnout temperatures for EFB-HT210°C, EFB-HT230°C were 407°C and 450°C; and the activation energy for EFB-HT210°C, EFB-HT230°C were 58.84 kJ/mol and 62.16 kJ/mol. Besides the characteristics of biomass, the heating rate also affects combustion. This proved that increased heating rate caused higher ignition and burnout temperature and decreased activation energy. The results also indicated that the difference in heating rate influenced the peak temperature in DTG.

Characterization of bone and dung biochars for potential use as precursors for artificial fertilizers

The Fourier Transform Infrared technique was utilized to measure the infrared spectra of bone and dung chars at ambient temperature. The spectra of the investigated char samples showed some notable similarities, suggesting that the compounds have functional groups which display bands at similar wavenumbers in IR spectrum. Additionally, correlations between the chars and the terra preta soils were found. This implies that the investigated biochars and the terra preta soils share comparable characteristics. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy showed the existence of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and oxygen in the bone char which are classified as macronutrients. In addition, the bone char contained two micronutrients (nickel and chlorine) and one non-essential nutrient (sodium). The dung char was constituted with all the macronutrients found in the bone char and in addition it had traces of sulfur which is also a macronutrient. Iron, manganese and chlorine were present in the dung char as micronutrients. There was also the presence of sodium and aluminum which are classified as non-essential nutrients. Zinc which is also fundamental in soil fertility was detected using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy in all the chars. Both the samples are alkaline with pHs ranging between 9 and 11. The results of this research will be useful in determining which biochars are best suited for production of synthetic fertilizers.

Effects of swine manure and straw biochars on fluorine adsorption-desorption in soils.

With increasing global awareness of soil health, attention must be paid to fluorine exposure in soils, which poses a threat to human health. Therefore, this study aimed to study the fluorine adsorption characteristics of swine manure and straw biochars and their impact on fluorine adsorption-desorption in soil with batch experiments. The biochar samples originated from high-temperature anaerobic cracking of swine manure (350°C, 500°C, and 650°C) and straw (500°C). Results indicated that the adsorption of soil fluorine reached adsorption equilibrium at around 4 h after the mixing of swine manure and straw biochar. Fluorine adsorption kinetics using these biochars conformed to the quasi-two-stage kinetic model. The fluorine adsorption kinetics for biochar-treated soils conformed to the double-constant equation and the Elovich equation, and the soil treated with straw biochar showed the fastest fluorine adsorption rate. The adsorption isotherms of fluorine for biochars and biochar-treated soils could be fitted by the isothermal adsorption model of Langmuir and Freundlich. The maximal equilibrium quantity of fluorine was 73.66 mg/g for swine manure biochar. The soil, adding with 2% of swine manure biochar achieved with showed at 650°C had the smallest adsorption. This study also shows that the adsorption of fluorine by biochar gradually decreased with the increase of pH. Comparing with other factors, the mixture pH with biochars added had a significant effect on fluorine adsorption. The decreased fluorine adsorption capacities for soils treated with swine manure and straw biochars were closely related to the increased pH in soils after adding biochars. Considering the fluorine threat in soil, this study provides a theoretical basis for the application of biochars on soil fluorine adsorption.

Characteristics of advanced anaerobic digestion sludge-based biochar and its application for sewage sludge conditioning

The utilization of sludge-based biochar, characterized by abundant pore structures, proves advantageous in enhancing sludge dewatering performance. In this study, advanced anaerobic digestion sludge underwent pyrolysis to produce biochar, subsequently employed for sludge conditioning. Results revealed that biochar, obtained at 800 °C, exhibited the highest specific surface area (105.3 m2/g) and pore volume (0.17 cm3/g). As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the sludge's functional groups tended to aromatize. When used to condition sludge, particularly at a 20 % (dry solid) dosage, biochar significantly reduced sludge capillary suction time and floc size. The addition of biochar enhanced the conditioning effect of cationic polyacrylamide by absorbing extracellular polymeric substances, creating water molecule channels, and forming skeletons for sludge flocs. These findings introduce a novel approach to sludge reuse and provide valuable data supporting the use of biochar as a sludge conditioner.

Comparative analysis of biochar production methods and their impacts on biochar physico-chemical properties and adsorption of heavy metals

Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth result in vast amounts of organic waste being produced, including agricultural waste, animal waste, industrial waste, sewage sludge, and municipal solid waste. Biochar production from solid waste has become a popular waste management method. However, in rural areas of developing nations, biomass is typically used for cooking without being charred. Urban biowaste-derived biochar may enhance soil fertility and overall soil health. However, large-scale biochar production from an electronic muffle furnace could be very expensive, and there is little information on the conversion of biowastes to biochar using traditional kilns or its effects on biochar characteristics, and farmers' biochar production methods are yet underdeveloped. Hence, this study provides biochar production from biowastes using two production methods: 1) a traditional kiln (a tin kiln) intended for use by small farmers and gardeners, and 2) a laboratory muffle furnace, with the aim of evaluating biochar characteristics. Biochar produced in a muffle furnace and tin kiln has found similar physicochemical and adsorption properties at the same pyrolysis conditions. They include high pH, EC, CEC, Pava, Ca, Mg, K, and carbon content. We expect these biochars to have larger long-term effects on agricultural characteristics and soil carbon sequestration. However, the present results might be utilized to drive cleaner biochar production for agricultural use in developing nations, which may multiply local producer benefits.

Effects of different precursors on the structure of lignin-based biochar and its ability to adsorb benzopyrene from sesame oil

Agricultural by-products of sesame are promising bioresources in food processing. This study extracted lignin from the by-products of sesame oil production, namely, the capsules and straw of black and white sesame. Using acid, alkali, and ethanol methods, 12 distinct lignins were obtained to prepare biochar, aiming to investigate both the structural characteristics of lignin-based biochar (LBB) and its ability to remove benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) from sesame oil. The results showed that white sesame straw was the most suitable raw material for preparing biochar. In terms of the preparation method, acid-extracted lignin biochar was more effective in removing BaP than alkaline or ethanol methods. Notably, WS-1LB (white sesame straw acid-extracted lignin biochar) exhibited the highest BaP adsorption efficiency (91.44 %) and the maximum specific surface area (1065.8187 m2/g), characterized by porous structures. The pseudo 2nd and Freundlich models were found to be the best fit for the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of BaP on LBB, respectively, suggesting that a multilayer adsorption process was dominant. The high adsorption of LBB mainly resulted from pore filling. This study provides an economical and highly efficient biochar adsorbent for the removal of BaP in oil.

Cellulose-based aerogel derived N, B-co-doped porous biochar for high-performance CO2 capture and supercapacitor

The remarkable characteristics of porous biochar have generated significant interest in various fields, such as CO2 capture and supercapacitors. The modification of aerogel-derived porous biochar through activation and heteroatomic doping can effectively enhance CO2 adsorption and improve supercapacitor performance. In this study, a novel N, B-co-doped porous biochar (NBCPB) was synthesized by carbonating and activating the N, B dual-doped cellulose aerogel. N and B atoms were doped in-situ using a modified alkali-urea method. The potassium citrate was served as both an activator and a salt template to facilitate the formation of a well-developed nanostructure. The optimized NBCPB-650-1 (where 650 corresponded to activation temperature and 1 represented mass ratio of potassium citrate activator to carbonized NBCPB-400 precursor) displayed the largest micropore volume of 0.40 cm3·g−1 and a high specific surface area of 891 m2·g−1, which contributed to an excellent CO2 adsorption capacity of 4.19 mmol·g−1 at 100 kPa and 25 °C, a high CO2/N2 selectivity, and exceptional reusability (retained >97.5 % after 10 adsorption-desorption cycles). Additionally, the NBCPB-650-1 electrode also delivered a high capacitance of 220.9 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1. Notably, the symmetrical NBCPB-650-1 supercapacitor exhibited a high energy density of 9 Wh·kg−1 at the power density of 100 W·kg−1. This study not only presents the potential application of NBCPB-650-1 material in CO2 capture and electrochemical energy storage, but also offers a new insight into easy-to-scale production of heteroatomic-modified porous biochar.

Biochar from co-pyrolysis of biological sludge and woody waste followed by chemical and thermal activation: end-of-waste procedure for sludge management and biochar sorption efficiency for anionic and cationic dyes

Nine biochars were produced by co-pyrolysis of sawdust and biological sludge following the “design of experiment” approach. Two kinds of sludge (both deriving from the treatment of mixed industrial-municipal wastewater) and two types of woody waste were selected as categorical predicting variables, while contact time, pyrolysis temperature, and sludge percentage were used as quantitative variables. Biochars were analysed for their product characteristics and environmental compatibility based on the European Standards (EN 12915–1:2009) for materials intended for water treatment (i.e. ash content, water leachable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and elements), as well as for specific surface area (SSA), using them as response variables of a multivariate partial least square multiple regression, whose results provided interesting insights on the relationships between pyrolysis conditions and biochar characteristics. Biochars produced with sludge and/or providing the highest SSA values (258–370 m2 g−1) were selected to undergo a sustainable chemical treatment using a by-product of the gasification of woody biomass, complying in all cases with European Standards and achieving therefore the end-of-waste status for sewage sludge. The biochar deriving from the highest percentage of sludge (30% by weight) and with the highest SSA (390 m2 g−1) was thermally activated achieving SSA of 460 m2 g−1 and then tested for the sorption of direct yellow 50 and methylene blue in ultrapure water and real wastewater, compared to a commercial activated carbon (AC). The biochar showed Langmuir sorption maxima (Qm) 2–9 times lower than AC, thus highlighting promising sorption performances. Qm for methylene blue in wastewater (28 mg‧g−1) was confirmed by column breakthrough experiments.

Biochar characteristics and Pb2+/Zn2+ sorption capacities: the role of feedstock variation

Biochar characteristics and Pb2+/Zn2+ sorption capacities: the role of feedstock variation

Influence of EMR–Phosphogypsum–Biochar Mixtures on Sudan Grass: Growth Dynamics and Heavy Metal Immobilization

This study investigates the growth dynamics and heavy metal immobilization in Sudan grass cultivated on substrates composed of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR), phosphogypsum, and chili straw biochar. Pot experiments revealed that a substrate with phosphogypsum constituting 75% of the mix hinders Sudan grass seed germination. Compared with sole EMR utilization, the composite substrates notably enhanced plant growth, evidenced by increases in plant height and fresh weight. The integration of these substrates led to a significant elevation in total chlorophyll content (up to 54.39%) and a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (up to 21.66%), indicating improved photosynthetic activity and lower oxidative stress. The addition of biochar reduced the content of Zn, Cd, and Mn in the roots of Sudan grass by up to 25.92%, 20.00%, and 43.17%, respectively; and reduced the content of Pb, Mn, and Cr in the shoot by up to 33.72%, 17.53%, and 26.32%, respectively. Fuzzy membership function analysis identified the optimal substrate composition as 75% EMR and 25% phosphogypsum, with 5% chili straw biochar, based on overall performance metrics. This study adopts the concept of “to treat waste with waste”. The approach is to fully consider the fertility characteristics of EMR, phosphogypsum, and biochar, underscoring the potential for utilizing waste-derived materials in cultivating Sudan grass and offering a sustainable approach to plant growth and heavy metal management.

Combustion characteristics of biochar from food processing waste

This work examines biochar from carbonization of grape waste, and oat and buckwheat husks at 450ºC. The main aspects of the work concern the analysis of the fixed carbon and ash content in accordance with the European Standard. Obtained results showed that biochar from oat and buckwheat husk can be used for barbeque charcoal and barbeque charcoal bri-quettes production, whereas biochar derived from grape waste can be used for the charcoal briquettes production. Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that biochar from grape stalk is characterized by the highest ignition and burnout performance, but in relation to the remaining samples, combustion process occurs in a narrow range of time and temperature. Obtained results showed that biochar from oat and buckwheat husks has properties, as well as combustion stability and reactivity, similar to commercial charcoal.

Systematic Characterization of Cow Manure Biochar and Its Effect on Salicornia herbacea L. Growth

This study investigated the potential of biochar as a sustainable material for waste utilization and carbon sequestration in soil. Biochar was prepared from cow manure (CM) and applied to the soil. Biochar was processed by subjecting CM to various temperature ranges (400 [CMB400], 550 [CMB550], and 700 °C [CMB700]) under nitrogen gas (allowed to flow to restrict oxygen), with residence time set to 3 h. The characteristics of the biochar produced at each temperature were analyzed. The experiment was conducted for approximately 15 weeks with the laboratory temperature maintained between 24 and 26 °C. The growth rate of plants was obtained by measuring their length weekly, starting 4 weeks after crop establishment. CMB550 exhibited the highest specific surface area (117.57 m2 g−1) and well-distributed pore size; therefore, it was mixed with the soil at a specific ratio and put in pots for the planting of Salicornia herbacea L. (glasswort) in the laboratory. The results demonstrated that adding biochar to soil increased plant growth and that the biochar could store organic carbon. In addition, an investigation of heavy metals demonstrated that samples with biochar had lower heavy metal concentrations in glasswort than those without because of the potential of biochar to adsorb heavy metals. By interacting with heavy metal ions in soil solution, the reactive sites and functional groups on the surface of biochar immobilize them and lessen their potentially detrimental effects on plant growth. Overall, biochar has the potential to be a valuable resource for waste management and environmental improvement.